The Engineering Projects

What is a Model in ASP.NET MVC

Hello friends, I hope you all are doing great. Today, I am going to share the second tutorial in ASP.NET MVC series and I will explain the concept of Model in ASP.NET MVC. In our previous tutorial, we have seen How to Setup Your First Project in ASP.NET MVC. So, before developing our web app, we first have to discuss some concepts in MVC Framework and Model is one of them, which we will cover in today's tutorial. So, let's get started with it:

What is a Model in ASP.NET MVC ?

• In, ASP.NET MVC Framework structure, we have to understand 3 very simple blocks, which are:
  • Models
  • Controllers
  • Views

• Model connects our web application with our SQL Database, it takes commands from the Controller and then get or set values in the Database and finally updates the View.
• We can say that Model is acting as a middle man between Controller, View & SQL Databases.
• If you are not understanding the Controller or View, that's no problem. We will cover them in next chapters, for now just focus on functioning of Model.
• So, in your Solution Explorer, you can see a folder named Models, click to expand and you will find 3 model files in it, as shown in below figure:

• You can see in above figure that Microsoft visual studio has auto created 3 Model files in our ASP web project.
• So, click AccountViewModels.cs file and it will open up as shown in below figure:

• Now you can see in above figure that our model file has some classes in it.
• If you check the whole file then you will find more than 5 classes in it.
• Each of these class is actually representing a unique model, all of these classes have certain rules attached to them.
• Now let's understand the working of our web app.
• When our ASP web application runs for the first time:
  • The App goes to Controller.
  • Controller hits the Model.
  • Model gets or sets values into SQL Database & then return value to Controller.
  • Controller returns value to View.
• I have shown this working in block diagram form here:

• Now in this model file, you have find for class RegisterViewModel, its the Model for our registration page, shown in below figure:

• The main thing to note in this class is that, we have created 3 variables with data types public string, named as:
  • Email.
  • Password.
  • ConfirmPassword.
• The parameters assigned to these variables are get and set, and these variables will either Get value from the SQL Database or Set new value to it.
• So in simple words, the model is dealing with data in or out, it receives commands/data from controller and according to the rules set in each model, the data will be either stored in the SQL database or fetched from it.
• Model tells us, what kind of information is required and what kind of information is placed in the SQL Databases.
• The major code of MVC Framework is written in the Model section, because here we have to write all our rules and permissions to interact with the SQL databases.
• Here's a video where one of our team member has explained Model in ASP.NET MVC in detail:

So, that was all about today's tutorial on Model in ASP.NET MVC. I hope you have got the idea. In the next tutorial, we will have a look at What is View in ASP.NET MVC. Take care !!!

Setup your First Project in ASP.NET MVC

Hello friends, I hope you all are doing great. In today's tutorial, I am going to start this new series on ASP.NET MVC Framework. I am gonna start from basics and will slowly move towards professional projects. I will share all the codes during this series and if you got into any trouble then ask in comments and I will help you out. One of our Team Member has already designed videos on ASP.NET MVC and I will keep on embedding the respective videos throughout this tutorial series. In our first tutorial, we are gonna have a look at How to Setup your First Project in ASP.NET MVC Framework. So, let's get started with it:

Setup your First Project

• I will use Microsoft Visual Studio 2015 and I hope that you have already installed it.
• If you are using any other version of Visual Studio then that's not an issue as they almost work the same.
• So, open your visual studio 2015 and click on New Project as shown in below figure:

• You can also try File > New > Project to open a New Project.
• When you click it, a new window will open up, where you need to select the Template.
• So, we are gonna click on Visual C# and then Web and here we will select ASP.NET Web Application.
• In the Name section, you need to give the name of your asp web app, I have added TEPwebApp, as shown in below figure:

• Now click OK Button and Visual Studio will start creating your project, as shown in below figure:

• In the next window, it will ask to select ASP.NET Template, and we will select MVC as we want to work on MVC Framework.
• So, select MVC and it will automatically tick the MVC check box and Click OK as shown in below figure:

• It will take some time in setting up ASP.NET MVC environment.
• After the completion of new project creation wizard, you will see something as shown in below figure:

• Here's our demo application, which is created by visual studio for us and it's in ASP.NET MVC Framework.
• We can easily run this web application in our browser, so at the top click on Google Chrome that's my default browser.
• Click on the browser and the whole list of browsers installed on your computer will open up, as shown in below figure:

• I am gonna run this web application on Google Chrome so click it and it will open the browser and will run our web App.
• We don't need to use any virtual server like xampp, because visual studio automatically creates its own web server called IIS and will allocate the port after localhost as well.
• Our first demo ASP.NET MVC web app is shown in below figure:

• You can see in above figure that it has created this simple asp.net website which has 3 pages:
  • Home
  • About
  • Contact
• We can also Login or Register, links are given in top right corner.
• You should also have a look at this video which will help you in better understanding of this tutorial:

So, that was all about How to Setup your First Project in ASP.NET MVC. I hope you have enjoyed it. Will meet you guys in the next tutorial of this series. Take care !!!

What We Can Produce from Color-Coated Rolled Steel

The technology of manufacturing color-coated (or pre-painted) steel was patented by the UK-based company British Steel in the late 60s. Since then, galvanized steel with color coating has been used in the construction industry as a material with an optimal cost/durability ratio. In addition to the decorative function, color coating provides additional protection for galvanized steel from the influence of adverse environmental factors.

What is color coating?

Color coating is a film that consists of zinc, aluminum, or various alloys with a thickness range of 30-250 micrometers. This film protects steel materials from damage and corrosion, greatly improving their properties. The maximum adhesion of high-molecular compounds to the surface of a steel roll is provided by the layer of primer which is preliminarily applied to the material. A color-coated steel roll can have several layers of coating. The process of coating is rather time-consuming. That is why some manufacturers prefer a self-adhesive polymer film which is sometimes used to temporarily protect steel products.

The advantages of color-coated steel

The main advantages of steel with color coating include:

• Increased durability;
• Perfect adhesion of the coating to the galvanized base;
• High level of customization. Color-coated steel can be painted or given a matt or shiny look depending on its application;
• The resistance of color coating to UV irradiation;
• Maximum effectiveness of corrosion protection;
• The thickness of a steel roll can be increased without a perceptible change in weight, which is important for construction purposes;
• The possibility to give the material a graphic texture when using it for decoration;
• This material offers a high level of protection from mechanical damage, chips, and delaminations resulting from impacts and excess loads.

What we can produce from color-coated rolled steel

Convenience and outstanding durability regardless of conditions are two of the main reasons why color-coated steel is used so widely in a variety of spheres, including manufacturing, automotive industries, and construction. Below are the basic applications of color-coated steel products.

Construction and infrastructure

Easy to install and dismantle, color coated steel is widely used for the manufacture of domestic or industrial roofing and cladding, exterior and interior decoration of buildings (for instance, Venetian blinds and false ceiling), as well as the construction of frames for drywall and other finishing materials for repair and construction works in the premises of any purpose, including apartments and country houses. In addition, color-coated products serve as reliable building materials for:

• Warehouses and cold storages;
• Atriums in malls;
• Showrooms and airports.

White goods

Due to their durability, high quality, and a wide range of colors, pre-painted steel products offer a variety of design options and ensures maximum efficiency of white goods, including:

• Refrigerators;
• Washing machines;
• Display freezers;
• Electric control panels.

Automotive industry

In this sphere, color-coated rolled steel is used mainly for the production of large transport vehicles. The list includes:

• Railway coaches;
• Luxury coaches;
• Bus bodies.

There are also other purposes color-coated rolled steel can fit for. It is easily subjected to cutting, bending, stamping, and folding, which makes its scope of application practically unlimited.

LNG Transfer Systems – The Complete Guide

Hello everyone, I hope you all are doing great. In today's tutorial, I am going to give you a detailed overview of LNG Transfer Systems. In the recent past, there has been tremendous growth in the demand for LNG. This has raised the LNG shipping rates around the world. The growth in demand is expected to keep increasing and reach a factor of 50 per cent by the year 2020. It is also estimated that the global cryogenic market will hit an all-time high of $21 billion by the year 2021. Most shipping companies are going for LNG as compared to conventional fuels based on oil for their ships. The lowered limit on air emissions, need for efficiency and increasing operational costs has pushed many shipping firms to look for better fuel for their maritime activities. LNG has proven to handle these challenges better. This is why you now find that vessels, including tugboats, cruise liners and tankers, have adopted LNG fuel. Safety is one of the most important aspects that come into play when transferring LNG to the vessels. There has been a spirited effort to look for technologies that will cut down the risk of accident spills significantly. Luckily, there have been several steps towards the goal with decreased spills both at the harbour and high seas. Here is a look at some of the most common LNG transfer systems.

Ship to Ship Transfer (STS)

This method denotes the transfer of LNG or LNG bunkering from the carrier ship to another. The process usually involves two ocean-going vessels or at the harbour where the moored ship is usually docked or moored at a pier. The process can be done with several types of vessels that include FSRU, LNG Carrier, LNG bunker barge and LNG feeder ship. The operation can either be done as a cargo transfer or fuel a ship propelled by LNG.

Hose Transfer Systems

The use of hoses and hose reels for transferring LNG fuels is one of the commonest transfer systems, especially at the harbour. This process generally involves the connection of hoses from the source of the fuel to the tanker being fuelled. There is also an emergency release system that shuts down when a leak is detected on the hoses; the source or the tanker to which the fuel is being transferred. This method has been gaining popularity in the recent past due its cost-effectiveness and safety compared to the traditional loading arm technique. New technologies have made leak detection, as well as shut off automated, thereby lowering the risk of a spill with over 80 per cent.

Loading Arm System

This is the oldest method used for fuelling tankers and other vessels at the harbour. It is still capable of being used for LNG transfers. However, the method is less desirable for modern transfers due to a number of problems. There have been many instances where the arms have been found to be severely damaged. LNG is also transferred in very low temperatures. Temperatures in the range of -163 degree Celsius are likely to cause ice build up and create thermal shocks to all the systems involved in the transfer of the fuel. These two major problems have led many players in the industry to warn shipping companies of the increased risk of catastrophic disasters from the thousands of tons of fuel. Given that the method is still very popular, there have been efforts to make the process safer. One of the major improvements is the adoption of all-metal arms. These arms come with swivel joints that can move should the ship being fuelled move about on the harbour. The all-metal arms have a lower chance of bursting, and the joints prevent any unnecessary tension or breakage in the process. However, even with these improvements, the system can best be used in the mildest harbour environments, which makes it less convenient. Many shipping companies are going for the flexible cryogenic hoses. Their flexibility and ability to perform well in harsh environments have made them one of the safest methods of transferring LNG to the vessels. These hoses are usually fitted with emergency release couplings along the entire transfer length. The couplings come with a double closing valve technology, which cuts supply from the source for a fast and safe shutdown if a leak is detected. The flexibility compensates for sudden movement of the tanker.

Safety During LNG transfers

Maritime organisations around the world have come up with several measures to further enhance safety during LNG transfers. Here are some of the guidelines put forward.  Emergency Response Programmes:

• There should be plans to deals with potential hazards during transfers such as fires starting in the bunkering areas
• Loss of power during the process
• Unexpected movement of both the vessel and or the bunkering unit
• Leakage

An emergency plan includes fire fighting equipment, first aid equipment, and emergency power backup, among others. The plan should enhance control, mitigation and elimination of risks.

Division of Tasks

The LNG bunkering facility, receiving ship operator and the master of the receiving ship have responsibilities to ensure that all the procedures have been followed. Each of the stakeholders is responsible for the teams working under them. Therefore, each should take all possible care to prevent any damage to facilities and injury to crew members. In addition to the above, there should be a checklist of all the conditions that should be met to ensure enhanced safety. There is also LNG bunkering safety training that should be taken by all crew members involved in the fuelling process. LNG is rapidly gaining prominence among maritime organisations around the world. With more ships on the line for fuelling, safety should always be at the forefront before, during and after LNG transfers. The skills of the crews working in the process should be enhanced, and procedures followed to the letter. In addition, the use of technology is vital in dealing with any risks and challenges in the process. With several smart technologies in the market today, there is even a better chance to enhance safety and efficiency in LNG transfers than it was possible a few years back.

How Technologies Are Changing Education in the 21st Century

Hello friends, I hope you all are doing great. In today's tutorial, we are going to have a look at How Technologies Are Changing Education in the 21st Century. Technological advancement has had an impact on almost all areas of our life in recent years. Similarly, the influence of technology on education has grown significantly since the inception of the Internet. The trend is expected to continue as 21st-century technologies in education are steadily enhancing different aspects of learning.

Improved Engagement

Educators can improve student engagement by appropriately incorporating technological tools, especially those that check the comprehension of learning content. Consequently, it becomes easier to monitor students’ understanding during a lesson and introduce changes if some of them experience difficulties that necessitate additional coursework help without using services like bestcustomwriting.com/coursework-help/. Such tools enable students to add responses to a classroom display for easy tracking of understanding and collaboration. Therefore, in examining how technology has changed education currently, it is apparent that it has enhanced the presentation of learning material, which boosts student participation.

The Automation of Tedious Tasks

Teachers can often be overwhelmed by time-consuming tasks such as answering common questions, tracking grades, and monitoring attendance. The use of technologies in the classroom is helping educators to simplify some of those tasks, which frees them up to focus on the delivery of high-quality lessons. Additionally, technological tools provide excellent coursework help by streamlining how students write their assignments, participate in online discussions, and obtain answers to their questions. Also, educators can rely on course management systems to provide personalized assistance to students.

Unlimited Resources

The number of educational resources that are available to students and educators in the form of electronic books and applications continues to increase. How has technology impacted education based on the availability of these resources? In answering this question, it is evident that educators can customize students’ learning experiences. The tools allow them to build the learning process brock by brick in order to include activities such as creating websites, producing media, writing essays, and collaborating with experts remotely to enhance the relevance of learning material. Overall, such technology-based educational experiences improve student engagement drastically.

Special Education

21st-century technologies in education have the capacity of making access to formative learning equitable for all types of learners. Special education has been a critical issue for a long time mainly because teachers are often unable to cater to students with special needs in regular classrooms. Students with special needs can take advantage of the enhanced accessibility and interactivity of online learning. Described by some educationists as transformative, the way how technology has changed education by making it more accessible and affordable grants world-class education opportunities to students with special needs.

Personal Interests and Passions

Apart from offering better coursework help, educational technologies support learners to pursue individual passions and interests. For instance, a student in a music classroom can listen and view the original compositions by a favorite pianist. Such interactions allow students to obtain skills that are of particular interest to them. Consequently, technology supports these interests by promoting research and exploration, which instills an attitude of lifelong learning in students.

Coordinated Learning

Another aspect that demonstrates how technology has changed education is the ability to connect to external settings such as libraries and museums, which allows learning to move beyond the classroom. Additionally, students in different schools can collaborate by sharing their diverse thoughts, interpretations, and connections, which leads to a richer learning experience. The technologies support collaboration, which promotes deeper understanding through the consideration of different perspectives. The technologies can expand, amplify, and accelerate learning if educators can design and apply them thoughtfully. They can have a positive impact and broaden the learners’ mindsets by reflecting on various contexts and incorporating personal interests. Overall, the technologies assist in aligning how and what students learn.

Things To Consider When Building Recreational Facilities

If your sports academy is located in a rented property or a property that you purchased pre-designed, your biggest dream is likely to build and design your own sports facility from scratch. That way, you could see to it that your facility had all of the features that you wanted built to your specifications. You would have a place for your weights, there would be a space for aerobic training, you would have a place to put a grappling dummy for MMA and BJJ training, and, of course, you would have a nice office that allows you to carry out all of the administrative aspects of the work. The reason why building your own recreational facilities has likely just remained a dream is because of how difficult it is to secure the funding. Let’s say, for the sake of argument, that you are able to get the funding needed. A question you might want to ask yourself is whether or not building a new academy is the best option. Those who have gone through the process can tell you that it is a lot more challenging to build a new building from scratch than it is to rent a facility or purchase a facility that is already built. We are going to take some time to review the pros and cons of constructing your own sports facility.

Why Constructing a Sports Facility Would Be a Good Idea

First and foremost, it is an investment. Most business minded people prefer to own something as opposed to renting it. This is because they understand that owning is a good financial investment. Of course, not all properties turn out to be a good investment. One of the first things you have to consider when building a sports facility is the location. By location, we don’t just mean where the property is physically located, but we also mean the market in the area around its location. When you make the investment and build a sports facility, you have the option to increase the value of your investment down the road by tailoring it to the needs of your clients as their likes change over the years. You can also tailor it to something that you think will sell quickly when and if the time comes to sell the property. When you own, you do not have a landlord. So you’re not dealing with rent hikes, and you don’t have to worry about your landlord trying to evict you for no reason. That being said, not having a landlord means that you are the one who is responsible for the upkeep of your sports facility. Not only do you need to keep it functional, but you need to keep it safe. Failure to do this could result in future financial challenges.

The Downsides of Building a Sports Facility

There is, of course, the downsides of building a sports facility. One of the biggest challenges you may face is interacting with local government. There are so many rules and regulations that dictat how real estate can be used. Before building your sports facility, you are going to have to submit plans to the zoning department of the municipality where you want to construct. This may lead to other challenges you do not foresee. For example, let’s say you want to build a facility that has multiple indoor tennis courts that allow your clients to play games indoors. The municipality where you want to build may require you to build additional parking spaces because they determine the number of parking spaces needed by the square footage of the building. This may entail an unwanted financial burden. Speaking of financial burdens, unless you are self funded, you may find it difficult to get a loan. Lending institutions happily finance things when they feel that the construction is low risk. A sports academy is not considered low risk. If you look around your city, you have likely seen sports academies come and go. The success rate for this type of endeavor is not the best. This doesn’t mean that there are no financing options for you. You’ll likely get a loan, but you’re going to have to come up with a larger down payment and your credit history will definitely come into play. Things to Consider When Building a New Sports Facility The first thing you want to consider is a list of the activities you will have available at your sports facility. Part of this includes determining which sports will need specific areas in the facility. For example, if you’re going to have soccer, you’re going to need to have a soccer pitch. You also need to ask yourself what age group you are looking to help. Children playing soccer will have different safety requirements than adults. Think about the activities you are going to offer based on the season. Having this in mind is going to help your design team build the right sports complex. Next, select the contractor. There are going to be a lot of contractors who are eager to take your money. But our recommendation is that you only work with a contractor who has built sports facilities before. Look at their websites to see their past projects and talk to their previous clients. It’s recommended that you talk with up to five contractors before making your final decision. Drainage and irrigation are important even if you are going to have a synthetic turf field. With synthetic material, irrigation is not so important, but drainage is a must. Are you in a floodplain? Using historical weather data and your budget, you will be able to make irrigation decisions that will extend the life of your facility. There are other important factors to consider, including parking, lighting, and safety. To be honest, we have just begun to scratch the surface of the things you need to consider when building a new sports complex. Have you had the experience of starting a new project like this? We would love to hear about your experiences in the comments section below.

Biomedical engineering: career tips & education information

Engineering has a lot of subfields that offer students the possibility to broaden their potential career paths. One of these subfields is represented by biomedical engineering, which combines more than just one discipline. If traditional engineering is focused on mathematics and other applied sciences, biomedical engineering also includes fields such as biology and chemistry. Biomedical engineering, shortened BME, is a multidisciplinary field that combines various fields, namely medicine (diagnosis, monitoring, therapy) and engineering (solving skills). BME has other subfields as well, depending on the branch that is selected by the engineer. For instance, one can specialize in biomedical optics, tissue or genetic engineering, pharmaceutical engineering or even neural engineering, all being related by the aforementioned solving skills. Biomechanics combines the mechanics method which is studied in traditional engineering with the functioning of the human body from a mechanical point of view, thus combining basic biology with the concepts in engineering. Here are some other details related to this field:

What duties biomedical engineers have?

Biomedical engineers usually engage in a very specific type of activities that differ from one branch of biomedical engineering to another. There are a few tasks that are common for multiple branches. The basic biomedical engineer should be able to come up with medical equipment prototypes. For instance, biomedical engineers are the ones behind creating artificial organs that can replace actual human body parts. Combining the mechanics of engineering with the science of medicine has such medical equipment as a result. Biomedical engineers also need to provide technical support for the equipment they create in the field of medicine, especially considering that the health of people depends on the use of it. Biomedical engineers hold a great responsibility because they need to assess the state of the biomedical tools. A safe environment of using these tools is evaluated solely by biomedical engineers. Other duties involve training people who work in the medical field to use the equipment that biomedical engineers create. The personnel has to use the equipment correctly in order to obtain the safest results. Biological engineers can also research topics of interest in fields such as chemistry, biological systems of animals or other sciences in order to come up with new, innovative approaches. Based on the research they obtain, biomedical engineers can recommend various procedures that may revolutionize the medical world. The basic duty of a biomedical engineer is to design new devices for the healthcare industry, and other tasks result from this one. Biomedical engineers can also opt for specializing in one single field after obtaining their diploma. A few of these specializations include instrumentation, materials, mechanics, clinical and rehabilitation, all in a relationship with the biological field. Bioinstrumentation mostly refers to developing the necessary tools in diagnosing/treating certain medical conditions. Biomaterials mostly refer to studying implantation devices. Biomechanics combines multiple disciplines among which studying chemistry, physiology, thermodynamics to come up with solutions for a wide range of medical challenges and issues.

Relevant skills for biomedical engineers

When it comes to who is suitable for becoming a biomedical engineer, there are a few skills that one must possess in this sense. First of all, the person must have analytical thinking. All engineers need to analyze information in depth and come up with unique solutions for uncommon problems. The second set of skills that are required to perform well at this job is related to communication and speaking. Without proper communication skills, biomedical engineers wouldn’t be able to understand the needs of the patients or the doctors that they work with. Moreover, biomedical engineers usually work in teams, which means they need to handle teamwork projects efficiently, or even lead them. Being a biomedical engineer also requires creativity and imagination. Even though creativity is sometimes placed oppositely to analytical thinking, engineers require it in order to come up with innovative solutions and devices. The advancements in healthcare wouldn’t be possible without the launch of new devices and technologies, which strictly depend on the creativity of biomedical engineers. As implied by engineering, math, chemistry, and physics are also part of the skillset that biomedical engineers must possess. Dealing with problems everyday implies strong problem-solving skills.

Education requirements

As for the level of education needed to perform as a biomedical engineer, a few factors must be considered. First of all, biomedical engineers may need to follow multiple areas of study, depending on the selected specialization. A biomedical engineer working in research only needs one degree. A biomedical engineer that works in a topical area may need degrees in more than one simple field. Some biomedical engineers follow studies in managerial sciences as well. The education level solely depends on the branch selected for performing further. In most cases, the basic engineer MBA will only ensure a place in basic research jobs. Depending on the type of studies that were finished by the biomedical engineer, the salaries may differ. An engineer that has a multiple degrees may generate an average annual wage of $100 000, while a biomedical engineer that only works in healthcare may generate one of $50 000. Education is a determining criterion of the salary and all fields involve full working hours and interacting with patients, managers, and doctors on a daily basis.

Job opportunities

As for job opportunities, some countries are in need of biomedical engineer positions while others are saturated in this sense. The number of job opportunities differs from one year to another, but several studies determined that the jobs in the field of biomedical engineering will be increased with almost 10 percent until 2025. Because of this reason, the employment in this field will suffer a beneficial growth that is going to allow more people to have a career in this field. The current technological advancements also sustain the demand of biomedical engineers, as they are the only ones who can create innovative devices that could completely revolutionize the medical field. All people who are thinking about following a career in this field should take advantage of this growth and the considerable salaries offered.

PBN in 2019: New Best Practices to Employ

It’s 2019, and everyone’s wondering if PBNs or Private Blog Networks are still worth building. Some would say yes, while others say no. Looking back at how it started (who can forget how Google penalized two public blog network and made them a cautionary tale?), there will always be proponents and opponents of this SEO technique. PBNs gathered steam in 2014, but people have been searching about them since 2005 based on Google Trends. It is highly likely that it has been used by many SEOs since then or even earlier. When it became the go-to strategy for grey hat SEO, the conversation went from “maybe” to “how to use PBNs effectively”. In fact, deciding which is the best solution for hosting became a critical part of building PBNs. After all, the choice of web hosting has a direct impact on whether your PBN will be flagged for a manual review. The success of PBNs, however, depends on many factors. You should first have a look at PBN introduction.

What is a PBN or Private Blog Network?

This is a network that has a number of blogs linking back to the main blog. It helps a blog rank on the top of search results, which is basically equivalent to manipulating SERPs using a number of backlinks. For this reason, search engines have developed smarter algorithms that can de-index a page using PBNs. So why bother? It provides a shortcut to ranking a page. For instance, content can be spun, cutting down the time needed to develop content. You can also use a Waybackmachine to search for blogs that have been used as PBNs and analyze the quality of their links. The process is not entirely quick and easy. But it is quicker and easier than building a blog from scratch. So, is PBN still worth building in 2019? Yes it is. You just need to be smart about it and ensure you have a good return on investment and a good return on time.

2019 PBN Best Practices

The new formula is PBNs + Outreach

Most PBN links are directed to the homepage, which will make the page highly suspicious if it becomes saturated with links. There should be links to inner pages as well. This can be achieved through outreach, where you find other websites to exchange page links with or guest posts. Building a successful PBN and evade de-indexation is not easy. But the new formula has an added a new challenge to the strategy. In the past, PBNs are the way to eliminate the need to do outreach or build relationships, which many consider a waste of time. This isn’t exactly a good thing but the focus then was to use time wisely, not outreach. 2019 is telling you something else entirely. If you look at it, outreach is the solution to strengthen PBN’s weak spot. A volume of PBNs is half the power of link building that provides short-term boosting strength. What you need is the other half that offers long-term benefits through links that continue to mature in authority and trust. So, this 2019, your blog should have a blend of PBNs and Outreach.

Optimize anchor text

The wrong anchor text makes anything look bad. So you should master choosing the right anchor text and distributing them properly. Matt Diggity of Diggity Marketing has provided a complete guide for optimization that you can use in 2019. One thing is vital, however, Anchors must look natural, resulting in variety. The more natural anchors come from your backlinks, the less likely they’ll look the same.

• Use a mix of different texts
• Use a pillow anchor with the usual Target + City anchors
• Use a diverse set of anchors--Brand Anchors, Target Anchors, Topic Anchors, URL Anchors
• Use miscellaneous phrase--”click here”, “learn more”

As for the type of distribution to use, do your homework and find out which strategy is typically used in your niche.

Avoid keyword cannibalization

• This happens when a single site has two pages or more that rank for the same keywords.
• If two or all of the pages come up for the same query a user searches, all of them are performing worse than a single page doing badly on SERPs.
• So make sure to check for keyword cannibalization. Use Ahrefs tools and refer to their cannibalization guide.

Measure link velocity

• How many new links do you need to get per unit of time to make a real difference in ranking?
• The exact number or calculation remains a hot topic for debate but nothing like a good measurement to provide you with answers.
• Track a steady drip of links per month and see if they make serious changes. Does the velocity measure accumulation at a slow or fast pace?

Link PBNs to Outreach

This practice gained popularity in 2018 and is likely to continue in 2019. It is one way to boost tier 1 (best) links by linking them with tier 2 (low-quality) links. With PBNs providing a source of links at all levels, you should employ this strategy.

Go slow with backlinks during the sandbox stage

Consider this as the probationary period for young domains. This means staying true to the whitest hat ranking factors and following Google’s guidelines like a good boy. With a young domain under close scrutiny, doing anything and everything to reach the top quickly and outrank other top sites is a recipe for disaster. The site will get stuck in the sandbox.

Recycle PBNs

Have you reached the #1 position? Rather than stop link velocity, which will put you at risk of being kicked down the rankings, you should recycle PBNs to keep backlink activity fresh and active. Many SEOs employ different strategies to make this happen.

• Kill and replace 1 link per week
• Remove 1 link and add 2 more or vice versa

With this strategy, the link profile is kept fresh minus the risk of changes that may cause penalties.

PBNs or No PBNs?

Using a private blog network is not failproof, but it does provide you with a level of control in SEO. You also get instant authority, especially when leveraging an aged and trusted website’s authority. Success won’t come easy. But employ the best PBN practices in 2019 and you will be closer to it.

Voyager 2 Became the Second Spacecraft which Reached the Outer Space

According to information published by representatives of the US space agency NASA, the Voyager 2 spacecraft, which is now at a distance of 18 billion kilometers (11 billion miles) from Earth, has reached the outer space. The data recently transmitted by Voyager 2 indicates that it has successfully “pierced” the heliosphere, the protective “bubble” of charged particles and magnetic fields that “envelops” the solar system, protecting its planets from external cosmic radiation. Let us remind our readers that the Voyager 2 was launched into space on August 20, 1977, 16 days earlier than its twin, the Voyager 1 was launched. Both Voyager mission devices carry identical scientific equipment and a Golden Record gold plate containing various sounds and a brief history of our world and civilization. Currently, the Voyager 2 has been in space for more than 41 years and 3 months, making it the longest living man-made spacecraft. Note that the mission was originally planned for a much shorter period, about five years, during which Jupiter and Saturn and the vicinities of these giant planets of our system had to be studied by the device. After the end of the main mission and the solution of all tasks, the mission’s leadership decided to send the Voyager 2 apparatus even deeper into space, to Uranus and Neptune. For this reason, some remote upgrades were carried out, which affected mainly the onboard computers and controller's software. Let us remind our readers that the Voyager 1 apparatus in 2012 became the first man-made object that managed to cross the heliosphere border of our system and enter the outer space. Now the Voyager 2 became the second spacecraft to do so, but this case provided scientists with a very large amount of valuable scientific information because they already knew in advance what they would have to face and what they should pay attention to first. The value of the data collected by the Voyager 2 increased due to the fact that its instrument Plasma Science Experiment (PSE) at the time of crossing the outer layer of the heliosphere was in a fully operational state. Note that the same tool in the apparatus Voyager 1 was malfunctioning since 1980. The PSE tool is designed to measure electric currents induced by the solar wind, which makes it possible to determine the speed, density, temperature, and pressure of the solar wind. The universe is a fascinating place, the adventures and struggles of which should be experienced with someone you love by your side, so be sure to visit this dating video chat for all of your dating needs! On November 5, the equipment of the Voyager 2 apparatus began to register a sharp decrease in the velocity of the particles of the solar wind. This is the main sign of the achievement of the so-called heliopause region, an area where the pressure of the solar wind begins to be balanced by the pressure of the interstellar medium. At the same time, other tools began to issue additional data, which served as confirmation of the above fact. Now the environment in which the Voyager 2 apparatus is located is strikingly different from everything that it has had to deal with earlier. The relatively high temperature of the solar wind has changed to the cold of a rather dense interstellar medium. Despite the fact that the Voyager 2 has already left the heliosphere, it is still quite far from the generally accepted boundary of the solar system which is located outside the horizon cloud. The Orta cloud is a massive "bubble" of particles and blocks of ice, the inner boundary of which is at a distance of 1000 astronomical units from the sun. For reference, the astronomical unit is equivalent to the average distance between the Earth and the Sun and is approximately 149.67 million kilometers. Unfortunately, the Voyager 2 will no longer be able to send images taken in interstellar space to Earth. In order to save the scarce electricity, all the cameras and other non-essential scientific instruments for the current mission were turned off. Since the Voyager mission vehicles are very far from the Sun and cannot rely on solar batteries, the main source of their energy is a radioisotope thermogenerator, the power output of which decreases by 4 watts over the course of one year.

3 Writing Projects You Can Finish in a Single Day

Writing is an art that is utilized in numerous areas of life. The same art is applied to projects that require specialized skills in research, writing, editing. Without sticking to the right procedure of doing a writing project, the content of any document will fail to deliver the intended message sufficiently or you spend more hours than needed, for example, 24 hours instead of 2 hours. Assess the scope of your project now! Let us take a look at the general procedure in the writing process as well as the necessary steps incorporated in writing a project you need to write today - an essay, report, case study or research paper.

3 Top Writing Projects to Complete Fast within 24 Hours

1. Creative writing projects that involve writing dialogues, poems, short stories and other pieces of creative writing. The only condition of good writing is writing in a creative way. What does it mean? Just use your imagination on a page and it will be appreciated. For quick results in creative writing, you need to know 15 ways to increase imagination and creativity.
2. 500-word essays that will be about a page and a half. You can heave a sigh of relief immediately after you are assigned to do this project instead of writing a research paper. You are just required to write 500 words on the essay topic. So don’t worry if you recollect about this assignment in the last minute, you’ll succeed in it fast. It is possible to write even in an hour only if you follow the effective tips of urgent writing. Keep in mind that it is better to stick to the point rather than beating about the bush.
3. Article reviews that are aimed at summarizing and evaluating another writer's article. What can be simpler than reading an article and reviewing it accordingly? Believe a single day will be devoted to the given project in case if you take the next 5 steps in the quick writing process.

5 Main Steps in the Quick Writing Process

The following is a detailed breakdown of the general writing procedure for any project you need now:

• Have an idea of what to write about. Everything deserves proper planning and writing is not exceptional. Planning involves having a clear picture of what you intend to write about. This way you can swing into action seamlessly. Not only is this applicable in creative writing, but it also cuts across other forms of writing including official and formal. It would be easier to take note of any ideas that cross your mind in a notebook.

• Build on your idea. Ideas just give you a sketch of what you intend to come up with. The next stage of writing is to get some flesh onto your sketch. Here you undertake brainstorming and free writing which is basically expounding and actualizing your imaginations. Additionally, no editing on flow and other errors is required at this point. After compiling your random ideas, the next step would be to pick out the most appealing one that corresponds with the heading or the aim of your final draft. The ideas gathered here will form the actual book or paper.

• Begin writing a project. Now that you have the ideas and a proper plan of execution you can delve into the actual writing process. Now that this is your first draft, do not keep your focus on grammar or word count. Similarly, you should not freak out about veering off the topic. This stage involves a lot of free writing. As a matter of fact, even the best writers produce several drafts before getting it right.

• Revise your work. By this time, you should at least have one draft of your ideas. Revision involves a lot of things. To begin with, you should check whether you draft is in line with the topic. Other than that, confirm if the word count is right. In addition to that, you can rearrange the format to your liking, remove some parts that seem irrelevant or replace words and sentences with better ones.
• Edit and proofread your written content. A flawless project will be more appealing to whoever reads it. That is why you should refine your draft. No matter how perfect you may be, you are still expendable when it comes to making mistakes in one way or the other. That is why we have this stage. Look out for spelling errors, punctuation, omissions, repetitions, grammar, and clarity. In case you hire a freelancer from fast essay writing service, this might also be a great time to go through your paper and eliminate any shortcomings. Editing and proofreading is the final stage for any writing process.

Finally, a proper procedure guarantees the instant effective communication and the right course of action will direct you to quick results in writing. Rather than use 24/7 fast essay writing services to write your project, you can make use of the procedures above to create the best paper ever.