The Engineering Projects

T Flip Flop Circuit Diagram in Proteus ISIS

Hey Learners! I welcome you on the behalf of The Engineering Projects. I hope you are doing Great. If you are seeking for the best information about the T Flip Flop along with some small concepts and the Practical Performance, then you are at the right article. In this session you will get the following topics:

• What are T Flip Flops?
• What are the Functions of Preset and Clear Input in T Flip Flop?
• How can we Design the Truth Table of T Flip Flop?
• How can you perform the T Flip Flop simulation in very simple and useful way?

Moreover, you will also get some pieces of information in DID YOU KNOW sections. so without wasting time, lets Jump into the answer of 1st Question.

T Flip Flop

T Flip Flop belongs to the family of Flip Flops and Latches and we define the T Flip Flop as:

"T Flip Flops are bi-stable sequential Logic Circuits that are the modification of SR Flip Flops and contain just one input called T and two outputs called Q and Q' and a Clock input in the circuit. "

The Circuit is similar to the JK Flip Flop but the inputs are connected with the same Logic toggle and we control the Circuit with the help of Preset and Clear inputs. Furthermore, a Clock is used to synchronize the signals. we'll talk about this feature in upcoming sections.

DID YOU KNOW????????????????

The T Flip Flop is the modification in the JK Flip Flop that has two inputs and two outputs.

Function of Preset and Clear inputs in T Flip Flops

The Function of Preset and Clear is important. Both of these are the Synchronous Inputs. By saying this, we mean that these inputs are out of the Influence of the Clock. We change the values of these inputs, the working mechanism change according to the conditions. It seems that these inputs are not important yet they are important because one can use the circuit in different ways according to the requirements. In out Circuit and Truth Table, we denote the Preset as "P" and Clear as "C". You can Make a circuit without these inputs but it may have less functionality and working.

Working mechanism of T Flip Flop

The T Flip Flop work very similar to the JK Flip Flop but it has the difference that it can toggle with the situation of JK Flip Flop. Let's have a look at the situations in T Flip Flops.

DID YOU KNOW?????????????????

The T Flip Flops also called the Toggle Flip Flops. the toggling action is the presses in which the circuit is changed from 1 to 0 and vise versa.

When P=1 and C=0

In this condition, the Circuit is in the Set Condition. It means, the condition of Q will be same as the T . if T=1 then Q=1 and vise versa.

When P=0,C=1

This is the condition where the Circuit is in the RESET condition. The Q remains HIGH irrespective of the value of T. Toggle input have the influence on the Q'. the Output Q' follows the same condition as the T.

When P=0,C=0

In this Condition, the value of Toggle input does not have any effect on the Output, they remain open always.

When P=1,C=1

for this situation. the output is of Q is HIGH for a while then low and Q' is High.

DID YOU KNOW?????????????????

You can also use an IC for the T Flip Flop. It will be more easy and effective but it has a fixed working that is not good for the learning purpose.

T Flip Flop Truth Table

If we look at the discussion above, we'll get an idea that the T Flip Flop work according to the values of synchronous Inputs. Here's the T Flip Flop Truth Table:  

Condition	P	C	CLK	T	Q	Q’
SET	1	0	High	0	0	1
	1	0	High	1	1	1
Reset	0	1	High	0	1	0
	0	1	High	1	1	1
invalid	0	0	High	0	1	1
			High	1
Invalid	1	1	High	0	0	1
			High	1	1	1

Hence, now we have a great idea what does T Flip Flop do. Let's design the circuit of T Flip Flop in Proteus using all these concepts.

DID YOU KNOW??????????????????

When Clock is LOW, one can examine a totally different behavior of the Circuit.

T Flip Flop Circuit Diagram in Proteus ISIS

• Now we will design T Flip Flop Circuit Diagram in Proteus Software.
• Here's the components list, which will be required for this simulation:

Components Required

1. 3 input NAND Gate.
2. 2 Input NAND Gate.
3. Logic Toggle.
4. LED-red.
5. Ground Terminal.
6. Connecting Wires.

• Choose the 1st four components from the Pick Library through "P" Button one after the other.
• Set Four 3 input NAND Gate at the screen vertically just like shown in the image below:

 

• Take two Logic Toggles and set them just before the Gate 1 and one in between Gate 1 and 2 one by one.
• Take 1 logic Toggle and set it just upper side of the system.
• Repeat the step with the lower area of the Circuit.
• Get the LED and place it after the Gate Q.
• Repeat the step with the Q' Gate.
• Grab the Ground Terminal From the Terminal Mode>Ground present at the left side of screen and connect 1 with the end of LED of Q and Q'.
• Connect all the components with the help of connecting wires according to the image given below:

 

• Change the Values at the Logic toggles and observe the result.

DID YOU KNOW?????????????????

One can use the Clock Terminal present in the pick Library. But it will be difficult to understand the conditions and outputs because it is less demonstrative.

Truss, today we saw what are the T Flip Flops, How does Preset and Clear work in the T Flip Flops, how can we design the Truth Table of T Flip Flop and how can we design the whole simulation of T Flip Flop in Proteus ISIS. If you want to learn more about the circuits and simulation of Logical and Electronic Circuits, you can check our other tutorials and experiments as well.

D-Type Flip Flop Circuit Diagrams in Proteus

Hey Mentees! Welcome from the team of The Engineering Projects. We hope You are having a reproductive day. To add more reproduction, let's learn another Logical Circuit from scratch. In this Tutorial, we'll grasp the following topics:

1. What are D-Type Flip Flop?
2. Which is the IC of D Flip Flop in Proteus ISIS?
3. How is the working of D Flip Flop?
4. How can we design the Truth Table of D Flip Flop?
5. How can we Perform the formation of D Flip Flops in Proteus ISIS?

Moreover, we'll have small chunks of information in DID YOU KNOW Sections. At this instance, Let's start the learning.

D-Type Flip Flops

D-Type Flip Flops are important Logical Circuits and we Introduce it as:

"The D-Type Flip Flop is a type of Flip Flop that captures the value of D input for a specific time of the Clock edge and show the output according to the value of D at that time."

D-Type Flip Flops have the ability to Latch or delay the DATA inputs and therefore are the improved version of the SR Flip Flop (In which the data shows the Invalid output when the inputs are HIGH) . Recall that Flip Flops are the Logical Circuits that can hold and store the data in the form of bits and are important building blocks of many of electronic devices and circuits.

DID YOU KNOW???????????????????????? The D Flip Flop is also known as the Data Flip Flop.

When we observe the circuit of D Flip Flop we observe 2 Important points in the D flip Flops:

1. The D Flip Flop is the circuit of active High SR Flip Flop that have the S and R inputs connected together with an invertor gate so that both S  and R (looking with the point of view of SR Flip Flop) will always have the opposite state to each other.
2. The circuit has only one input called D input and it always has a clock that has one of the major effect at the output of D Flip Flop.

D Flip Flop IC

IC's play a magical role in the world of electronics. They make the circuit so simple and decrease the chances of the errors in the circuit. for D Flip Flop, the IC Used has a number CD4013 and for better understanding, D Flip Flop IC named 4013 is shown in the Proteus software in the image below: The S and R are the additional pins to use it for the higher level Experiments. Yet for the simplicity and core information, we'll use Logic Gates when we'll perform in the practical section.

Working of D Flip Flop

In the working of D type Flip Flop, we observe that the D is the only input of the D Flip Flop. yet, the Clock also has the effect in the output of the circuit. Due to the Latched Circuit of Flip Flops, all this discussion would be pointless if we took the concept in the mind that at every pulse, the data of the Flip Flop is changed. Truss, we use an Enabler or Clock in the Circuit through which we can separate the circuit from the input at the instance of our will. When clock is HIGH: Thus, when the D is set HIGH the circuit is said to be in the "Set" State. By the same token, when the D input is LOW the circuit is said to be in the "Reset" position. Unlike SR Flip Flop, the output Q is same as the value of D input and Q' is the vise versa. When Clock is LOW: During the operation when the Clock or Enable input is LOW, any value at the D does not have any effect on the circuit's output. This position is called the "Don't Care" State of D Flip Flop.

Truth Table of D Flip Flop

Based upon the Concepts given above, one can easily design the Truth Table of the D Flip Flop. Let's have a look at the Truth Table.

Inputs		Output
CLK	D	Q	Q’
0	X	No Change
1	0	0	1
1	1	1	0

For the purpose of best understanding, we are going to check these concepts and the circuit information in the simulation Software. We are using the Proteus ISIS here.

Performance of D Flip Flop i Proteus ISIS

To perform the experiment in the software, just follow the simple steps given next.

Material Required

1. NAND Gate
2. NOT Gate
3. Logic Toggle
4. LED-RED
5. Ground Terminal
6. Connecting wires

• Fire up your Proteus ISIS.
• Pop the "P" button present at the screen and Write the name of 1st four devices and select them one after the other.
• Arrange four NAND gates and the inverter gate (NOT Gate) at the working area just according to the image given below:

• Take Logic Toggles and arrange them just at the left side of the system.
• Get the LED's for the output and connect one of them with the output of switch Q and Q'.
• Go to Terminal mode>Ground, attach the one ground Terminal with each the LEDs.
• Connect all the devices according to the diagram given next:

• Change the value of the Clock and observe does the value of the output change?
• Turning the LED on means the output is HIGH and vise versa.
• For convenience, the D Flip Flop can also be obtained by using a NAND as NOT in the Circuit as shown in figure:

DID YOU KNOW?????????????

In real life, the Clock is used in the place of Logic Gate (as shown in the image above) because it automatically changes the direction and change the output of the D Flip Flop. 

NOTE: You can also use the Logic Probe instead of the Grounded LED. Truss, in this session, we saw what are the D Flip Flops, how does they work, how an we design the Truth Table of D Flip Flop and how can we perform it practically in Proteus ISIS. In the next session, we'll know what are T Flip Flop and how is its Simulation in Proteus ISIS.

74LS76 Dual JK Flip-Flop Datasheet, Pinout, Features & Applications

Hi Folks! Hope you’re well today. Happy to see you around. Today, I’ll walk you through the Introduction to 74LS76.

The 74LS76 comes with separate J, K, clock pulse, direct clear inputs, and direct set. These flip-flops are developed in such a way when the clock is set HIGH, data will be received enabling inputs.

I suggest you buckle up as I’ll detail the complete Introduction to 74LS76 covering datasheet, pinout, features, alternatives, and applications.

Introduction to 74LS76

• The 74LS76 comes with separate J, K, clock pulse, direct clear inputs, and direct set. These flip-flops are developed in such a way when the clock is set HIGH, data will be received enabling inputs.
• This IC contains two JK flip-flops and each flip-flop can be utilized individually for the required applications.

• These flip-flops are mainly employed in control registers, shift registers, and storage registers and are termed as latching devices due to their ability to remember every single bit of data.
• These devices latch the output based on the stored binary data.
• It is important to note more than one flip-flop can be combined in series for storing a small amount of data as an EEPROM.

• The operating voltage range of this dual JK flip-flop is 2V to 6V and comes in 14-pin PDIP, GDIP and PDSO packages.
• This JK flip-flop is termed the best pick for practical applications as it possesses stable output for all types of inputs.
• The J and K inputs logic levels will be performed as per the Truth Table as long as minimum set-up times are taken into observation.
• Know that the Input data is converted to the outputs when the HIGH-to-LOW clock transition occurs.
• This IC houses two JK flip-flops and is powered by +5V.

74LS76 Datasheet

Before you apply this component to your electrical project, it’s wise to scan through the datasheet of the component that highlights the main characteristics of the chip. Click the link below to download the datasheet of 74LS76

74LS76 Pinout

The following is the pinout diagram of 74LS76. The following table represents the pin description of each pin integrated on the chip.

Pin Description of 74LS76 Dual JK Flip-Flop
Pin No.	Pin Description	Pin Name
1,6	These pins should be provided with a clock pulse for the flip flop	Clock-1/ Clock-2
2,7	Preset input pins drive Flip Flop to a set state.	Preset-1 / Preset-2
16,12	Input pin of the Flip Flop	1K/ 2K
4,9	Another Input pin of the Flip Flop	1J / 2J
14,10	The inverted output pin of Flip Flop	1Q(bar) / 2Q (bar)
15,11	Output Pin of the Flip Flop	1Q / 2Q
3,8	Clear input pin drives Flip Flop to a reset state.	1 CLR (bar)/ 2 CLR (bar)
13	Connected to the ground	Ground
5	Powers the IC with 5V	Power (+Vs)

74LS76 Truth Table

The clear and preset are termed as the asynchronous active-low inputs. When they are set LOW, they result in overriding the J-K and clock inputs allow the output to remain in the steady-state levels. The truth table of 74LS76 is shown below.

74LS76 Features

The main features of the chip are described below.

• Operating Voltage Range = 2V to 6V
• Low-Level Output Voltage Max. = 0.25V
• High-Level Output Voltage Min. = 3.5 V
• Dual JK Flip Flop Chip

• Operating Temperature Range = -55 to -125°C
• Low-Level Input Voltage Max. = 0.8 V
• High-Level Input Voltage Min. = 2 V
• Available Packages = 14-pin PDIP, GDIP, PDSO

74LS76 Applications

The following are the main applications of flip-flop 74LS76.

• Employed in Memory/Control Registers
• Used in Shift Registers
• Used in Latching devices
• Incorporated in EEPROM circuits

That’s all for today. Hope you’ve got a clear insight into the Introduction to 74LS76. If you have any questions, you can pop your comment in the section below, I’d love to help you the best way I can. Feel free to share your valuable feedback and suggestions around the content we share so we keep producing quality content tailored to your exact needs and requirements. Thank you for reading the article.

CD4011 NAND Gate Datasheet, Pinout, Features & Applications

Hi Guys! Hope you’re well today. I welcome you on board. In this post today, I’ll detail the Introduction to CD4035.

CD4011 IC belongs to the CD40xx CMOS IC series. The CD4011 chip comes with four independent NAND gates. This device is used to perform the Boolean function Y = A × B or Y = A + B in positive logic. This IC is widely used in many applications including Portable Audio Docks, AV Receivers, and Blu-Ray Players.

I suggest you read this entire post till the end as I’ll walk you through the complete introduction to CD4011 covering datasheet, pinout, features, truth table, alternatives, and applications. Let’s jump right in.

Introduction to CD4011

• CD4011 IC belongs to the CD40xx CMOS IC series. The CD4011 chip comes with four independent NAND gates.
• It is important to note that the output voltage and the operating voltage of this IC are equal.

• This chip is widely used in many electrical circuits including mp3 players, AV receivers, Blu-ray players, and home theater.

• If you want to use this chip as a logic inverter, you can reconfigure the NAND gates into NOT gates.
• Less transition time makes this device the best pick for high-speed applications.
• The typical operating voltage of this device is 5V which comes in 14-pin PDIP, GDIP and PDSO packages.
• The operating voltage range is -55 to 125C and the propagation delay time is 60ns.

CD4011 Datasheet

Before you incorporate this component into your electrical project, it’s better to scan through the datasheet of the component that comes with the main characteristics of the device. You can download the datasheet of CD4011 by clicking the link below.

CD4011 Pinout

The following figure shows the pinout diagram of CD4011. The following table represents the pin description of each pin available on the chip.

Pin Description of CD4011
Pin No.	Pin Description	Pin Name
1,2,5,6,8,9,12,13	First Input pin of the NAND gate	NAND Gate Input pins
3,4,10,11	The Inverting input pin of the Op-Amp A	NAND Gate Output pins
14	5V is used to power the IC	Vcc (Vdd)
4	Connect to the ground	Ground Vss

CD4011 Features

The following are the main features of CD4011.

• Typical Operating Voltage = 5V
• Operating Temperature Range = - 55 C to + 125 C
• Low-Level Output Current = 1.5mA
• High-Level Output Current = - 1.5 mA

• Propagation Delay Time = 60 ns
• Dual Input NAND Gate – Quad Package
• Available Packages = 14-pin PDIP, GDIP, PDSO

CD4011 Truth Table

The following figure shows the truth table of CD4011. You can see from the truth table that the output of the device will only be LOW when both inputs of the device are HIGH, in other cases, it will be HIGH.

CD4011 Circuit Diagram

The CD4011 circuit diagram is shown in the figure below. You can see from the image above that this IC comes with four independent NAND gates. It carries 12 input-output pins available for four NAND gates. Power up the IC with VCC and Ground pins. The operating voltage of this device is 5V but it can also work at 7V.

CD4011 Equivalents

The following are the alternative to CD4011.

• SN54LS00
• SN74HC00

Before incorporating these alternatives into your project, double-check the pinout of the alternatives as the pinout of the CD4011 might differ from the pinout of the equivalents.

CD4011 Applications

The CD4011 chip is used in the following applications.

• Employed in portable Audio Docks
• Used in AV Receivers
• Used in MP3 Players or Recorders
• Applied in Home Theater
• Incorporated in Blu-Ray Players
• Employed in Personal Digital Assistants (PDAs)

That’s all for today. Hope you’ve got a brief insight into the Introduction to CD4011. If you have any questions, you can pop your comment in the section below. I’d love to help you the best way I can. You’re most welcome to share your feedback around the content we share so we keep sharing quality content tailored to your exact needs and requirements. Thank you for reading the post.

BSS123 N-Channel MOSFET Datasheet, Pinout, Features & Applications

Hi Guys! Hope you’re well today. Happy to see you around. In this post today, I’ll walk you through the Introduction to BSS123.

The BSS123 is an N-Channel Logic Level Enhancement Mode Field Effect Transistor that comes in surface mount package SOT-23. It is a rugged and reliable device that comes with a drain-source voltage of around 100V while the gate-source voltage is -+20V. It is mainly used in low voltage and low current applications like servo motor control and switching and amplification applications.

I suggest you buckle up as I’ll detail the complete Introduction to BSS123 covering datasheet, pinout, features, and applications. Let’s get started.

Introduction to BSS123

• The BSS123 is an N-Channel Logic Level Enhancement Mode Field Effect Transistor that comes in surface mount package SOT-23.
• This field-effect transistor is widely used in amplification and switching applications in a range of electronic devices.
• This is a three-terminal device with terminals named: gate, source, and drain. Sometimes, the body part is also considered as terminal, making it a four-terminal device.

• The drain current of this component is 170mA and it comes with a low threshold voltage of 1.7V.
• Know that the gate terminal is electrically insulated since it carries no current and is commonly called as Insulated Gate FET (IG-FET).

• There are two types of MOSFET i.e. N-channel MOSFET and P-channel MOSFET. This BSS123 chip falls under the category of N-channel MOSFET where electrons are the major charge carriers. In P-channel MOSFETs, holes are the major carrier.
• The movement of electrons is better than the movement of holes, so N-channel MOSFETs are better than P-channel MOSFETs and possess less resistance. The reason… with high loads the N-channel MOSFETs remain cool while P-channel MOSFET goes hot in the presence of high loads.
• The charge carriers (electrons in this case of N-channel MOSFET) enter the channel through the source terminal and leave the channel through the drain terminal.
• The gate terminal stands between the source and drain terminal and the voltage on the gate terminal controls the width of the channel.
• This N-channel MOSFET is commonly termed a transistor and is used in both digital and analog circuits.
• The operating temperature and storage junction temperature range of this device is -55C to 150C.
• The low on-state resistance makes this device the best pick for switching applications.
• The one drawback of this MOSFET is its low drain current. It offers a peak current of up to 1A at the maximum threshold voltage and a continuous current of 170mA.
• If you apply ratings more than the required absolute maximum ratings, it will damage the device.

BSS123 Datasheet

While working with this component in your electrical project, it’s wise to go through the datasheet of the component that features the main characteristics of the device. Click the link below to download the datasheet of BSS123.

BSS123 Pinout

The following figure represents the pinout diagram of BSS123. This MOSFET carries three terminals gate, source, and drain.

Pin Description of BSS123
Pin No.	Pin Description	Pin Name
1	Electrons enter the channel through Source	Source (S)
2	Controls the biasing of the MOSFET	Gate (G)
3	Electrons leave the channel through Drain	Drain (D)

BSS123 Features

The following are the main features of BSS123.

• The resistance between drain and source terminal RDS (on-state resistance) is 6? at gate-source voltage VGS of 10V and it’s 10? at VGS of 4.5V.
• High-density cell design leads to extremely low on-state resistance RDS (ON).
• Drain Source Voltage (VDS) is 100V
• This chip is rugged and reliable.
• Comes in a compact industry-standard SOT-23 surface-mount package.

• The gate threshold voltage (VGS-th) is 1.7V typically
• Continuous Drain Current (ID) is 170mA
• Turn ON and Turn off delay time is 1.7ns and 17ns respectively

BSS123 Applications

This MOSFET device is used in the following applications.

• Used in automotive electronics.
• Incorporated in low voltage low current applications.
• Used in servo motor control.
• Employed as switching devices in electronic control units.
• Used as power converters in modern electric vehicles.

That’s all for today. Hope you find this article helpful. If you have any questions, you can pop your comment in the section below, I’d love to help you the best way I can. Feel free to share your valuable feedback and suggestions around the content we share so we keep coming back with quality content tailored to your exact needs and requirements. Thank you for reading the article.

74LS74 Dual D Flip-Flop Datasheet, Pinout, Features & Applications

Hi Friends! Hope you’re well today. I welcome you on board. In this post today, I’ll describe the Introduction to 74LS74. 74LS74A flip-flop IC carries the Schottky TTL circuitry to generate high-speed D-type flip-flops. Every flip-flop in this chip comes with individual inputs, and also complementary Q and Q`(bar) outputs. Flip-Flops are normally considered as the basic building blocks of modern digital electronics. These flip-flops are used to store the binary data where stored data can be varied by applying the different inputs. I suggest you buckle up as in this post I’ll walk you through the complete introduction to 74LS74 covering datasheet, pinout, features, and applications. Let’s get started.

Introduction to 74LS74

• 74LS74A flip-flop IC carries the Schottky TTL circuitry to generate high-speed D-type flip-flops. Every flip-flop in this chip comes with individual inputs, and also complementary Q and Q`(bar) outputs.

• A flip-flop is a circuit that comes with two stable states and is mainly employed to store binary data.
• These flip-flops are widely used in communication systems and computers.

• The working of 74LS74 is simple and straight forward. In order to activate the chip, power the GND and Vcc pin of the chip. In this dual D flip-flop, each flip-flop works independently.
• To achieve the output at pins 5 and 6, you’ll need to use 1^st flip-flip by connecting the input signals 2 and 3. The clock source is produced using MCU or 555 timers and is provided to pin 3. When you keep pin 3 HIGH, it will reset the flip-flop and clear the data.

74LS74 Flip-Flop Table

You can get a hold of the working of this chip by observing the table below where X represents ‘don’t care’

74LS74 Datasheet

Before you incorporate this device into your electrical project, it’s wise to go through the datasheet of the component that features the main characteristics of the component. You can download the datasheet of 74LS74 by clicking the link below.

74LS74 Pinout

The following figure represents the pinout diagram of 74LS74. The following table shows the pin description of each pin incorporated on the chip.

Pin Description of 74LS74
Pin No. & Name	Description	Symbol
5,9 Output	Output Pin of the Flip Flop	1Q / 2Q
6,8 Complementary Output	The inverted output pin of Flip Flop	1Q’(bar) / 2Q’(bar)
3,11 Clock Input Pin	These pins should be provided with a clock pulse for the flip flop	1CLK / 2CLK
1,13 Clear data	Resets the flip flop by clearing its memory	1CLR (bar) / 2CLR (bar)
2,12 Data input pin	Input pin of the Flip Flop	1D /2D
4,10 PRE Input	Another Input pin for Flip Flop. Also referred to as a set pin	1PRE (bar) / 2PRE (bar)
7 Ground	Connected to the ground	Vss
14 Supply Voltage	Power Supply	Vdd/Vcc

74LS74 Features

The following are the main features of 74LS74.

• Low-Level Input Voltage maximum = 0.8V
• Operating Voltage range = 2V to 15V
• Operating Temperature range = 0 to 70°C
• Dual D Flip Flop Package IC

• High-Level Output Current = 8mA
• High-Level Input Voltage minimum = 2 V
• Propagation Delay = 40nS
• Available packages = 14-pin SO-14, SOT42

74LS74 Equivalents

The equivalents to 74LS74 are:

• HEF40312B
• 74LVC2G80

74LS74 Applications

• Buffer Circuits
• Latching devices
• Used as Shift Registers
• Sampling Circuits
• Memory/Control Registers

That’s all for today. Hope you find this article helpful. If you’re unsure or have any questions, you can approach me in the section below, I’d love to help you the best way I can. You are most welcome to share your valuable feedback and suggestions around the content we share so we keep coming back with quality content customized to your exact needs and requirements. Thank you for reading the post.

CD4035 Shift Register Datasheet, Pinout, Features & Applications

Hello Everyone! Hope you’re well today. Happy to see you around. In this post today, I’ll walk you through the Introduction to CD4035.

The CD4035 is a shift register that is mainly used in counters, control circuits, and registers. It contains clocked signal serial chip that is a four-stage register. Synchronous Parallel inputs are provided to each stage and serial inputs are offered to the first stage via JK logic.

I suggest you read this post all the way through as I’ll detail the complete introduction to CD4035 covering datasheet, pinout, features, alternatives, and applications. Let’s jump right in.

Introduction to CD4035

• The CD4035 is a shift register that is a 16-pin device and is mainly used in control circuits, counters, and registers.
•  It is a four-stage register that comes with synchronous parallel inputs provided to each stage and is available in 16-pin PDIP, GDIP, and PDSO packages.

• The CD4035 chip contains two 4-bit Parallel-In & Parallel-Out Shift Registers which project that it is used to receive (input) data parallel and can control 4 output pins in parallel.
• Simply put, it extracts data from four parallel inputs, and as a result, shifts them and then offers that data on four parallel outputs.
• It carries the clock input edge that is used for data shifting where data is shifted on every positive clock edge.

• This four-stage register stage comes with D Flip Flops in each stage that are connected with each other.
• This chip seems to be the right fit for the applications where microcontrollers don’t have enough GPIO pins to handle the number of outputs.
• Since this chip can operate as the data bit for LCD, CD4035 can be employed for interfacing LCD screens
• The frequency of this chip is 12MHz at Vdd = 10V and the propagation delay time is 500ns.
• While the operating voltage range is 3V to 18V and the operating temperature range is -55C to 125C.

CD4035 Datasheet

Before you integrate this component into your electrical project, it’s wise to go through the datasheet of the component that details the main characteristics of the device. Click the link below and download the datasheet of CD4035.

CD4035 Pinout

The following figure shows the pinout diagram of CD4035. The following table shows the pin number, name, and description of each pin incorporated on the chip.

Pin Description of CD4035
Pin No.	Pin Description	Pin Name
2	True/Complement Control pin which displays the complement of the data on the output when this pin is LOW	T/C (True/Complement)
3,4	Serial Inputs	J, ~k
5	This pin is used to reset the output values to 0.	R (Reset)
6	Clock input puls	C (Clock)
7	Parallel or serial control	P/S (Parallel/Serial Control)
8	Ground Pin	Vss
9,10,11,12	Parallel data inputs	Inputs PI-1 to PI-4
1,13,14,15	Outputs	Q0, Q1, Q2, Q3
16	Positive supply terminal	Vdd

CD4035 Features

The following are the main features of a CD4035 shift register.

• Operating Voltage range = 3V to 18V
• Operating Temperature Range = - 55 C to + 125 C
• Chip is a Dual 4-bit,  Parallel In – Parallel out Shift register
• Propagation Delay Time = 500 ns

• Frequency = 12 MHz (Typ.) at VDD = 10 V
• Available packages = 16-pin PDIP, GDIP, PDSO

CD4035 Alternatives

The following are the alternatives of CD4035.

• 4014
• 74LS379
• 74LS323
• 74LS166
• 74HC595
• 74LS164
• 74LS299

Before working with the alternatives, double-check the pinout of the alternatives, as the pinout of equivalents might differ from the pinout of CD4035.

CD4035 Applications

The following are the main applications of this four-stage shift register.

• Shift-left — shift right registers
• Counters, Registers
• Sequence generation
• Code conversion
• Serial-to-parallel/parallel-to-serial conversions
• Arithmetic-unit registers
• Control circuits

That was all about the Introduction to CD4035. If you’re unsure or have any questions, you can approach me in the section below. I’d love to help you the best way I can. Feel free to share your feedback around the content we share so we keep coming back with quality content customized to your exact needs and requirements. Thank you for reading the post.

TDA7294 Power Amplifier Datasheet, Pinout, Features & Applications

Hi Guys! Hope you’re well today. I welcome you on board. In this post today, I’ll walk you through the Introduction to TDA7294. TDA7294 is a monolithic class AB power-based audio amplifier that comes with a DMOS output stage. It is primarily used for the amplification of audio signals in Hi-Fi field applications containing self-powered loudspeakers. The fault protection circuitry used in this device protects against short circuits. I suggest you read this post all the way through, as I’ll detail the complete introduction to TDA7294 covering datasheet, pinout, features, and applications. Let’s get started.

Introduction to TDA7294

• TDA7294 is a monolithic class AB power-based audio amplifier that comes with a DMOS output stage.
• This device comes with a wide voltage supply range and can drive loads of 4V to 8V.

• This chip comes in multi-watt 15V and 15H packages and offers protection against thermal shutdown.
• It is widely used in the amplification of audio signals in Hi-Fi field applications.
• The high-power loudspeakers incorporate this chip for producing the perfect bass sound.
• You can attach this device with a heat sink and it is capable of generating an output power of around 100 watts.

• Producing audio signals with high efficiency and high power is the main goal of this amplifier.
• This chip comes with standby and mute functions with the main aim of removing the noises generated as a result of switching.

TDA7294 Datasheet

Before you incorporate this device into your project, it’s wise to have a look at the datasheet of the component that details the main characteristics of the device. Click the link below to download the datasheet of TDA7294.

TDA7294 Pinout

The following figure shows the pinout diagram of TDA7294.

TDA7294 Pin Description

Hope you’ve got a brief idea about this device. In this section, we’ll cover the pin description of each pin incorporated on the chip.

Pin - 01: Stand-by-GND

This is an output pin that is attached to the ground.

Pin - 02, 03: Inverting input, Non-inverting input

These are the audio amplifier input pins.

Pin - 04: SVR

SVR stands for supply voltage rejection pin that is mainly used to remove the noise from the output signal.

Pin - 05, 11, 12: NC

These are non-connected pins.

Pin - 06: Bootstrap

The bootstrap pin is mainly employed to boost the output swing with a capacitor attached to this pin.

Pin - 07, 08: -, +

We will attach these pins to the positive and negative leads of the voltage supply.

Pin - 09: Stand by

This pin is used to run output in a low current mode.

Pin - 10: Mute

It is mainly employed to disable the output signal.

Pin - 13: 15: -, + Power supply

These pins represent the power supply terminals.

Pin - 14: Out

This is an output pin that offers an amplified audio signal.

TDA7294 Features

The following are the main features of TDA7294.

• Contains high operating voltage range of +40V to -40V
• Low distortion and low noise.
• Comes with a DMOS output stage.

• The threshold voltage for Standby OFF is 3.5V and standby ON is 1.5V.
• High power output around 100W.
• Maximum peak output current = 10A.
• Features built-in protection circuitry against thermal shutdown and short circuit.
• Additional functions include mute and stand-by.
• Open-loop gain = 80dB.

TDA7294 Equivalents

The following are the equivalents to the TDA7294.

• TDA2030
• LM386
• LM3886
• LM4871
• TDA2040
• TDA7293
• TDA7295

While working with these equivalents, double-check the pinout of these alternatives, as the pinout of these alternatives might differ from the pinout of TDA7294.

TDA7294 Applications

TDA7294 is employed in the following applications:

• Radio & TV
• Self-powered loudspeakers
• Bridge circuits
• Subwoofers and home stereo systems

That’s all for today. Hope you’ve got a brief insight into the Introduction to TDA7294. If you’re unsure or have any questions, you can approach me in the section below, I’d love to help you the best way I can. Feel free to share your valuable feedback and suggestions around the content we share so we keep coming back with quality content tailored to your exact needs and requirements. Thank you for reading the article.

TDA2030 Audio Amplifier, Datasheet, Pinout, Features & Applications

Hi Folks! I welcome you on board. Happy to see you around. In this post today, I’ll detail the Introduction to TDA2030. This device incorporates a TDA2030 audio amplifier chip that produces 18 W output power with low harmonic distortion.

I suggest you read this post till the end as I’ll walk you through the complete Introduction to TDA2030 covering pinout, datasheet, features, and applications. Let’s get started.

Introduction to TDA2030

• TDA2030 is a monolithic integrated circuit that comes in a Pentawatt package, mainly used as a low-frequency class AB amplifier.
• The audio amplifier is a basic circuitry used to amplify the audio signal obtained through a device like a microphone.

• Audio amplifiers are widely used in scores of applications including Hi-fi devices, Radio wave transmitters, talking toys, Home audio systems, Robots, and as an acoustic weapon for military operation purposes.
• The main purpose of an amplifier is to convert an electrical signal into an acoustic signal. Any circuit containing an audio signal contains an audio amplifier at the output and the input.
• The TDA 2030 can generate 14W output power (d = 0.5%) at 14V/4O at ± 14V or 28V, producing output power 8W on an 8O and 12W on a 4O load.
• This module comes with a wide supply voltage range of up to 36V.
• It operates on the single or split power supply and protection circuitry against short circuits and offers thermal shutdown.

• The short circuit protection settings automatically limit the dissipated power, keeping the output transistor operating point within a secure operating range.
• The TDA2030 offers high output current and carries very low crossover and harmonic distortion.
• It also features onboard terminal blocks for speakers and an onboard power indicator which indicates the operation of this device when power is provided to this module.
• This device offers storage and junction temperature ranges of -40 to 150 C.
• The differential input voltage is +-15V and the output peak current is 3.5A and power dissipation is 20W.

TDA2030 Datasheet

Before you apply this device to your project, it’s wise to scan through the datasheet of the component that highlights the main characteristics of the component. Click the link below and download the datasheet of TDA2030.

TDA2030 Pinout

The following figure shows the pinout diagram of TDA2030.

TDA2030 Features

An audio amplifier is generally developed in such a way that it takes input as the low strength audio signal and as a result, produces the output signal comprising high strength value. The following are the main features of TDA2030.

• Contains On-board power indicator
• 18 W mono amplifier circuit design
• Short-circuit protection to ground
• Operating Voltage Range = 6 V to 12 V
• Single or split power supply

• Main pins are routed to a standard pin header
• On-board TDA2030A audio amplifier chip
• Comes with On-board 10K potentiometer for volume adjustment
• Features On-board terminal blocks for speaker
• Module Size = 32 x 24 mm
• Wide-range supply voltage, up to 36 V
• Thermal shutdown

TDA2030 Applications

The following are the main applications of TDA2030.

• Used in Hi-fi devices
• Radio wave transmitter contains an audio amplifier
• Employed in Talking toys
• Used in home audio systems and robots
• An acoustic weapon for military operations

That was all about the Introduction to TDA2030. Hope you find this article helpful. If you have any questions, you can pop your comment in the section below. I’d love to help you the best way I can. Feel free to share your valuable suggestions and feedback around the content we share so we keep producing quality content customized to your exact needs and requirements. Thank you for reading the post.

Master Slave JK Flip Flops in Proteus ISIS

Hey pals! I wish you are doing great. Welcome to a new lesson about the Digital Logic Circuits in The Engineering Projects. In the past tutorials, we Designed the Basic JK Flip Flop. Today, we'll talk about the following Points:

1. What are JK Flip Flops?
2. What are the Master Slave Flip Flops?
3. How does the Circuit of Master Slave Flip Flop looks?
4. How types of JK Flip Flop different from each other?
5. How does the simulation of Master JK Flip Flip take place in Proteus ISIS?

Moreover, we'll also learn some key concepts in DID YOU KNOW portions. Yet Let's recall some points about the topic.  Flip Flops are the building block of a huge number of electronic systems and devices. A Flip Flop is a Digital circuit that can take the bits as input, work with the bits, Store the bits and can output the bits. it has four basic types and at the moment we are discussing the JK Flip Flops.

DID YOU KNOW????????????

The basic JK Flip Flops face a condition where when both the Inputs are HIGH and the Clock remains HIGH for a long time, then the output of JK Flip Flop becomes uncertain and this situation is called Race around Condition in JK Flip Flops..

JK Flip Flops

As discussed in the Previous tutorial , we define the JK Flip Flops as:

"The JK Flip Flops are the Modification of Set-Reset Flip Flops that contain two outputs and are able to work with the Invalid Condition of Flip Flops."

There are mainly two types of JK Flip Flops:

1. Basic JK Flip Flops
2. Master Slave JK Flip Flops.

The main focus of this tutorial is Master JK Flip Flops so lets find what are they.

Master Slave JK Flip Flops

The Master Slave JK Flip Flops are considered better than Basic JK Flop and we define them as:

"Master Slave JK Flip Flop is two input two output sequential Logic Circuits that are the Combination of two Basic JK Flip Flops and  work well even in Race around Condition of JK Flip Flops."

In Master Slave JK Flip Flops there are two JK Flip Flops that are connected in series. The 1st JK Flip flop is called the "Master" circuit and the other is called the "Slave" circuit. The output of the Master Circuit is connected with the inputs of Slave circuits. At the same token, the output from the Slave Circuit are then fed into the input terminals of Master Circuit. The circuit also contain an Invertor that is Connected with the clock and slave circuit in such a way that the Slave circuit always contain the inverting clock signal as the master circuit. Hence when Master circuit get the clock HIGH, then the slave circuit get the LOW and vise Versa.

Difference of Basic JK Flip Flop and Master Slave JK Flip Flop

Both of the circuits belongs to the same family but they are different in many ways:

1. Basic JK Flip Flop contain only one circuit but Master Slave JK Flip Flop contains two.
2. The Basic JK Flip Flop have the Race around condition but Master Slave does not.
3. Basic JK Flip Flop is less complex than Master Slave JK Flip Flop.
4. Basic JK Flip Flop is less used than Master Slave JK Flip Flop.
5. Basic JK Flip Flop does not require any NOT Gate but Master JK Flip Flop use it.

Circuit of Master Slave JK Flip Flop

If we talk about the Circuit of the JK Flip Flop then it is always convenient to use the IC presented in Proteus ISIS. We'll show you the Circuit of Master Slave through ISIS but for the best concept and the working of the Circuit, we'll demonstrate the Logic Gate Circuit of Master Slave JK Flip Flop during the Simulation. Let's have a look at the circuit of Master Slave JK Flip Flop with IC:

DID YOU KNOW???????????

When the condition of Master Slave Flip Flop is J=1 and K=1 then the values at Q  and Q' remains change according to the flow of clock.

Working Mechanism of JK Flip Flops

It is important to understand how Master Slave Flip Flop works. When the clock Pulse is set to be high, the circuit of Slave is isolated. The Slave circuit remains isolated until the Clock is high. At this position, the J and K have an effect at the output of the whole circuit. When we set the J as LOW and S as HIGH. The output of Switch 4 (Look at the picture below) will goes to the 2nd Input of switch 6. In this Condition, the Slave circuit copies the Master circuit. Similarly, when you change the values of J and K then you will Get different outputs according to the condition of clock.

Simulation od Master Slave JK Flip Flop in Proteus ISIS

Fire up your Proteus Software.

Material Required

1. Three input NAND Gate
2. Two input NAND Gate
3. Logic Toggle
4. LED-RED
5. Ground Terminal
6. Connecting Wires

• Click the 'P" button and write NAND Gates, Logic Toggle, LED in the pop up window one after the other.
• Arrange 2 three input NAND Gates at the Working area vertically.
• Get 6 two input NAND Gate just according to the image given below:

• Set three Logic Toggles vertically, at the start of Three input NAND Gates.
• For the output device, use the Led and set them just after the last two NAND gates.
• Go to Ground Terminal from the side of Proteus screen and choose Ground Terminal.
• Set the Ground terminal just after the LEDs.
• Place the NOT Gate just below the Three inputs NAND Gates.
• Connect the whole system through wires as reported by the following picture:

NOTE: You can also use the CLOCK instead of the Logic toggles in the experiment but this was not suitable for the demonstration purpose for me.

• Change the values of the toggle J,K and CLK one after the other to check the outputs.

This is the required circuit. Truss today we saw what are the Flip Flops, what are the JK Flip Flops. We saw the types of JK Flip Flops and leaned how can we perform the Practical simulation of Master Slave JK Flip Flops.