The Engineering Projects

Importance of a good content for small business

A lot of small business owners face the problem of promotion of their goods. Compared to other business, the small one is working in the more harsh environment due to limited resources. Teams of small business usually are not very large as well as they are not very experienced. In the XXI century, most of advertisements and promotions are done via the Internet, which means that you should try your luck in this field too. It is an approachable and affordable way of advertisement for small business companies. Content marketing is a promotion of your business that is done usually on the internet. To overcome your competitors you need to provide better marketing that they do. How can you achieve that? In general, content marking can be divided into three steps.

Step 1. Making a research

This step is the most important. What does it mean? In this context, research means gathering of information about the overall market as well as about your customers. Why is it necessary? It helps you not only to improve your service but to attract new buyers too. As a consequence, you will have an increased profit from your business. To do that you need to consider people you are dealing with. Understanding your customers' behavior will bring a lot of benefits. Where do they get an information? What do they need? What are they looking for? Who are they? and so on. Another important thing here is to pay attention to your competitors. Watch after their successful and unsuccessful strategies in order to improve your own. As it was said above you need to gather information about the market itself. Understand the trends will help you to promote the right products or services.

Step 2. Creating a plan

After you have gathered as much information as you could, you can start planning. Setting real objectives are very important as well as looking for the ways to achieve them. The first mistake here that people usually do is setting too many goals. The fewer goals you have the more resources you can spend on each of them, which makes your aims are more achievable. Notice, that content marketing can be used for near every purpose from promoting SEO up to customer's retention. Understanding of the amount of time that is needed is very useful, setting time frames is very important. Time frames are closely connected with the number of your available investments. Take it into account.

Step 3. Drafting

It is about the realization of your plan. How are you going to reach your goals? Do you want to see a lot of texts, videos, some interactive content? It includes also the topics you are going to come with, it's promotion and publishing etc. This is all about making your plans real. In most cases, it is better to think about taking some additional temporary help from professionals. Ffor example, if you need a lot of texts it is better to hire content writers than do it by yourself. They can give you some pieces of advice as well as their work will have much higher quality.

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Introduction to CBR Testing

The California bearing ratio (CBR) testing is an evaluation of the strength of a ground, base courses, and substrates. The measure was invented by the California Department of Transport has been a vital part of construction, especially the construction of roads and airstrips. A site test is done to establish the amount of pressure it would take to penetrate aggregate or soil using a standard plunder. This pressure value is then divided by pressure necessary to get equal penetration for the pressure to go through standard crushed rocks. When CBR testing was developed, the objective was to help in the measurement of load bearing capacity of materials like soil that were used in the construction of roads. It could also be useful in estimating the load bearing capacity of soils beneath paved airstrips or even unimproved airstrips. Basically, the harder a surface becomes, the higher the rating. The test is useful as it helps to determine the thickness of material needed to make a proposed road strong enough to withstand the heaviest vehicle that could use the road.

Procedure of Performing a CBR Test

The procedure required while performing a CBR test includes measuring the pressure needed for a soil sample to be penetrated while using a standard plunder. Harder surfaces will read a higher CBR value and normally, 2% is achieved on clay while some sands could read up to 10%. A sub-base that is of good quality will have a CBR rating between 80 and 100%, and this means such a material or surface is compact and strong enough to withstand a lot of weight. It is the reason while constructing roads this is put into consideration to ensure the soils and materials sourced match the rating of that particular road. A road that should be used by heavy trucks might require a different kind of material from that designated for cycling.

Particle Size

Something else about CBR testing that you should understand is that it is only possible for materials that have particle size of 20mm. Materials with larger particles than this will usually be subjected to the Plate Bearing Test. The technique used involves using a cylindrical plunder (about 50mm), which is driven into the ground. A four-wheel vehicle is used to provide reaction load and add the force needed to drive the plunder into the material. Most tests are done up to depths ranging from 500 to 1000mm across 20-30m intervals along the centreline of the construction. It is recommended to have at least three tests for each site to get the best values and to be sure the findings arrived at reflect the truth. Some operators do up to 10 tests in one day and provisional results are provided on the site.

Dynamic Cone Penetrometer CBR Test

CBR tests are also performed using portable hand-held equipment. Different companies use hand held equipment while assessing CBR value and this value is calculated as a value of an empirical test performed on the soil to determine if it is fit to be used for road construction. Such equipment give a continuous record that highlights penetration resistance on each layer with a depth of one meter from the surface.

Impact of CBR in Saturated Clays

Apart from working with dry soils, some areas have wet clay and before a project commences it is always necessary to have measures of the CBR rating of the soil so as to inform on the best material to choose for paving. Several analyses have been done to show how the test performs in clay. The focus was to review if the test would reflect the stiffness of the soil. Most of the findings showed that CBR shares no consistent correlation with stiffness or strength and thus the recommendations made were to encourage the use of full load penetration together with CBR so as to understand which type of capping layer or subgrade material would be ideal.

Flexible Pavement Design

This is a method applied to help determine the required thickness of a pavement. It relies on two methods for the design using CBR value. The methods are CBR procedure recommended by the state and the CBR method that is recommended by IRC.

Data Required

For flexible pavement design, you need a few variables including:

• The CBR value of soil subgrade
• Base course CBR value
• Sub base course CBR value
• Wheel load (KN or KG)

The wheel load used is picked from one of the three groups available, which are based on traffic conditions and recommendations. 1. For light traffic - 3175 KG 2. For medium traffic – 4082 KG 3. For heavy traffic – 5443 KG

Calculating Thickness

With the values mentioned above, it is now possible to calculate the pavement thickness required. You need the total thickness (T) and the value of the sub base course T(sb). With the two values, you can calculate the recommended thickness of the sub base course (Tsb), which is gotten with the following simple calculation.

Tsb = T – T(sb)

What are the Advantages of CBR Testing?

There are many advantages of CBR testing that make it a necessary procedure to perform before you undertake any construction project that includes building a pavement or road. Here are few you might want to keep in mind.

• No technical experience is required, so the test could be done by anyone with basic skills.
• You can use portable equipment to get the values and this does not require many resources.
• It is applicable to many materials besides working with subgrades.
• You could do testing on samples that act as representatives of water conditions for the future.
• CBR tests are known to adapt to pavement design better than any other method available out there. It is faster and you are able to get more accurate results.

There are many other methods available that could help in measuring the load bearing capacity of a material, but CBR has proved over time to be more reliable. You could get different results while using different methods, but CBR gives a more reliable range of estimation.

How to get into Engineering

Engineering is a field, which always has a lot of jobs available within, even with the onset of widespread automation. These jobs can be accessed either through university, or through an apprenticeship scheme – you will have to decide for yourself which one is the path for you. Each one has its advantages and disadvantages, as well as its detractors and proponents. One noted advantage of the apprenticeship programme is that you can learn while at the same time earning money. However, this is balanced out by the fact that there are very few apprenticeship programmes out there. When you have done your school qualifications, you will need to choose which path you want to take afterwards. University can give you certain things that an apprenticeship can’t, while an apprenticeship can give you things that a university degree can’t. When making your choices, you need to decide which will suit you best in terms of learning style, earning potential, time spent in a learning environment versus in an earning environment, what you think will be best in terms of how you see your own future, and much more.

You can Take the Hands-off Route

By far the most popular way to get started in engineering is to get an academic degree from any number of colleges or universities. To do this, people can either specialize in engineering all the way through their university careers, or they can do a different science- or maths-based degree first, and then focus on engineering in any subsequent postgraduate work they might do. Many people choose the academic route specifically because it allows for a lot of flexibility in learning, with people choosing to only go for engineering after they have first gained a degree in another scientific pursuit.

You can Take the Hands-on Route

Not everybody enjoys the type of learning and teaching style which comes with a university degree. This is where apprenticeships come in. These programmes allow their participants to work towards diplomas and other qualifications in engineering while also working as an engineer. Apprentices work and learn at specific engineering companies which are involved in the overall scheme. This gives apprentices vital experience on working on engineering projects (and earning money), such as the manufacturing of linear motion products, while also learning about engineering as a whole. Apprenticeships often promise their students a job with the company once the apprenticeship has been served (which is one reason for their popularity), because not only does the apprentice come with engineering knowledge, but also with specific knowledge of that company’s methods. The original apprenticeships are only the beginning, of course. Graduate schemes and further apprenticeships are also available, for those people who want to deepen their knowledge and experience, while also learning more about different engineering companies and their methods.

It’s Not what you Know, it’s who you Know

Networking isn’t just something which is confined to people already in the industry – people who want to break in would do well to make connections as soon as possible. Networking can take place at any type of event which is specifically aimed at engineers and other people who work in that sector – normal networking events, conferences, seminars, and others. The easiest way to keep up to date with when these are happening is to become a member of one of the chartered organizations for engineers. These organizations hold events specifically to help with networking, but also more broadly to keep everyone up to date with new developments in the world of engineering, and any issues which might arise. Networking is so important that a high up member of Jonathon Lee Recruitment (an engineering recruitment firm) told The Guardian that membership of a chartered organization, whether it was one in the UK or abroad, was growing ever more necessary in today’s world.

Be the Best you can Be

There is currently a shortage of engineers and the associated skills, but this does not mean that you can or should try and coast. Bolster your chances of being noticed – whatever your educational path – by making the most of things. Learn as much as you can to the best of your ability, and be sure to show that you have learned all there is to know. Get yourself noticed by seeking to plug the gaps in your knowledge, and make sure to subscribe to engineering publications. The most important thing to work on is your problem-solving, since a good engineer is very good at problem-solving. All our research suggests that problem solving is and will be one of the most important factors in engineering going forward, especially since our engineering will be geared more and more towards automation as time goes on. Problem-solving will give you as an engineer the means to see new paths to solving problems, and will perhaps also help show you the way to fixing potential issues before they become a problem to people in a wider circle.

What are Y-Type Strainers?

Y Type Strainers are devices used to separate unwanted solid particles from gas, liquid or steam flowing in a pipe. They derive their name from their shape. The Y-type strainer is commonly applied in pressurized fluid lines as well as in vacuums and suction conditions. It is used where small solid particles are expected within the fluid and there is a less frequent clean out. They make use of a filtering element which is basically a perforated wire mesh. In instances where the material to be cleaned out from the flow is small hence long duration before screen cleaning, the line is shut down and the strainer cap removed to allow for manual cleaning of the strainer screen. In applications with high dirt density, a blowing system is fitted so that the screen can be cleaned without the need to remove it from the strainer.

Technical Specifications of Y-Type Strainers

The technical specifications of the Y-type strainers vary according to the chemical composition of the fluid it will be handling. The material of the housing could be carbon steel or stainless steel. Carbon steel Y strainers are suitable for the transmission of oil and petrochemicals since it is resilient to mechanical and thermal shock. Stainless steel Y strainers are best suited for applications in which high resistance to corrosion is required. They are mainly applied to the pharmaceutical, food and chemical industries. Other materials are also available for the housing as well as coating. It also consists of a filter element whose material coincides with that of the housing. For instance, a Y-type strainer with carbon steel housing material has a filter element made of carbon steel. The end connection could be either flanged or threaded. The type to choose depends on the application intended. The flanged end connection is made as per one's request. The threaded end connection could be either NPT or BSP. The sizes available range from 0.5-inch to line size to 24-inch line size. Higher sizes can be made on request. The size chosen also depends on the application and the volume of fluid involved. The filtration rating also varies from 1 micron to 1000 microns. The pressure rating runs up to 100 PSI. Strainers with a higher-pressure rating can be made on request.

Applications of Y-type Strainers

In permanent applications, the Y-type strainer is the most appropriate and common. It works well in mounting horizontal and vertical pipelines. The strainer has a wide range of applications of fluid straining to protect equipment within the pipeline. If left unprotected, the pipeline would most likely end up being clogged. The applications include:

• Regulator and valve protection.
• Steam traps protection.
• Flow meter protection.
• pump protection
• Heat exchanger and refrigerating set protection.
• Protection of Instrumentation and ancillary piping item.

For all these applications the Y strainer is seen as the most appropriate. Its shape and compactness make it ideal for handling high-pressure conditions. There are Y- strainers that can handle pressures of up to 6000 PSI but they are uncommon. They are only made and applied under very extreme pressure conditions. Apart from the standard sizes and other specifications made for standard applications, the Y strainers can also be tailor-made for particular extreme conditions. In each application, the Y strainer has to be able to handle any anticipated stress without strain. Most applications of the Y strainer involve gases and liquids. There are those that are applied to handle steam. High-pressure steam changes some the dynamics of fluid flow as a result of the temperature factor. For instance, steam at a pressure of 1500 PSI will have a temperature that is above 10000 F. Carbon steel cannot handle such high temperatures and chrome moly steel is the ideal material to be used to construct a Y strainer for application in such a case. In comparison, air and natural gas applications are characteristic of very high pressures. The high pressure does not translate to high pressures in these cases and hence Y strainers made of carbon steel are ideal. The high pressures, however, require the material to be of sufficient thickness.

Advantages of Using Y-type Strainers

Using a Y strainer is a cost-effective method of straining in fluid transmission through pipelines. The Y strainers are advantageous in that they can be installed either vertically or horizontally. Other types of strainers do not have this allowance. Regardless of whether the strainer has been installed horizontally or vertically, the filtering element should be on the downstream end so that the unwanted material can be effectively collected. It is paramount to ensure that the Y strainer used is of the correct size and thickness. Some manufacture may try to reduce the size or thickness of a particular strainer to save on material. An undersized strainer may cause havoc if installed for an application it cannot handle.

Heart Beat Monitor using Arduino in Proteus

Hello friends, I hope you all are doing great and having fun in your lives. In today's tutorial, we are gonna design a Heart Beat Monitor using Arduino in Proteus ISIS. You should download this Heart Beat Sensor Library V2.0 for Proteus because we are gonna use that to detect heart beat in Proteus. I have also used a 20x4 LCD which will display our heart rate value. You should download this New LCD Library for Proteus. I have counted the heart beat for ten seconds and then I have multiplied it with 6 to get the heartbeat per minute which is abbreviated as bpm (beats per minute). So, let's get started with Heart Beat Monitor using Arduino in Proteus ISIS.

Where To Buy?
No.	Components	Distributor	Link To Buy
1	LCD 20x4	Amazon	Buy Now
2	Arduino Uno	Amazon	Buy Now

Heart Beat Monitor using Arduino in Proteus

• First of all, click the below button to download this complete Proteus simulation & Arduino code for Heart Beat Monitor:

Heart Beat Monitor using Arduino in Proteus

Proteus Simulation of Heart Rate Monitor

• Now let's have a look at How we have designed this simulation and How it works.
• So, design a simple circuit in Proteus as shown in the below figure:

• As you can see in the above figure, we have our Arduino UNO board along with LCD and Heart Beat Sensor.
• There's also a Button attached to Pin # 2, so when we press this button our Arduino will start counting the Heart Beat and will update it on the LCD.

Now let's have a look at the programming code for Heart Rate Monitor:

Arduino Code for Heart Rate Monitor

• Here's the code which I have used for this Heart Beat Monitor using Arduino:

#include <LiquidCrystal.h>
#include <TimerOne.h>
LiquidCrystal lcd(13, 12, 11, 10, 9, 8);

int HBSensor = 4;
int HBCount = 0;
int HBCheck = 0;
int TimeinSec = 0;
int HBperMin = 0;
int HBStart = 2;
int HBStartCheck = 0;

void setup() {
  // put your setup code here, to run once:
  lcd.begin(20, 4);
  pinMode(HBSensor, INPUT);
  pinMode(HBStart, INPUT_PULLUP);
  Timer1.initialize(800000); 
  Timer1.attachInterrupt( timerIsr );
  lcd.clear();
  lcd.setCursor(0,0);
  lcd.print("Current HB  : ");
  lcd.setCursor(0,1);
  lcd.print("Time in Sec : ");
  lcd.setCursor(0,2);
  lcd.print("HB per Min  : 0.0");
}

void loop() {
  if(digitalRead(HBStart) == LOW){lcd.setCursor(0,3);lcd.print("HB Counting ..");HBStartCheck = 1;}
  if(HBStartCheck == 1)
  {
      if((digitalRead(HBSensor) == HIGH) && (HBCheck == 0))
      {
        HBCount = HBCount + 1;
        HBCheck = 1;
        lcd.setCursor(14,0);
        lcd.print(HBCount);
        lcd.print(" ");
      }
      if((digitalRead(HBSensor) == LOW) && (HBCheck == 1))
      {
        HBCheck = 0;   
      }
      if(TimeinSec == 10)
      {
          HBperMin = HBCount * 6;
          HBStartCheck = 0;
          lcd.setCursor(14,2);
          lcd.print(HBperMin);
          lcd.print(" ");
          lcd.setCursor(0,3);
          lcd.print("Press Button again.");
          HBCount = 0;
          TimeinSec = 0;      
      }
  }
}

void timerIsr()
{
  if(HBStartCheck == 1)
  {
      TimeinSec = TimeinSec + 1;
      lcd.setCursor(14,1);
      lcd.print(TimeinSec);
      lcd.print(" ");
  }
}

• In this code, I have used a TimerOne Library which creates an interrupt after every 1sec.
• On each interrupt, it executes timerIsr() function, in which I have placed a check that whenever this interrupt will call we will increment TimeinSec variable.
• So, when TimeinSec will become equal to 10 then I am simply multiplying it with 6 and updating it on the LCD.
• So, use the above code and get your Hex File from Arduino Software and update it in your Proteus Simulation.

Simulating Heart Rate Monitor

• Now run your Proteus Simulation and you will get something as shown in the below figure:

• Now click this HB button and it will start counting the HB as well as will count the Time in seconds.
• After ten seconds it will multiply the current heart rate with six and will give the Heart Beat Per Minute.
• Here's a final image of the result:

• You can change the value of Heart Beat from the variable resistor connected with Heart Beat Sensor.
• Let's change the value of variable resistance connected to Heart Beat sensor, and have a look at the results.
• You have to press the button again in order to get the value.
• Here's the screenshot of the results obtained:

• So, now the heart is beating a little faster and we have got 108 bpm.
• If you run this simulation then you will notice that the second is quite slow which I think is because of Proteus.
• I have tested this code on hardware and it worked perfectly fine, although you need to change heart beat sensor's values in coding.
• Here's the video in which I have explained the working of this Heart Rate Monitor Simulation in detail.

So, that was all about Heart Beat Monitor using Arduino in Proteus ISIS. I hope you have enjoyed it and will get something out of it. Have a good day. :)

C945 Library for Proteus

Hello friends, I hope you all are doing great. In today's tutorials, I am gonna share a new C945 Library for Proteus. If you have searched for this transistor in Proteus, then you must have known that it's not available in Proteus. We have designed this transistor in Proteus and here's its library. If you don't know much about this transistor then you should have a look at Introduction to C945, in which I have explained in detail the basics of this transistor. Today, first of all, I will show you How to install this library and after that we will design a simple Proteus Simulation in which we will see How to simulate C945 in Proteus. You should also check this amazing list of New Proteus Libraries for Engineering Students. So, let's get started with C945 Library for Proteus:

C945 Library for Proteus

• First of all, download this C945 Library for Proteus by clicking the below button:

C945 Library for Proteus

• You will get two files in it named as:
• TransistorsTEP.IDX
• TransistorsTEP.LIB

Note:

• If you are new to Proteus 7 or 8, then you should have a look at How to add new Library in Proteus 8 Professional.

• Place these two files in the Library folder of your Proteus software.
• Now open you Proteus Software or restart it if its already open.
• In your Components Search box, make a search for C945 and you will get some results as shown in below figure:

• Now place this component in your Proteus work space and it will look something as shown in below figure:

• Here's our NPN transistor named as C945, its first pin is Emitter, second one is Collector and the third one is Base.
• Now let's have a look at C945 Simulation in Proteus.

C945 Simulation in Proteus

• I hope you have installed the C945 Library for Proteus Successfully.
• Now let's design a simple circuit to have a look at working of this transistor.
• You can download this simulation by clicking the above button but as always, I would suggest you to design it on your own.
• That way you can learn a lot.
• The C945 Simulation for Proteus is shown in below figure:

• I have used an opto-coupler (normally I use PC817 while designing it on hardware), which is getting a 5V signal and then I am sending that signal to the Base of C945.
• At Emitter of C945, I have connected the GND and Collector is connected to the Load.
• Here's the ON and OFF state of above circuit:

• Its quite a simple circuit and actually what we are doing is we are controlling a 12V load frm 5V signal, which normally comes from Microcontroller like Arduino or PIC Microcontroller.
• You can also assemble this circuit in hardware and can use it in your projects.
• Here's the video in which I have shown How to download this C945 Library for Proteus and also how to run C945 Proteus Simulation:

So, that was all about C945 Library for Proteus and also How to design a C945 Simulation in Proteus. I hope you have enjoyed it and can design it on your own. You can download the Library as well as this Simulation by clicking above download button. Thanks for reading. Take care !!! :)

DC Motor Control using XBee & Arduino in Proteus

Hello friends, I hope you all are doing great. In today's tutorial, we are gonna design a project named DC Motor Control using XBee & Arduino in Proteus ISIS. I have shared the complete code and have also explained it in detail. You can also download the complete working Proteus Simulation given at the end of this tutorial. In this project, I have designed two Proteus Simulations. The first Simulation is of Remote control in which I have used a keypad. The second simulation contains our two DC Motors and I am controlling the direction of those DC Motors with my Remote Control. XBee Module is used for sending wireless data. The code will also work on hardware as I have tested it myself. So, let's get started with DC Motor Control using XBee & Arduino in Proteus ISIS:

DC Motor Control using XBee & Arduino in Proteus

• I have designed two Proteus Simulations for this project.
• The First Simulation is named as Remote Control while the second one is named as DC Motor Control.
• I am controlling the directions of these DC Motors from my Remote.
• So, let's first have a look at Remote section and then we will discuss the DC Motor Control.
• You can download both of these Proteus Simulations (explained below) and Arduino codes by clicking below button:

Download Proteus Simulation

Remote Control

• Here's the overall circuit for Remote Control designed in Proteus ISIS:

• As you can see in the above figure that we have Arduino UNO which is used as a microcontroller and then we have XBee module which is used for RF communication and finally we have Keypad for sending commands.
• You have to download this XBee Library for Proteus in order to use this XBee module in Proteus.
• You will also need to download Arduino Library for Proteus because Proteus doesn't have Arduino in it.
• The Serial Monitor is used to have a look at all the commands.
• Now next thing we need to do is, we need to write code for our Arduino UNO.
• So, copy the below code and Get your Hex File from Arduino Software.

#include <Keypad.h>

const byte ROWS = 4; //four rows
const byte COLS = 4; //three columns
char keys[ROWS][COLS] = {
  {'7','8','9', '/'},
  {'4','5','6','x'},
  {'1','2','3','-'},
  {'*','0','#','+'}
};
byte rowPins[ROWS] = {13, 12, 11, 10}; //connect to the row pinouts of the keypad
byte colPins[COLS] = {9, 8, 7, 6}; //connect to the column pinouts of the keypad

Keypad keypad = Keypad( makeKeymap(keys), rowPins, colPins, ROWS, COLS );

int KeyCheck = 0;

void setup() 
{
  Serial.begin(9600);   

}

void loop() 
{
  char key = keypad.getKey();
  
  if (key)
  {
    if(key == '1'){KeyCheck = 1; Serial.print("1");}
    if(key == '2'){KeyCheck = 1; Serial.print("2");}
    if(key == '3'){KeyCheck = 1; Serial.print("3");}
    
    if(key == '4'){KeyCheck = 1; Serial.print("4");}
    if(key == '5'){KeyCheck = 1; Serial.print("5");}
    if(key == '6'){KeyCheck = 1; Serial.print("6");}

    if(KeyCheck == 0){Serial.print(key);}
    KeyCheck = 0; 
  }

}

• The code is quite simple and doesn't need much explanation.
• First of all, I have initiated my Keypad and then I have started my Serial Port which is connected with XBee Module.
• In the Loop section, I am checking the key press and when any key is pressed our microcontroller sends a signal via XBee.
• Now let's have a look at the DC Motor Control Section.

DC Motor Control

• Here's the image of Proteus Simulation for DC Motor Control Section:

• We have already installed the XBee & Arduino Library for Proteus in the previous section.
• Here you need to install L298 Motor Driver Library for Proteus, which is not available in it.
• So here we have used two DC Motors, which are controlled with L298 Motor Driver.
• XBee is used to receive commands coming from Remote Control.
• Now use below code and get your hex file from Arduino Software:

int Motor1 = 7;
int Motor2 = 6;
int Motor3 = 5;
int Motor4 = 4;

int DataCheck = 0;

void setup() 
{
  Serial.begin(9600);
  pinMode(Motor1, OUTPUT);
  pinMode(Motor2, OUTPUT);
  pinMode(Motor3, OUTPUT);
  pinMode(Motor4, OUTPUT);
   
  digitalWrite(Motor1, HIGH);
  digitalWrite(Motor2, HIGH);
  digitalWrite(Motor3, HIGH);
  digitalWrite(Motor4, HIGH);

  Serial.print("This Arduino Code & Proteus simulation is designed by:");
  Serial.println();
  Serial.println("        www.TheEngineeringProjects.com");
  Serial.println();
  Serial.println();
  Serial.println();
   
}

void loop() 
{
  if(Serial.available())
  {
    char data = Serial.read();
    Serial.print(data);
    Serial.print("      ======== >      ");
    
    if(data == '1'){DataCheck = 1; digitalWrite(Motor2, LOW);digitalWrite(Motor1, HIGH); Serial.println("First Motor is moving in Clockwise Direction.");}
    if(data == '2'){DataCheck = 1; digitalWrite(Motor1, LOW);digitalWrite(Motor2, HIGH); Serial.println("First Motor is moving in Anti-Clockwise Direction.");}
    if(data == '3'){DataCheck = 1; digitalWrite(Motor1, LOW);digitalWrite(Motor2,  LOW); Serial.println("First Motor is Stopped");} 

    if(data == '4'){DataCheck = 1; digitalWrite(Motor3, LOW);digitalWrite(Motor4, HIGH); Serial.println("Second Motor is moving in Clockwise Direction.");}
    if(data == '5'){DataCheck = 1; digitalWrite(Motor4, LOW);digitalWrite(Motor3, HIGH); Serial.println("Second Motor is moving in Anti-Clockwise Direction.");}
    if(data == '6'){DataCheck = 1; digitalWrite(Motor3, LOW);digitalWrite(Motor4,  LOW); Serial.println("Second Motor is Stopped.");}

    if(DataCheck == 0){Serial.println("Invalid Command. Please Try Again !!! ");}
    Serial.println();
    DataCheck = 0;
  }

}

• In this code, I am receiving commands from my remote and then changing the direction of my DC Motors.
• When it will get '1', it will move the first motor in Clockwise Direction.
• When it will get '2', it will move the first motor in Anti-Clockwise Direction.
• When it will get '3', it will stop the first motor.
• When it will get '4', it will move the second motor in Anti-Clockwise Direction.
• When it will get '5', it will move the second motor in Clockwise Direction.
• When it will get '6', it will stop the second motor.
• It will say Invalid Commands on all other commands.
• Now let's have a look at its working & results.

Working & Results

• Now run both of your Simulations and if everything goes fine, then you will have something as shown in below figure:

• Now when you will press buttons from keypad then DC Motors will move accordingly.
• Here's an image where I have shown all the commands.

So, that's all for today. I hope you have enjoyed today's project in which we have designed DC Motor Control using XBee & Arduino in Proteus ISIS. Thanks for reading !!! :)

ECG Digitization in MATLAB

Buy This Project Hello friends, I hope you all are doing great. In today's tutorial, I am going to show you How to do ECG Digitization in MATLAB. If you are new to ECG signals then you should have a look at Introduction to ECG. I have also posted many different simulations on ECG in which I have extracted different features of ECG signals but in today's tutorial, we are gonna extract the ECG signal itself from its image. I have also saved this ECG signal in a txt file so that you can use it. This code is not open source and you can buy it from our shop by clicking the above button. I have designed a GUI in MATLAB and it will take image of ECG signal as an input and then will give the digital form of that ECG signal as an output. There are few restrictions on this code and its not necessary that it will work on all images of ECG signal, but I am sure it will work on most of them. I have also added three images in the folder which works great with this code. You should also have a look at ECG Simulation using MATLAB and ECG Averaging in MATLAB. So, let's get started with ECG Digitization in MATLAB:

ECG Digitization in MATLAB

• When you will buy this MATLAB code, you will get an rar file.
• Extract this rar file and it will contain below files in it:

• You need to run Main.m file which is a MATLAB file.
• Open this file in MATLAB and run it.
• If everything goes fine then it will open up as shown in below figure:

• Click this button which says Load Image File.
• When you click this button, it will open up a dialog box as shown in below figure:

• Here you need to select the image of ECG signal, which you want to digitize.
• So, I am selecting ECG1.png and the results are shown in below figure:

• The first axes is showing the ECG Image file as it is.
• I have converted this ECG Image File into Gray Scale which is shown in axes 2.
• Further, I have converted this Dray Scale Image into Binary Image which is shown in axes 3.
• If you have noticed we have a blue line in ECG Binary Image.
• I have added this line and taken it as an x-axis, the algo is reading the values of black pixels and then subtracting it from this x axis line.
• In this way, I am getting my complete ECG Signal and the Axes 4, which is named as ECG Signal, is displaying this digital ECG Signal.
• I have converted pixels into mV, which you can change by yourself in the code.

So, that was all about ECG Digitization in MATLAB. If you got into any trouble regarding this project then you can ask in comments and I will try my best to resolve them. Thanks for reading !!! :)

How to Upload Files using FTP in LabView

Hello friends, I hope you all are doing great. In today's tutorial, I am gonna show you How to upload Files using FTP in LabView. It's gonna be a quick tutorial as there's not much to do :) but you have to read and follow it carefully because if you made even a small mistake then it won't work. FTP is an abbreviation of File Transfer Protocol and using FTP we can easily upload or download files from our web server. We can use different FTP clients like FileZilla in order to do it manually but today we are gonna have a look at How to upload files automatically using FTP in LabView. So, let's get started with FTP in LabView:

How to Upload Files using FTP in LabView

• When you are working on some Embedded project where you need to upload your sensor's data on some web server then you need to use FTP.
• For example, if you are working on Home Automation or some security project and you want to display the values of your sensors on some online website, then in such situations you can easily use FTP and can upload your sensor's data.

• There are many different ways to use FTP but if you are using LabView then here's how you are gonna upload it.
• First of all, what you need to do is, you need to save your sensor's data in a txt or csv file.
• After that simply Log in your FTP account and upload that file on your server.
• Here's the screenshot of my LabView code which is uploading the data.txt file on my website using FTP.

• In the first TextBox, you need to give the Password of your FTP account.
• In the second TextBox, you need to give the Username of your FTP account.
• In the third TextBox, you need to give the IP Address of your website, don't use the name of your site it doesn't work in LabView. You have to find the IP Address of your site which you can easily find using some online tool and place it in this TextBox.
• In the fourth TextBox, you need to give the File Location, where you want to save your file on the server.
• In the fifth TextBox, you need to give the File Location on your Laptop.
• I have used FTP put File fuction of LabView and when you press the button Boolean, then it will automatically Log in to your FTP account and will upload the file.
• It will hardly take 1 sec for the whole process.
• You can download this LabView code by clicking the below button and don't forget to change all these values otherwise it won't work. :)

Download LabView Simulation

• Once the file is uploaded on your server, you can then use PHP to extract and display it on some web page.

So, that was all today. I hope now you can easily upload your files via FTP in LabView. If you still got into some trouble then ask in comments and I will try my best to resolve them. Will meet you guys in the next tutorial. Till then take care and have fun !!! :)