The Engineering Projects

Introduction to 50N06

Hello friends! I hope you will be absolutely fine and having fun. Today, I am going to give you an elaboration about Introduction to 50N06. 50-N-06 is a device having three terminals named as gate, drain and source respectively. It is made up of silicon and is capable of current conduction up to 50A. I have already shared basic knowledge about different electronic devices in my previous articles like Introduction to MC34063, MMBD914, MSP430, NE555, NE556 and LM2902. Before going into the details of this article you must go through my previous tutorials for the better understanding. 50-N-06 provides fast switching speed. 50N06 is an N-channel power Metal Oxide Field Effect Transistor (MOSFET) specially designed to handle particular power levels. It uses the DMOS technology which is a double diffused metal oxide semiconductor. 50-N-06 has a lot of features. Its most common features include fast switching, low CRSS, very low gate charge, improved dv/dt capability, complete avalanche energy specified and many more. In the later part of this article I will specially keep focus on the basic knowledge about using this device including its pins information, actual image, pinout diagram, ratings, features, applications etc. The main purpose to design this device is fast switching applications which is its most important and common applications around the world. The further detail about the basics of 50-N-06 will be given later in this section.

Introduction to 50N06

50N06 is and N-channel power MOSFET. Power MOSFET is a device designed to handle a specific level of power. It is made up silicon having capability of conduction up to certain level as given above. It has three terminals gate, source and drain, their detail will be given later. 50-N-06 is based on DMOS technology. It has different features including low charge on gate, fast switching, specified avalanche energy and a lot others as well. 50-N-06 is given in the figure shown below.

1. 50N06 Pins

• It has total three pins, each is assigned with a different task to perform either separately or simultaneously.
• All of its pins are listed in the table given in the figure shown below.

 

2. 50N06 Pin Symbols

• Just for the sake of easiness, each pins is assigned with a symbol, which is the first letter of its name.
• The symbols assigned to each of the three pins are provided in the table given in the figure shown below.

3. 50N06 Symbolic Form

• Symbolic representation of a device shows the internal circuit through a simple symbol.
• 50-N-06 symbolic form is given in the figure shown below.

4. 50N06 Pinout

• The most important thing to know about an electronic device is it pins configuration.
• We can not properly use any device until we don't know about its proper pins configuration.
• Pins configuration can be understood by the pinout diagram of the particular device.
• I have already shared pinout diagrams of other IC's in my previous tutorials e.g. Introduction to PC817, PIC12C508, TL072, TL081, TL431 and TL494, you must have a look at these articles.
• 50-N-06 pinout diagram is given in the figure shown below.

• You can see in the above figure, I have provided the animation of 50-N-06, its real image as well as its symbolic form.
• This all will be quite helpful to understand its pins configuration.

5. 50N06 Ratings

• To turn ON any electronic device, there is a need of external power supply.
•  It is compulsory to know about the power requirements of a specific device for the specific purpose.
• We can estimate the power requirements of any device through its ratings manual.
• 50-N-06 ratings are listed in the table shown in the figure given below.

6. 50N06 Features

• Features of a device play a vital role in making that device popular among its competitors.
• If a product has unique and amazing features, that could be one of the top products of today's market.
• 50-N-06 features are provided in the table given in the figure shown below.

7. 50N06 Applications

• There are a lot real life applications associated with 50-N-06,
• Fast switching is the most common applications.
• Moreover, the other applications are listed in the table shown in the figure given below.

In the article Introduction to 50N06, I have provided the complete and detailed discussion on the basic applications of 50-N-06, it pin configurations, features, applications etc. I hope you have enjoyed the tutorial. If you found something missing in this tutorial, please let me know as soon as possible, so that I can immediately update it in order to avoid any future inconvenience. If you have any problems/issues, you can ask us in comments. Our team is always there to help you. I will share other interesting and informative topic in my later tutorials. Till then take care and bye :)

Introduction to SG3524

Hello friends! I hope you will be absolutely fine and having fun. Today, I will give you an elaboration on Introduction to SG3524. I have already shared articles on Introduction to 74HC245, 74HC595, CD4051, L293D, L298, LF351 and LF411. You should also go through all of these tutorials in order to have a better understanding. SG 3524 consists of all the important functions necessary to design inverters. Moreover, using SG-3524 we can also design regulation power supplies as well as switching regulators. This all design is based on a single chip. High power applications can also be controlled through this device. SG-3524 is especially designed for voltage doublers without transformers, transformer coupled DC to DC converters. Their design was also related to work for switching regulators as well as polarity converters. This was the brief discussion about this Integrated Circuit (IC). Now, I am going to discuss about its different parameters including its features and applications. SG-3524 has a lot of amazing features e.g. 8mA stand-by current, a complete power control circuitry for Pulse Width Modulation (PWM), No committed output for push pull applications as well as for single ended applications and many more. SG 3524 ha several different real life applications. Its applications include transformer coupled DC to DC converters, switching regulators of either polarity, regulating power supply, transformer less voltage doublers, PWM techniques and a lot more. The further detail about the basics of SG-3524 IC will be given later in this artice.

Introduction to SG3524

SG3524 is an integrated circuit having all the desired functions which are required to design dual polarity converters. It can also be used to design transformer coupled DC to DC converters as well as transformer less voltage doublers, It has a complete power control circuitry for PWM, which is its unique and special feature. It provides uncommitted output for single ended and push pull applications. Its major application area includes switching regulators having any polarity and transformer coupled DC-DC converters. SG-3524 is given in the figure shown below.

1. SG3524 Pins

• SG-3524 has total sixteen (16) pins having separate individual function.
• Its all sixteen pins along with their serial number, are listed in the table given in the figure shown below.

2. SG3524 Pins Description

• Since different function is associated with each of the single pins.
• We must have to understand function associated with each pin.
• SG-3524 pin descriptions/functions are provided in the table shown in the figure below.

3. SG3524 Packages

• Packages basically show the different models/versions of the same device.
• SG-3524 has three different packages, all are listed in the table shown in the figure given below.

4. SG3524 Packages Dimensions

• Each package is assigned with a different dimension in order differentiate them properly.
• Dimensions of all the packages are provided in the table given in the figure shown below.

5. SG3524 Pinout

• Pinout diagram tells us about the proper and detailed pin configuration of any electronic device.
• I have already shared pinout diagram in my previous tutorials e.g. Introduction to LM117, LM224, LM258, LM311, LM348, LM358 and LM380, you must have a look on all these.
• SG-3524 pinout diagram is given in the figure shown below.

6. SG3524 Logical Diagram

• Logic diagram of a device shows the internal logic followed by that device to perform any action.
• SG-3524 logical diagram is given in the figure shown below.

7. SG3524 Ratings

• Ratings show the power requirements of any electronic device.
• SG-3524 ratings are given in the table shown in the figure below.

8. SG3524 Features

• Features are such parameters which can make a device more popular.
• SG-3524 features are listed in the table given in the figure shown below.

9. SG3524 Applications

• SG-3524 has a wide range of real life applications.
• Few of the major applications of this device are provided in the table shown in the figure given below.

In the tutorial Introduction to SG3524, I have elaborated all the basic information about the use of SG-3524. I hope you have enjoyed this tutorial and waiting for your appreciation ;) If anything is missing in this article, please let me know so that I can immediately update it correspondingly. If you have any problem/issue, you can ask us in comments anytime. I will share other informative topics in my upcoming tutorials. So, take care and bye till my upcoming tutorial :)

IRFZ44N Datasheet, Pinout, Features, Equivalents & Applications

Hello everyone! I hope you all will be absolutely fine and having fun. Today, I am going to provide you a detailed Introduction to IRFZ44N.  IRFZ44N belongs to the family of Metal Oxide Semiconductor Field Effect Transistor (MOSFET). It is a power MOSFET. There are two types of MOSFET i.e. N-channel and P-channel. IRF-Z44N belongs to the N-channel family. It uses "Trench" technology and is enveloped in a plastic structure. It has very low on state resistance. It has zener diode, which provides ESD protection up to 2 kilo-volt. It is a low cost device and provides higher efficiency. It is easily available in the market these days and is mostly known because of its vast applications. IRF-Z44N has modern features i.e. advance processing technology, ultra low on resistance, dynamic rating, avalanche rated completely, quick switching process and many more. It has a wide range of real life applications including full bridge, push pull applications, consumer full bridge and a lot more. Let's discuss it in detail:

Introduction to IRFZ44N

• IRFZ44N belongs to the family of  N-channel Power MOSFETs, covered in plastic body and uses "Trench" technology.
• Similar to other transistors, IRFZ44N pinout has three terminals named as Gate, Drain and Source. They are denoted by the alphabets G, D and S respectively.
• Its features include very low on state resistance, high speed processing technology, completely avalanche rated etc.
• Push pull systems and full bridge are few of its real life applications.
• You should also have a look at its Characteristic Curves in Proteus ISIS.
• IRF-Z44N is given in the figure on right side.

IRFZ44N Pinout

• Pin configuration of any device can be understood through its pinout diagram.
• IRFZ44N Pinout consists of three (3) pins having different individual functions.
• IRFZ44N Pinout along with their symbols are shown as follows:

Pin No.	Pin Name	Pin Symbol
1	Gate	G
2	Drain	D
3	Source	S

IRFZ44N Datasheet

• You should download IRFZ44N datasheet, if you want the in-depth study on this mosfet.
• Here's the link to IRFZ44N datasheet:

IRFZ44N Ratings

• Before using any electronic device its power requirements must be known.
• These power requirements can be known through its ratings.
• IRF-Z44N ratings are listed in the table given in the figure shown below.

IRFZ44N Features

• Features are such parameters which can make a device more and more popular.
• IRF-Z44N major features are listed in the table given in the figure shown below.

IRFZ44N Applications

• Most of the devices are usually known on the basis of their applications.
• IRF-Z44N real life applications are provided in the table shown in the figure given below.

That is all from the tutorial Introduction to IRFZ44N. I have provided all the basic knowledge of IRF-Z44N. I hope you have enjoyed the tutorial and will appreciate my work. If you feel that there is something missing in this tutorial, please let me know as early as possible, so that I can update it in order to avoid any future inconvenience. If you have any problem regarding any engineering related issue, you can ask us in comments anytime. Our team is 24/7 available for your support. I will share different interesting topics in my upcoming tutorials. So, till then take care and bye bye :)

Introduction to 75N75

Hello friends! I hope you will be absolutely fine and having fun. Today, I will give you a detailed discussion about Introduction to 75N75. I have also shared different articles on Introduction to 2N3904, 2N3906, BC547, C945 and IRF540. You must go through all of these articles for the better understanding of this tutorial. 75-N75 is basically a Metal Oxide Field Effect Transistor (MOSFET). MOSFET is a transistor which is frequently used in electronic devices for the amplification and fast switching purposes. MOSFET consists of four different terminals. These terminals include body terminal, source, drain and gain respectively. There two different type of transistors i.e. P-channel transistor and N-channel transistor. 75N-75 is N-channel MOSFET. It is designed specially to reduce gate charge and input capacitance. Mostly it is used for fast switching purposes. Therefore, in telecommunication and computer industry we can use it as a primary switch in DC to DC converters with a high frequency. It has several different features including fast switching applications, low gate charge, very low reverse transfer capacitance, high ruggedness and a lot more. It has a lot of real life applications including fast switching devices as well as General Purpose (GP) amplifiers. The further detail about the basics of 75 N75 and its features & applications will be given later in this tutorial.

Introduction to 75N75

75N75 is basically a N-channel Metal Oxide Field Effect Transistor (MOSFET). It is mostly used in switching applications. It is a low cost device with higher efficiency and is easily available in the market. This device has three basic terminals or pins named as sourc, drain and gate. Source is denoted by S, drain is denoted by D and the gate is denoted by G. Its is designed in such a way that it reduces the gate charge and input capacitance. It major applications include fast switching and general purpose amplifiers. 75-N75 is given in the figure shown below.

1. 75N75 Pins

• This transistor has three (3) pins in total.
• Each pin is having different functions to perform.
• All of the three pins along with their names are listed in the table given in the figure shown below.

2. 75N75 Pin Symbols

• Different symbol is assigned to each pin on the basis of the first letter of its name.
• All the symbol corresponding to their names are provided in the table shown in the figure given below.

3. 75N75 Symbolic Respresntation

• Symbolic representation of any electronic device helps us to better understand the internal functions of that particular device.
• Symbolic representation of 75-N75 is given in the figure shown below.

4. 75N75 Pinout

• For having better understanding about the pin configuration of any electronic device, we must have a look at its pinout diagram.
• I have already shared pinout diagram of other IC's in previous tutorials e.g. Introduction to LM117, LM317, LM318, LM339, LM324, LM335 and LM348.
• Pinout diagram of the transistor 75N 75 is shown in the figure given below.

 

• You can see, in the above figure I have provided 75N75 animation, its symbolic duagram as well as its original structure in order to get better understanding.

 

5. 75N75 Ratings

• It is compulsory to know about the power requirements of an electronic device while using it, for its appropriate functions.
• Ratings are helpful in telling us about the power requirements of any device.
• 75 N75 ratings are listed in the table given in the figure shown below.

6. 75N75 Features

• Features of any device are its key parameters which can make a device more popular on the basis of uniqueness.
• Different features associated with 75 N75 are provided in the table given in the figure shown below.

7. 75N75 Applications

• Most of the electronic devices are famous in the market on the basis of their real life applications.
• So, we can say applications along with the features also play a vital role in the popularity of any electronic device.
• Applications associated with 75-N-75 are listed in the table shown in the figure given below.

• These were the few of its real life applications given in the above table.
• I have personally used 75-N-75 MOSFET in stepper motor driver, while designing my robotic lawnmower.
• Stepper motor driver is given in the figure shown below.

• My robotic lawnmower along with this stepper motor driver is also given in the figure shown below.

That is all from the tutorial Introduction to 75N75. I have provided all the basic and necessary details about the use of 75N-75 MOSFET. I have provided its pin details, their symbols, features, applications, symbolic diagram etc. I hope you have enjoyed the tutorial and it will be a helpful information for you all. If you have any sort of problem, you can ask us in comments anytime you want. Our team is always available for solving your issues. I will also share articles on other IC's as well in my upcoming tutorials. Till my next tutorial, take care and bye :)

Gtech Discount Code Makes Gtech Airram Mk2 Affordable

This article is a review of Gtech’s AirRam Mk2, including new features, innovations, options, prices and Gtech voucher codes!

What is the Gtech AirRam Mk2?

The Gtech AirRam vacuum came into the market in 2012. At the time, there was nothing like it. The Daily Mail called it the Swiss Knife of vacuum cleaners. The cleaning appliance bore the physical profile of an upright cylinder vacuum cleaner. And yet, it was also cordless and very portable, like a stick vacuum. At that time, it sold at £149 and thanks to 10% off Gtech coupon it was considerably cheaper than Dyson’s equivalent. Today, we have the Gtech AirRam Mk2, a profound improvement on its ground breaking Gtech AirRam sibling. Among the upgrades on this unit is a better bin, an improved suction system, and headlights. But like its predecessor, the Gtech AirRam Mk2 will not replace your regular vacuum. Nevertheless, it will make a one-of-a-kind alternative vacuum cleaner.

Gtech AirRam Mk2 – Design

Most vacuum cleaner brands will either make an upright vacuum or a hand-held vacuum. But AirRam Mk2 is a clever blend of the two designs. Still, the AirRam Mk2 is more of an upright vacuum cleaner than anything else. However, it is much lighter that most vacuums in this category with its 3.5 kg weight. But unlike a typical upright vacuum, it has no cylinder. It does not have tools or attachments either. Even more intriguingly, this gadget is not really a vacuum cleaner – it has no vacuum. It does its thing using motorized brush bars that loosen the dirt. This dirt is then sucked into the bin using a fan. Speaking of which, the bin is uniquely designed. Because of its dirt compression feature, it can hold 2.4 litres of dust and debris, despite its 0.8-litre capacity. This bin also takes up a quarter of the space in the base unit. Now, this incredible machine at less than £200 is affordable by any household. You can get it even cheaper than that with a valid Gtech promo code.

Should you buy the Gtech AirRam Mk2

The Gtech AirRam Mk2 is certainly not the most versatile of cleaning machines. But it does excel at one thing – getting dirt off most floors. That is its undeniable selling point. True, the Gtech AirRam Mk2 will not make your regular vacuum obsolete. However, it will do an incredible job of supplementing its cleaning abilities.

Manoeuvrability

The cleaner is highly manoeuvrable. In fact, it can move forward on its own, thanks to its powerful motorized brush. This also means that pushing the unit around will be a bliss. Otherwise, the unit moves with the help of four wheels. Due to the AirLOC technology on this unit, the unit will also automatically resist backward movement. With its battery power, the unit can provide 40 minutes of operation. Charging takes 4 hours, and there are LED indicators showing battery capacity. The headlights are very helpful in helping identify dirt you would otherwise miss. The Mk2 has a telegraphic pole with two handles – one for carrying, and the other pushing the unit around. Finally, this is a high quality appliance, it even comes with a two-year guarantee.

Electrocardiogram(ECG): Definition, Test, Signal Read & Diagnose

Hello friends! I hope you are doing well. Today, I will give you a detailed overview of the Electrocardiogram, abbreviated as ECG or EKG. An electrocardiogram is a biological test used to convert the activities of the heart into electrical signals, and these signals are then read by specialized surgeons to predict heart conditions. In simple words, ECG is used to record the rhythm of the heart activity on a moving strip of paper. Related doctors are able to read the spikes and dips on the paper and can decide, whether the heart is in normal condition or not. These spikes or dips are usually known as waves.

As we know, the heart is a muscular pump consisting of 4 chambers. There are two lower chambers and two upper chambers. Lower chambers are known as ventricles, whereas the upper chambers are known as atria.

What is ECG?

In this section of the tutorial introduction to ECG, we will keep our focus on the basics of ECG, its testing methods, diseases which can be detected through ECG signal. First of all I will elaborate about the ECG that what is it. Then I will move forward to wards its measuring methods and then towards the diseases which can be detected through an ECG signal. So the discussion about ECG is given below.

• ECG is abbreviated from the word Electrocardiogram. 
• Sometimes, ECG is also known as EKG.
• ECG is a medical test which tells us about the electrical activities of our heart.
• Based on these electrical activities we can say that our heart is working properly or not.
• ECG records the heart activities on a moving strip of paper.
• Related doctors can read the spikes and dips on that paper.
• These spikes or dips are usually known as waves.
• On the basis of these waves doctors can determine which part of the heart is overworked or damaged.
• This was the brief introduction to ECG.

When ECG is needed?

• ECG test is not necessary in daily routine for those people who do not have any risk related to heart's disease e.g. chest pain.
• Those must have their ECG test who have risk factors for heart's abnormality e.g. high blood pressure or other symptoms associated with heart diseases including breath shortness, chest pain, irregular heart pain.
•  If someone has family issue of heart disease, he/she must have their ECG tests regularly.
• ECG requirement for different situation is given in the figure shown below.

Is ECG Harmful?

• This section will tell you that whether ECG test is harmful for us or not and hows is it painful.
• ECG test is not harmful because ECG machine does not send electricity into the body and just records ECG.
• There is not any pain or risk while having ECG test.
• Yes, when the ECG stickers are removed from the body, it may be some uncomfortable for a person.

Why an ECG is Performed?

• ECG test is done to check the following things in the human body.
• To check electrical activity of heart (how fast the heart is beating).
• To check the reasons of sudden chest pain.
• Find the reasons of sudden shortness of breath and abnormal heart beat.
• Find the thickness of heart's wall chamber.
• To check how the well the particular medicines are working and whether they have their side effects on heart or not.
• In presence of different diseases, checking the health of heart.

How to read ECG signals?

• Through an ECG test we can check the following conditions associated with the heart.
• Thick heart's muscle, or any other part of the heart which has become big.
• Abnormalities in heartbeat, i.e. it could be more fast, very slow or there could be some irregularities in it.
• By birth defects in heart.
• If heart is not pumping forcefully now.
• Coronory heart disease i.e. blood is not flowing properly to the heart.
• Heart valves disease i.e. heart's valves are not performing well.
• If a person had an heart attack in his/her past.
• If there is any enlargement on one side of the heart.
• Abnormalities in the rythms of heart.

How an ECG is Performed?

In this section of the tutorial introduction to ECG,s I will tell you about the different methods normally used for an ECG test. Basically an ECG test is carried out in three different ways as explained below. ECG calculation procedure is given in the figure shown below.

1. Resting ECG

• Resting ECG is the first method of performing an ECG test, it basically consists of some rest.
• In this method doctor checks out the performance of your heart when your are at rest.
• In this method, while measuring an ECG doctor suggests you to relax or lay down.
• So, its a brief description about resting ECG test.
• Resting ECG visualization is given in the figure shown below.

2. Exercise ECG

• This is the second method for performing an ECG test.
• In this method, doctor checks the performance of your heart when you are doing some activity.
• Your heart beat is recorded when you are doing some exercise e.g. cycling.
• So, its the description about performing an exercise ECG.
• Exercise ECG is shown in the figure given below.

3. 24 Hour ECG

• This is another method of performing an ECG test.
• Sometimes the patient's situation could be critical.
• There is a need of measuring his/her ECG throughout the whole day.
• In this case small ECG stickers are placed on the patient's body.
• Sometimes you need to wear small ECG machine.
• Doctor records the reading from the machine, when you return it.

4. 24 Things to be Done before ECG

• There are certain things that should be kept in mind before performing an ECG test.
• If you doctor is doing resting ECG then there is nothing important to do before that.
• If you are having exercise ECG, you should wear comfortable shoes and clothes so that exercise can be done properly.
• You are also not allowed to eat meat or drinks 2 hours before this test.
• These are few of the important steps that one should keep in mind while having an ECG test.

5. How to Reduce Risks of Heart Diseases

• There are certain things to reduce the risks as given below.
• Avoid smoking
• Try to be physically active
• Diabetes proper management
• Reduce alcohol use
• Control your blood cholestrol
• Reduce mental stress or tensions
• Controlling your blood pressure

In the tutorial Introduction to ECG, I have explained the entire basics of ECG test. It included the ECG types, its detection methods, why it is done and what can it show? I hope you have enjoyed the tutorial and it proved to be an interesting for you guys. I am also waiting for your appreciation ;) I have tried my level best to provide all the basic information about ECG. If you found something missing, please let me know so that I can upload this tutorial accordingly in order to avoid the future inconvenience. If you have any issue, you can ask us in comments anytime without even feeling any kind of hesitation. I and my team is always available to help you and to entertain you. We will try our best to sort out your problems. I will share further interesting and informative topics in my upcoming tutorials. Till my next tutorial, take care and bye.

How to Design an Engineering Product

Hello everyone! I hope you all will be absolutely fine and having fun. Today, I will tell you the key steps about How to Design an Engineering Product. In this tutorial you will learn almost all the necessary steps to be taken while launching an engineering product. They very basic and the most important thing before launching any product, is the idea to be selected for the product designing. The selected idea plays a vital role in the product designing. The idea could be anything, like it is not restricted to either only software products or the hardware products. It could be software, hardware or a combination of both as well. But the uniqueness and something new in the idea results in the popularity of launched product. Most of the engineers want to do their jobs in the related departments. But some of them are willing to launch their different kinds of business including engineering product designing, even by taking taking different sort of risks and act as an entrepreneur too. The engineers who design different products for the any industry are usually known as industrial designers. Industrial designers are in a high demand in the market these days, due to the customers latest technology demand and innovation. Engineering products are totally dependent on the imagination of the industrial designer. Engineering product could be any tool which is helpful in industrial work. Online help is also available for designing and engineering product in the form of articles, research papers, magazines. They are helpful for you from the designing phase to the manufacturing phase. Online videos are also available to help them in designing the industrial engineering products. The further detail about the design of engineering product will be given later in this tutorial.

1. How to Design an Engineering Product

Basically there two types of engineers. Most of them are willing to do their jobs in different industries. While some of them wan to start their business including designing engineering products. The engineers who design engineering product for the different industries are known in the market as industrial designers. All the engineering products depend upon the ideas. One unique idea results in the popularity of designer as well the industry. Different engineering products are shown in the figure given below.

1. Helpful Sources for Engineering Product Designers

• There are several different helpful resources for the designers.
• They help them from the designing phase to the manufacturing phase.
• Some of them are provided in the table given in the figure shown below.

2. Key points for the Growth of Industrial Designs

• They points for engineering industrial design is given in the figure shown below.

 

2. Key points for Successful Product Design

In this section we will learn abut the points that are necessary for launching a successful product design. The detailed description is given below.

1. Important Points

• There are some key points told by the senior experts industrial designers for the successful product designing techniques.
• By following these steps properly there is a lot probability that you will be able to design and launch a successful product.
• These keys points are listed in the table given in the figure shown below.

• These are the few important points that should be kept in mind while designing any industrial or engineering product.
• The description about each point is given below.

2. Easily Understandable Idea

• The idea for launching an engineering product should be simple.
• Idea should be such that even a lay man can easily understand it.
• Moreover depending upon the audience, we should use the related terminology, so that everyone can understand our idea.
• Of course, if the idea is easy to understand, it will be more beneficial for the person as well as the industry launching that product.
• So, we can conclude that the nature of the idea chosen, plays a vital role in the fame of industry or a person.

3. Excellent Presentation Plan

• If the idea is presented in a well manner, more people will show their interest in that idea.
• Well presented plays a vital role in the sale of a particular product.
• Sometimes, the products are extremely good but a person does not able to present it in an excellent way.
• So, due to this problem most of the people do not show their interest in that idea.
• It could be possible that the same product become more popular if a person presents it in an excellent manner.
• So, the conclusion is, the product should be presented well.

4. Attracting/Excellent External Look

• The external look is also very important parameter in the popularity of any product.
• If a device has good features but its external look is not good, most of the people will not show attraction towards that product.
• If a product has an excellent external look even if it has not excellent features even then most of the people will show their interest.
• So, external look of a device matters  lot.
• It becomes very difficult to design an external look first and arrange all the other equipment inside it properly.
• Now, its very easy to do all that, after making your entire internal system, you need to just give the dimensions and you external casing will be ready.
• A very famous website www.electronicase.co.uk, provides you this type of facility.
• They make the external plastic enclosures of any shape and size.
• You need to just provide your dimensions and your good looking plastic enclosures will be ready just within 5 days.
• We have also placed our orders at this website for the design of different product's plastic enclosures and had an excellent experience.
• Some plastic enclosures designed by this website are shown in the figure given below.

• This is a very supportive website specially for engineering products.

5. Cost Efficiency

• Cost efficiency is also an important factor for the popularity of any product.
• If the device is efficient and is available at low price, more people will be willing to use that product.
• The product with a higher cost can not attract more people towards it.

3. Categories of Engineering Products/Projects

In this section I' will tell you about the types into which engineering products can be divided. There are basically the three major types of engineering products as given and explained below.

1. Types of Products

• The engineering products or projects can be categorized in three different ways.
• The three categories of engineering products are listed in the table shown in the figure below.

2. Software Products/Projects

• Software products are basically the products.projects that are only designed on the software and there is no need of any kind of hardware
• For example, in medical department we can design we can design a project for diagnosis of heart disease using ECG signal.
• In other fields, we can design software based travelling management system, library management system, finger print based security system are the examples of software based engineering product or projects.

3. Hardware Products/Projects

• Hardware products include the projects/products with only a mechanical structure and there is no need of any software to control that structure.
• Standard lawnmowers, oil furnaces, vehicles are the examples of hardware products.

4. Software + Hardware Products/Projects

• Software + hardware products are the products which require both hardware and software for the proper operations.
• Robots, embedded products, home automation system, security system, boilers are the examples of software + hardware products.

• The screenshot of the different engineering products is given in the figure shown below.

• You can see different engineering related products in the above figure.

5. Project/Product Management Tool

• Primavera provides us the prgram management software tool.
• This tool is for architecture and engineering industrial departments.
• It provides the facilities like measuring the progress consecutively and it improves the team collaboration.
• It can handle large scale projects, and is capable of organizing more than 100,000 activities with unlimited resources.
• It can also handle the unlimited numbers of targeted plans.
• The Primavera screenshot while handling projects is given in the figure shown below.

In the tutorial How to Design an Engineering Product, I have provided a detailed description about designing an engineering industrial products. I hope you have enjoyed the tutorial and you will appreciate my efforts. If you have any sort of problem you can ask us in comments anytime without even feeling any kind of hesitation. We will try our best to solve your problems. Our team is always available to entertain you. I will share further informative topics in my upcoming tutorials. Till my next tutorial, take care and bye :)

Students Stress: How to Deal with That?

Student life might seem carefree and fun to everyone, but students. In reality, there are so many things for young people to worry about. Future career, assignments, exams, money, part-time jobs, internship, and love life – all these can get pretty overwhelming. Ironically, straight-A students are usually more vulnerable to stress than others. It's like the harder you try and the better you get, the more stressful your life becomes. To maintain peace of mind and prevent burnout, you should learn how to deal with stress. We offer you some effective and simple tips to help you stay on the positive side of life.

Physical Exercises

Regular physical exercises help to reduce stress and improve the quality of your life in general. When you train, your body produces hormones: endorphin and serotonin. These hormones are responsible for the feeling of happiness and satisfaction. For your body to start producing them, the intensity of exercises should slightly exceed the average level. In other words, they should be challenging. An hour of such exercises two or three times a week can significantly elevate your mood. But avoid overtraining. If you exhaust yourself, your body will protest by weakening the immune system. Select a sport that best suits your temper and physical condition. If you feel like you need to blow off some steam, you may opt for boxing or martial arts. If you're looking for something relaxing, try yoga, Pilates or swimming. For those who want to free their minds and burn calories in the meantime, running is the best option. Team sports will help you dive into a different world and forget about problems for a period of your training. If you're not sure what to choose, hit the gym and work out on machines.

Prioritizing and Time Management

Obviously, you cannot grasp all the opportunities that life offers you. You have only a limited amount of time at hand. Your success depends on the way you manage it. Proper time management starts with prioritizing your goals and tasks. Here is a nice instrument that can help you plan your time. All the assignments can be divided into four categories:

1. important and urgent;
2. important and not urgent;
3. urgent and unimportant;
4. unimportant and not urgent.

Tasks from the first category are sources of stress. You should minimize their amount. Tasks from the fourth group are time killers. You should avoid them or manage them last. The third category is the tricky one. Due to their urgency, some things might seem crucial, but after a close inspection, you will see that they are not. Thus, when it comes to prioritizing, make sure they do not divert you from the second category tasks. It is a group you need to pay close attention to. Plan your time based on thorough management of important and not urgent tasks. Writing research papers, studying for exams, planning your career, working on your CV are examples of such tasks. Make sure you devote enough time to them. Otherwise, they will shift to the first category and get you into trouble!

Manage Your Workload

It is the continuation of the previous tip. You should not take on more responsibilities than you can handle. You don't have to participate in every conference, take on all the extra credit work or join every club. But even if you prioritize your tasks wisely, you can still get overwhelmed. Sometimes you might discover yourself unable to cope with all the pending tasks. Don't be afraid to ask for help. Your parents, friends, teachers, and mentors can assist you if needed. Moreover, numerous professional services can help you with various assignments. For instance, you may find some useful tips on how to write a popular academic paper called a case study in this post.

Loosen the Grip of Perfectionism

This advice sounds the simplest, but indeed is the hardest to follow. Perfectionism can be good and useful. It stimulates you to do your best and achieve outstanding results. On the other hand, if you take it too seriously, it can ruin your life. Constantly striving for excellence results in stress and deep frustration in case of failures. You should accept the fact that you don't have to be perfect. Focus on several fundamental aspects of your life and let go of the others. Allow yourself little innocent imperfections and weaknesses. Forgive your mistakes and failures. You will see how much more enjoyable your life can be.

Meditation

It is a rather complicated practice that takes years to master. But you can always try a simplified version of it, which is rather effective. All you need is 10 to 20 minutes of spare time, a quiet place and relaxing music. Assume a comfortable position, close your eyes and try to free your mind. Let your thoughts flow through your head, but don't dwell on them. Concentrate on your breath and relax your muscles. Breathe deeply so that your body gets oxygenated properly. Good meditation has both emotional and physical effects. On the one hand, silence and relaxation help you calm down. On the contrary, more oxygen makes your body and brain work efficiently.  It is worth trying!

Stop Multitasking

Multitasking has recently become a synonym of effectiveness. If you can complete several tasks simultaneously, you seem very productive and almost all-powerful. In spite of the allurement of such a perspective, there is the other side of the medal. Multitasking generates stress. You might not notice it at once, but it will keep growing inside of you. At some point in time, you will discover tiredness, lack of concentration and loss of enthusiasm. Then you should revise your habits. In fact, multitasking is not always conditioned by the need. Very often we do it just because we are used to it, or because everybody is doing so, and we don't want to seem lazy by contrast. Therefore, try focusing on one job in a single period and see how your life improves. And last, but not least, have fun without feeling guilty. We all need to relax both physically and emotionally. Sometimes you might find it hard to do because you have so many things to worry about. But the youth is the time for us to live our lives to the fullest. Remember, all work and no play make Jack a dull boy. Excuse yourself from responsibilities every once in a while and just have fun. After all, this is how you are going to remember your student life!

Servo Motor Control using myRIO

Hello everyone! I hope you all will be absolutely fine and having fun. Today, I would like to provide a complete discussion on Servo Motor Control using myRIO. In this tutorial I will tell you about the control of a servo motor using NI myRIO. First of all, I will give you a brief introduction on servo motors and then we will proceed towards their interfacing with myRIO. Servo motor is an electronic device with a small output shaft. This shaft can be adjusted at different angles for the different purposes. We can adjust this shaft by sending a signal usually known as servo coded signal. Servo motor is able maintain a particular angle as long as it has the servo coded signal at its input. Servo motor changes the angular position of its shaft with every change in the servo coded signal applied at its input. I have already designed and shared Servo Motor Control in Proteus. If you are using the servo motor for the first time then you must go through this tutorial. This design is always helpful to the beginners. In my previous tutorial I have controlled DC motor using NI myRIO. DC motor is a simple device having two input terminals. We just have to supply voltage at its terminals and it starts rotating in either direction depending upon the polarity of the applied voltage. Whereas, servo motor has three input terminals, two terminals are for the power supply and one is for sending servo coded signal to rotate at specific angle and in specific direction as well. If some electrical projects require some mobile (move able/not static) tasks, servo motor will be the better option. It is easily available in the market and has a low cost. There are a lot of real life applications associated with servo motors. For example, robotics, elevators, air crafts, remote controlled appliances, vehicles, solar tracking system, automated baby cradle system, conveyor belts system and a lot more. The further detail about servo motor control using myRIO will be given later in this tutorial.

Servo Motor Control using myRIO

Servo Motor is a device with a small output shaft. It has three input terminals. Two terminals are for the power supply and the third is for sending the servo coded signal. The electrical or electronics projects where there is a need of motion, servo will be the best option in this case. The shaft of the servo motor changes its position corresponding to the servo coded signal applied at its input. It has a wide range of applications including robotics, automated baby cradle, solar tracking systems, elevators etc. Servo motor is shown in the figure given below. Note: I have already shared different articles on control of a servo motor as given below.

• Servo Motor Control with PIC Microcontroller
• Angle Control of Servo Motor using 555 Timer
• Control Servo Motor with Arduino in Proteus
• Servo Motor Control using Arduino

1. Servo Motor Pins

• Servo motor has three pins, two for the power supply and one for sending servo coded signal.
• These three pins are listed in the table given in the figure shown below.

• Servo motor along with its pins is shown in the figure given below.

2. Servo Motor Pins Description

• We must know the function of each pin of any electronic device.
• Pin functions of all the pins are provided in the table shown in the figure given below.

3. Servo Motor Dimensions

• In the figure shown below, servo motor is divided into different segments e.g. A, B, C etc.

• The dimensions of each segments are provided in the table given in the figure shown below.

4. Servo Motor Specifications

• Specifications are such parameters on the basis of which a device can become more popular.
• Servo motor specifications are listed in the table given in the figure shown below.

5. Servo Motor Ratings

• The power requirement of any device can be estimated through its ratings.
• Servo motor ratings are given in the table shown in the figure below.

6. Servo Motor Applications

• Servo motor has a wide range of real life applications.
• Some of them are listed in the table given in the figure shown below.

7. Servo Motor Control using myRIO Wiring Diagram

• I have made a completely labelled wiring diagram for servo motor control using myRIO.
• A complete wiring diagram is given in the figure shown below.

8. Servo Motor Control using myRIO Actual Wiring Diagram

• The actual wiring diagram for servo motor control using myRIO is shown in the figure given below.

9. NI LabVIEW Complete Front Panel Window

• The complete front pane; window for servo motor control using myRIO is given in the figure shown below.

10. NI LabVIEW Complete Block Diagram Window

• The complete Virtual Instrument (VI) for servo motor control using myRIO is shown in the figure given below.

• You can download the wiring diagram for servo motor control using myRIO and the complete LabVIEW VI, just by clicking on the button below.

That is all from the tutorial Servo Motor Control using myRIO. I have tried my level best to provide all the necessary detail about servo motor control using myRIO. I hope you have enjoyed the tutorial and will appreciate my efforts. If you found something missing, please let me know so that I can update this tutorial accordingly in order to avoid any future inconvenience. I will share different projects on myRIO in my upcoming tutorials. Till my next tutorial take care and bye bye :)

Introduction to C945

Hello everyone! I hope you all will be absolutely fine and having fun. Today, I would like to provide a complete discussion on Introduction to C945. You will see a detailed description on the basics of the transistor C-945 and its different parameters. I have already shared Introduction to MMBD914, 74HC245, NE556, LM348 and PIC18F4550. So, must go through these tutorials in order to have better understanding about different IC's. C-945 transistor is basically a Negative Positive Negative (NPN) bipolar junction transistor. C945 is usually used in the electronic circuits where there is a need of high speed transistor and a low current. C-945 has three semiconductor regions named as emitter, base and collector respectively. Since C-945 is a bipolar junction transistor, its base is doped with the positive or P type semiconducting material. Whereas, it collector and emitter both are doped with the negative or N type semiconducting material. When we apply voltage at C-945's base, the current starts to flow between collector and emitter. C-945 transistor is an electronic equipment used for low power applications. C945 has a lot of amazing features. These features include low current, low voltage, good linearity, low noise, complementary to A733 and many more. C-945 bipolar junction transistor has a wide range of applications in real life. Some of them include high speed switching applications, amplification processes, low power applications and a lot more. I have also provided all these information of other IC's in Introduction to L298, MC34063, LM386, TL072, UA741, 2N3906 and LM1458.  It is a low cost electronic component and is easily available in the market these days. It is most common equipment in the market due to its large range of applications. C-945 can also be used in two relay module used to drive different AC (Alternating Current) as well as DC (Direct Current) loads. If you want to work on C945 in Proteus, then you should download this C945 Library for Proteus. The further detail about C-945 transistor will be given later in this tutorial.

Introduction to C945

C945 is a Negative Positive Negative (NPN) bipolar junction transistor. It has three regions emitter, base and collector. Its base is doped with P type semi-conductor material. Emitter and collector are doped with N type semiconducting material. Its a low cost device and is very popular in the market due to its large range of applications. Its applications include fast switching, amplification, low power electronic circuits and many more. C-945 is shown in the figure given below.

• Moving from left to right pins of C-945 in the above figure are in an order emitter, collector and base.

1. C945 Pins Symbol

• C-945 has three (3) pins, each having different symbol.
• All the pins along with the symbols are give in the table shown in the figure given below.

2. C945 Pins Names

• It has three pins having different individual functions.
• C-945 pin names are listed in the table given in the figure shown below.

• Symbols of C-945's pins are shown on the left side of the table.
• Its pin names are listed on the right side in the above table.

3. C945 Pinout

• Pinout diagram represents the pin configurations of any electronic device.
• A new user can be easily able to use any device after going through its pinout diagram
• C-945 pinout diagram is shown in the figure given below.

• You can see from the above figure, I have provided the animation, symbolic representation and real image of C-945 bipolar junction transistor.
• For the pinout diagram of other IC's, you must also have a look at Introduction to LM393, LM317, 1N4007, and LM335.

4. C945 Pin's Doping Material

• As we already know C-945 is a NPN bipolar junction transistor, i.e. it has both type of doping materials N-type as well as P-type.
• It base region is doped with P-type semiconducting material and is sandwiched between emitter and collector.
• Both emitter and collector are doped with N-type materials.
• The doping materials of all the regions are listed in the table shown in the figure given below.

5. C945 Ratings

• If we have not used any device before, we must know about its power requirements.
• We can estimate the power requirements of any electronic device with the help of its ratings.
• C-945 ratings are listed in the table given in the figure shown below.

6. C945 Features

• A device's popularity is directly related to its features.
• If a device is having more unique and beneficial features, it will be more popular among its competitors.
• C-945 some of the features are provided in the table given in the figure shown below.

7. C945 Applications

• Today, most of the devices are popular and known on the basis of their application areas.
• So, we can conclude that applications plays a vital role in the importance and popularity of an electronic device.
• C-945's few of the applications are listed in the table given in the figure shown below.

• Here's a short video in which I have shown How to use this C925 Transistor:

In the tutorial Introduction to C945, I have tried my best to provide all the important details about the basics of the NPN bipolar junction transistor named as C945. I have provided the deaitls about its pin configurations, features, applications etc.I hope you enjoyed the tutorial. If you have any problem, you can ask us in comments anytime, without even feeling any sort of hesitation. Our team is 24/7 here to help and to entertain you. I will share different IC's information in my upcoming tutorials as well. So, take care till my next tutorial :)