The Engineering Projects

Introduction to Arduino Uno WiFi Rev 2

Hello Everyone! Hope you’re well today. Happy to see you around. In this post today, I’ll walk you through the Introduction to Arduino Uno WiFi Rev 2. Arduino Uno WiFi Rev 2 is a microcontroller board based on ATmega4809 and carries an ECC608 crypto chip to ensure a secure and safe WiFi connection. The board contains 14 digital I/O pins, 5 PWM pins, 6 analog pins, one SPI protocol, one I2C, and one UART communication protocol. I suggest you read this entire post till the end as I’ll detail the complete Introduction to Arduino Uno WiFi Rev2 covering pinout, pin description, features, programming, and applications. Let’s jump right in.

Introduction to Arduino Uno WiFi Rev 2

• The Arduino Uno WiFi Rev 2 is a microcontroller board that is mainly based on the ATmega4809 microcontroller.
• Contains a temperature sensor and a 6 axis accelerometer/gyroscope for motion sensing. Generally employed to develop fall sensors, step counters, door opening alarms.
• A brand new ECC608 crypto chip accelerator is included on the board to ensure a secure WiFi connection.

• The safe and secure WiFi connection makes it an ideal pick for several industries including consumer electronics, automotive, agriculture, logging data, and small home automation projects.
• The oscillator speed is 16MHz which is required for the synchronization of all internal functions.
• There are total 14 digital I/O incorporated on the board out of which 5 are used as PWM pins and 6 analog pins are available on the board.

 

• The flash memory is 48KB that is mainly employed to store the sketch (Arduino program is called a sketch) while the EEPROM is 256bytes and SRAM is 6KB.
• The EEPROM is a non-volatile memory which means it stays stored in the board even if power is removed from the board. While SRAM is used to manipulate and generate variables when it is activated.
• The DC current for the 3.3V pin is 50 mA and the DC current per I/O pin is 20mA. And the recommended input voltage ranges from 7V to 12V.
• The operating voltage of this board is 5V. Moreover, this board also incorporates Secure Element = ATECC608A and Radio module = u-blox NINA-W102
• This board is an advanced version of Arduino Uno. But the processor architecture of this Rev 2 board is different than the Arduino Uno since it incorporates a different chip. The program you write for Arduino Uno will not work with Arduino Uno WiFi Rev 2.
• Other features include a power jack, USB connection, a reset button, and an ICSP header. ICSP header is used to develop communication with other devices while pressing a reset button will reset the board and start the program from the initial stage.

Arduino Uno WiFi Rev 2 Pinout

The following figure shows the pinout diagram of Arduino Uno WiFi Rev 2.  

Arduino Uno WiFi Rev 2 Pin Description

This was all about the brief introduction to Arduino Uno WiFi Rev 2. In this section, we’ll detail the pin description of each pin incorporated on the board. Let’s get started.

Digital Pins

14 digital pins are installed on the board which you can use as an input or output according to the requirement. These pins get only two values i.e. HIGH or LOW. When they receive 0V they are in a LOW state and when they receive 5V they are in the HIGH state.

Analog Pins

6 analog pins are available on the board. These pins can receive any number of values in comparison to digital pins that only get two values HIGH or LOW.

PWM Pins

Out of 14 digital pins, 5 are used as PWM pins. These pins generate analog results with digital means. These pins are mainly used to control the speed of the motor.

SPI Pins

This board features the SPI protocol. Which serial peripheral interface communication protocol. It is used to develop communication between the controller and other peripheral devices like shift registers and sensors. It contains two Pins i.e. MISO (Master Input Slave Output) and MOSI (Master Output Slave Input) are mainly incorporated for SPI communication between devices. These pins are used to send or receive data by the controller.

I2C

I2C is a two-wire communication protocol. It contains two pins SCL and SDL. The SCL is a serial clock line used to synchronize all data transfer over the I2C bus while SDL is a serial data line used to carry the data.

UART Pins

The UART is a serial communication protocol. It contains two pins Rx and Tx. The Rx is the receiving pin used to receive serial data while Tx is a transmission pin used to transmit the serial data.

Arduino Uno WiFi Rev 2 Features

The following are the main features of Arduino Uno WiFi Rev 2.

• Microcontroller = ATmega4809
• Input Voltage (recommended) = 7 - 12V
• Operating Voltage = 5V
• DC Current for 3.3V Pin = 50 mA
• DC Current per I/O Pin = 20mA
• Digital I/O Pins = 14
• Analog Input Pins = 6
• PWM Pins = 5
• Flash Memory = 48KB

• EEPROM = 256bytes
• SRAM = 6KB
• UART = 1
• SPI = 1
• I2C = 1
• Oscillator = 16MHz
• Secure Element = ATECC608A
• Radio module = u-blox NINA-W102
• Inertial Measurement Unit = LSM6DS3TR
• Size = 53x68mm
• Weight = 25g

Programming

• The board contains a USB port. Simply connect the board with the computer through a USB cable and start playing with it. The Arduino IDE (integrated development environment) software is mainly used to program all Arduino boards.
• Moreover, this board carries an internal Bootloader that is employed to burn the program inside the controller. This means you don’t need an external burner to burn and program the microcontroller board.
• While you open up this IDE software, you will be presented with LED basic program through which you can check if your board is working fine.

Arduino Uno WiFi Rev 2 Applications

• Used in fall sensors, step counters, door opening alarms.
• Due to the presence of WiFi connection ability, it is mainly employed for IoT applications.
• Used in embedded systems and control systems
• Used in educational projects

That’s all for today. Hope you’ve got a clear idea about Introduction to Arduino Uno WiFi Rev 2. If you have any query, you can pop your comment in the section below, I’d love to help you the best way I can. You’re most welcome to share your valuable suggestions and feedback around the content we share so we keep producing such content customized to your exact needs and requirements. Thank you for reading the article.

Introduction to Arduino Mega 2560 Rev3

Hi Friends! Hope you’re well today. I welcome you on board. In this post today, I’ll walk you through the Introduction to Arduino Mega 2560 Rev3. The Arduino Mega 2560 Rev3 is a microcontroller board that is based on the ATmega2560 microcontroller. The Arduino boards are widely used in the automation industry and embedded projects. Almost all boards work similarly with few exceptions. Other boards like Arduino Uno, Arduino Nano, Arduino Every, Arduino Beetle all seem a good pick for the projects that require little memory to store the program. However, when the nature of projects go complex that require more memory and a rich set of I/O interfaces, the Arduino Mega 2560 Rev3 comes into play. This board is an advanced version of the board Arduino Mega 2560. I suggest you buckle up and read this entire post till the end as I’ll detail the complete Introduction to Arduino Mega 2560 Rev3 covering pinout, pin description, features, programming, and applications. Let’s get started.

Introduction to Arduino Mega 2560 Rev3

• The Arduino Mega 2560 Rev3 is a microcontroller board that is based on the ATmega2560 microcontroller.
• There are total 54 digital I/O pins available on the board out of which 15 pins are used as PWM pins. There are 15 analog pins incorporated on the board.
• The board comes with 4 serial ports, one SPI, and one I2C communication protocol.
• The operating voltage of the device is 5V while the input voltage ranges from 6V to 20V while the recommended input voltage ranges from 7V to 12V.

• The oscillator clock speed is 16MHz which ensures the synchronization of the internal functions.
• The Arduino Program (sketch) is stored in the Flash memory which is 256KB and SRAM is 8KB while the EEPROM is 4KB.

• The SRAM is responsible for producing and manipulating the variables when it runs and EEPROM is a non-volatile memory that remains stored in the board even if power is removed.
• It is important to note that Arduino Duemilanove/UNO is compatible with Arduino Mega 2560 which projects the shields developed for Duemilanove stands fit for this mega board.
• You can say Arduino Mega 2560 is identical to Arduino Uno with more memory and rich I/O interfaces so it is mainly used for more complex and advanced projects.
• This device is also incorporated with a new USB chip (similar to Arduino UNO) - ATmega16U2 (previously ATmega8U2 or FTDI chips were used).
• This board incorporates two voltage regulators i.e. 5V and 3.3V which gives the ability to regulate the voltage as per requirements in contrast to Arduino Uno which comes with only one voltage regulator.
• More features include a power jack, a USB connection, an ICSP header, and a reset button. It comes with everything required to support the microcontroller.

Arduino Mega 2560 Rev3 Pinout

In the following picture, you’ll see the pinout diagram of Arduino Mega 2560 Rev3. The board incorporates 4 LEDs where one is a built-in LED connected to pin 13 of the board. One is a power LED that turns on when the board is turned on. While two LEDs are reserved for Rx and Tx which respond when the serial communication happens on this board.

Arduino Mega 2560 Rev3 Pin Description

Hope you’ve got a brief idea about this Arduino Mega board. In this section, we’ll highlight the pin description of each pin incorporated on the board. Let’s get started.

UART Pins

There are 4 serial ports incorporated on the board. Each UART serial port comes with two pins Rx and Tx. The Rx is the receiving pin that ensures the receiving of serial data while Tx is the transmission pin that guarantees the transmission of serial data.

SPI Pins

The board contains one SPI communication protocol. While is a serial peripheral interface communication protocol. It is used to develop communication between the controller and other peripheral devices like sensors and shift registers. It contains two Pins… MISO (master input slave output) and MOSI (master output slave input) for the SPI communication.

I2C Pins

The board carries one I2C communication protocol. It carries two pins SDL and SCL. The SDL is the serial data pin that carries the data while SCL is the serial clock line that ensures the synchronization of data transfer over I2C bus.

Digital Pins

This comes with the most number of digital I/O pins incorporated on any Arduino board. The reason it is called Arduino Mega. It is also capable to store more memory of the Arduino program in the Flash memory. You can use these 54 pins as an input or output based on the requirement. These pins receive two values HIGH and LOW. When they receive 5V the pins are at HIGH state while when they receive 0V the pins remain in a LOW state.

Analog Pins

The board contains 15 analog pins. These pins can get any values in contrast to digital pins that receive only two values HIGH and LOW.

PWM Pins

Out of 54 digital I/O pins, 15 pins can be used as PWM pins. These pins generate analog results with digital means.

Arduino Mega 2560 Rev3 Features

The main features of Arduino Mega 2560 Rev3 are described below.

• Microcontroller = ATmega2560
• Input Voltage (limit) = 6-20V
• Input Voltage (recommended) = 7-12V
• SPI = 1
• I2C = 1
• UART = 4
• Digital I/O Pins = 54
• Analog Pins = 16
• PWM Pins = 15
• DC Current for 3.3V Pin = 50 mA
• DC Current per I/O Pin = 20 mA
• Clock Speed = 16MHz
• Flash Memory = 256 KB

• EEPROM = 4 KB
• SRAM = 8 KB
• LED_BUILTIN = 13
• Size = 53x101mm
• Weight = 37g

Programming

The Arduino.cc has introduced the official software Arduino IDE to program all Arduino boards. The Arduino Mega 2560 Rev3 comes with a USB comes that is used to program the board. Simply connect the board with the computer using a USB cable and start playing with it. Moreover, the board comes with an internal Bootloader which is used to burn the program inside the controller. Setting you free from buying the external burner to burn the program.

Difference between Arduino Mega 2560 R2 and R3

• Two more pins are included in each row of the pin. In the "digital section" two-pin header sockets are available: 10 and 8 pins, despite 2 x 8. While in the "analog section" two pins 8 and 6 are included instead of 2 x 6.
• ATmega16U, chip for USB communication, replaced the ATmega8U chip in the R3 board. And it comes with16 kB of flash memory as compared to 8.
• Now digital section incorporates two separate pins for I2C communication i.e. SDL and SCL.
• It is important to note that, these pins are not considered additional signals. In the case of Arduino UNO R2, two pins SDA and SCL are incorporated at A5 and A4. In R3 they reserve the same spot, merging new pins with old ones.

Arduino Mega 2560 Rev3 Applications

This mega board is an ideal pick for the projects requiring more memory space to store the program and require a rich set of I/O interfaces. The following are the main applications of Arduino Mega 2560 Rev3.

• Controlling and handling more than one motors
• Developing 3D printer
• Sensing and detecting temperature
• Interfacing of number of sensors
• Parallel programming and Multitasking
• Home automation and security systems
• Embedded Systems
• Water level detection projects

That’s all for today. Hope you find this article helpful. If you’re unsure or have any questions, you can approach me in the section below, I’d love to help you the best way I can. Feel free to share your valuable suggestions and feedback around the content we share. This helps us create quality content customized to your exact needs and requirements. Thank you for reading the post.

A Detailed Guide on PCB Fabrication Process

Hi Friends! Happy to see you around. Thank you for clicking this read. In this post today, I’ll document a detailed guide on the PCB fabrication process. PCB is commonly used in modern electronics. If you uncover the TV set and have a look inside, you’ll find a printed circuit board, electrically connecting components on the board. There are copper traces incorporated on the board to electrically connect the components and provide the current flow from one part to another. These printed boards make devices precise and compact that are capable of doing more functions than the devices where the end to end wiring is used. Circuit boards are divided into three main types. Let’s discuss each type one by one so you can better understand the structure of each type before employing them in the relevant application.

If you don’t want to undergo this intimidating fabrication process of the board, you can get help from the online PCB manufacturers. We are quite satisfied with PCBWay services, so I am going to recommned this one.

PCBWay is a great place to get your ready-made PCBs. Simply submit your details, and they will return the PCB quote for the given project, which you’ll get within 2-5 business days. They have a team of professionals, ready to guide you throughout the process.

Main Types of Printed Circuit Board

Circuit boards are categorized into three types.

Single-sided Circuit Boards

Single-sided PCB, also called single layer PCB, is composed of woven glass epoxy material which is incorporated with copper traces on one board side and another board side is utilized to put components on the board. These copper traces electrically connect the different components on the board.

Double-sided Circuit Boards

Double-sided PCB, also called two-layer PCB, is made of the same rigid woven glass epoxy material that is used in single-sided PCB, and there’s a little difference. Here both board sides are incorporated with the copper traces. And traces are kept with different thicknesses depending on the application.

Multiple-sided Circuit Boards

In Multi-layer PCB copper foil is employed rather than a copper coating. This copper foil helps in the construction of different layers until you reach the required number of layers.

Main Parts of PCB

Let’s elaborate on the basic parts of the PCB before documenting the fabrication process.

Substrate

This is termed as the PCB skeleton – the most fundamental structure of the board. Fiberglass is utilized to construct the substrate material. Fiberglass confirms the core strength, making board strong, stern, and solid.

Copper Layer

The following part is the copper layer. Depending on the PCB type, copper coating or copper foil is employed on one side or the two sides of PCB. This copper layer is used to provide an electrical connection between the board’s components. This is like the nervous system of the brain that contains neurotransmitters to communicate with the body muscles.

Solder Mask

On the third number comes the solder mask. It is a defensive layer composed of a polymer that goes about as a PCB skin. It helps in securing the copper layer. It also helps protect the board from short-circuiting.

Silkscreen

Silkscreen, also called legend or nomenclature, is the last part of the PCB. It is normally smeared on the board’s component side. This layer is utilized to demonstrate logos, switch settings, part number, test points, and component reference.

PCB Fabrication Process

In this part, we’ll demonstrate the PCB fabrication process in detail.

Step 1: The Initial Design

Everything begins with the fundamental design. A comprehensive PCB design is made on the software. There are multiple software used for the PCB design including Altium Designer, Eagle, OrCad, Pads, Proteus or KiCad When the design is made, the document is then exported. Most manufacturers support the extended Gerber file… so be sure your final document is exported in the Gerber file. It is important to know that different software comes with different Gerber file generation steps, however, all these software constitute comprehensive information about copper tracking layers, drill drawing, component notations apertures, and other options.

Step 2: The Print Process

The PCB is printed using the plotted printer. It produces the resultant film which is made of different layers. The black ink shows the conductive copper traces on the other hand the clear ink represents the non-conductive portions. This is used for inner layers. On the layers outside this pattern is switched for example the clear ink demonstrates the conductive copper traces and black ink shows the non-conductive regions.

Step 3: The Substrate Material

Recall, the substrate is considered as the skeleton of the PCB that is made of fiberglass. This fiberglass behaves like an insulating material that is used to connect the various elements.

Step 4: The layers

In the fourth step, resist is made that is composed of photosensitive film. Photo-reactive chemicals are used in this resist. When these chemicals come under the UV light, it helps in hardening the resist.

Step 5: Hardening the Photoresist Layer

In this step, underlying copper pathways are revealed. Which is achieved by hardening the photoresist layer. The photoresist layer gets hardened when a combination of resist and laminate is exposed to the UV light.

Step 6: Removal of Unused Copper

In this step, unwanted copper is removed. Unwanted copper is removed using the alkaline solution. While you’re at this process, be careful that it doesn’t affect the photoresist layer.

Step 7: Inspection

Optical inspection and layer alignment are done in this step. Both the outer and inner layers are aligned using the holes. Everything is aligned using the punch machine.

Step 8: Lamination Process

At stage 8, both outer and inner layers are pushed together for the cover. These layers are fused whenever they are examined, ensuring they are without any defect. These layers are aligned using the Prepreg made of epoxy resin. Metal clamps are used to set everything in place. The Prepreg material is covered with the substrate and copper foil. Everything is kept in place using pins and the mechanical press is employed to punch everything together. When heat and pressure are applied to the epoxy material, it melts down causing layers to fuse together. The actual PCB is then removed by removing the pins and press plates.

Step 9: Drilling Process

After stage 8, the drilling process is carried out. An X-ray machine is used to locate the drill spots before applying drilling on the layers. Holes are created using a computer-guided drill. Leftover copper is then removed after the drilling process is completed.

Step 10: PCB Plating

After the drilling process, a specific compound is applied to weave all layers together. This process is called PCB plating. A series of chemicals are then used to cleanse the PCB layers. The copper layer is applied between the drilled holes and on the top of the layer during this bathing process.

Step 11: Outer Layer Imaging

Another layer of photoresist is employed at the PCB outer layers once the PCB plating is done. This photoresist layer is then exposed to UV light which hardens this layer. In this process, again PCB plating is applied using certain chemicals that again helps in fusing the layers together. The process is similar as we did in the last PCB plating process. The copper appears on the PCB outside layer is secured by the plating of tin which is developed around the outer layers.

Step 12: The Etching Process

The tin guard is created during the last process. During the etching of this outer layer, the tin guard is utilized to secure the copper layer. After this process, unused copper is removed while the tin guard developed during the last process still protects the copper present on the outside layer.

Step 13: Applying the Solder Mask

When the unused copper is removed it results in the making of proper PCB connections. In this step, we do solder masking. The final PCB panels now undergo the bathing process before we employ the solder mask. Ink proxy is used with the solder mask after the cleaning process has been finished. Then the product undergoes the UV light which results in the removal of the unused solder mask. After this step, we put PCB in the oven that develops the green colors on the PCB panels.

Step 14: Final Surface Finish

In this step silver and gold materials are applied to produce the final surface finish. These materials ensure the core strength of the PCB layers and help in improving the elements bonding. After plating the PCB layers with materials like silver and gold, silk-screening is applied. In this silk screening process the necessary details like manufactures marks, company ID, warning labels are then applied to the layers of PCB.

Step 15: Electrical Testing

In this step, electrical tests are applied to the PCB layers to confirm the functionality of the PCB layers. Two tests are applied… one is a circuit continuity test and the other is the isolation test.

Step 16: Final Cutting Step

In this final step cutting process is carried out the removes the PCB from the original pane. A CNC machine or V-groove is used to remove PCB from the original panel. The final PCB is now ready to be used in an electrical project. That’s all for today. I hope you’ve enjoyed reading this article. If you’re unsure or have any questions, you ask me in the section below. I’d love to help you the best way I can. You’re most welcome to share your valuable suggestions and feedback around the content we share so we keep sharing quality content tailored to your exact needs and requirements. Thank you for reading the article.

Introduction to Arduino Nano 33 IoT

Hi Guys! Hope you’re well today. Happy to see you around. In this post today, I’ll walk you through the Introduction to Arduino Nano 33 IoT. Arduino Nano 33 IoT is mainly used in basic IoT applications. The Internet of things is one of the most exciting and robust developments in the field of information technology. Using this technology you can interface a network of physical things with software, sensors, or other technologies to develop communication and data exchange between devices and other systems using the internet. For example, you can control the room temperature by interfacing the sensors in your rooms with your smartphone through WiFi. Traditional systems including control systems, wireless sensor networks, embedded systems, and home automation all contribute to activating the internet of things. Over the past two decades, networking technologies have been commonly restricted to traditional devices like desktop computers, laptops, and more recently tablets and smartphones. With the inception of innovative technologies, IoT continues to cover scores of devices into the network including medical devices, household appliances, vehicles, electric motors, traffic controls, street lights, smart TVs, and much more. At Arduino, you can either generate your own Arduino Access Point or connect the board with any existing WiFi network. I suggest you buckle up, as I’ll detail the Complete Introduction to Arduino Nano 33 IoT covering pinout, pin description, features, programming, and applications. Let’s get started.

Introduction to Arduino Nano 33 IoT

• Arduino Nano 33 IoT is a microcontroller board based on low power Arm® Cortex®-M0 32-bit SAMD21.
• This board features a u-blox, the NINA-W10 that is a low-power chipset mainly employed to develop Bluetooth and WiFi connectivity.

• With this device, you’ll also get a 6 axis IMU that makes this device an ideal fit for pedometers, vibration alarm systems, and the relative positioning of robots.
• Moreover, this device contains a Microchip® ECC608 crypto chip that stores the cryptographic keys in hardware and guarantees secure and safe communication.
• Visit WiFiNINA library reference page and get a hold of several certain examples available for Arduino Nano 33 IoT.
• This device is completely compatible with the Arduino IoT cloud. You can use the Arduino IoT cloud for free – a simple and efficient way to guarantee safe and secure communication over all connected devices.

• There are 14 digital I/O pins, 8 analog pins, and 11 PWM pins incorporated on board.
• The board contains Flash memory of 256KB. This memory is used to store the Arduino Program (sketch). While the SRAM memory is 32KB that is used to produce and manipulate variables when it runs. There is no EEPROM available on this board.
• The clock frequency of an oscillator is 48MHz which is used for the synchronization of all internal functions.

Arduino Nano 33 IoT Pinout

The following figure shows the pinout diagram of Arduino Nano 33 IoT. The board contains two LEDs i.e. one is a built-in LED connected to pin 13 of the board and the other is the power LED that turns on when power is supplied to the board.

Arduino Nano 33 IoT Pin Description

This is the little introduction to Nano 33. In this section, we will detail the pin description of each pin incorporated on the board.

Digital Pins

The Nano 33 board contains 14 digital pins that you can use as input or output depending on the requirement. These pins receive only two values HIGH or LOW. When pins receive 0V they are in a LOW state when they receive 5V they remain in the HIGH state.

Analog Pins

This board carries 8 analog pins. These pins can receive any value in contrast to digital pins that receive only two values i.e. HIGH or LOW.

PWM Pins

The Nano 33 board features 11 PWM pins. These pins, when activated, generate analog results with digital means.

SPI Pins

This is the serial peripheral interface that is used to develop communication between a controller and other peripheral devices like shift registers or sensors. Two pins: MISO (Master Input Slave Output) and MOSI (Master Output Slave Input) are incorporated for SPI communication between devices. These pins are used to send or receive data by the controller.

I2C Pins

The Nano 33 contains the I2C two-wire communication protocol. It carries two pins SDA and SDL. The SDA is a serial data pin used to carry the data while SCL is a serial clock line used to synchronize all data transfer over the I2C bus. The I2C protocol is used to develop communication between two or more integrated circuits.

UART Pins

This board supports UART serial communication protocol with two pins Tx and Rx. The Tx pin is a transmission pin used to transmit serial data while Rx is a receiving pin mainly employed to receive the serial data.

Arduino Nano 33 IoT Features

• Microcontroller = SAMD21 Cortex®-M0+ 32bit low power ARM MCU
• Secure Element = ATECC608A
• Oscillator = 48 MHz
• Radio module = u-blox NINA-W102
• Input Voltage (limit) = 21V
• Flash Memory = 256KB
• SRAM = 32KB
• EEPROM = no
• DC Current per I/O Pin = 7mA
• Operating Voltage = 3.3V
• Digital I/O pins = 14
• PWM Pins = 11

• Analog Pins = 8
• External Interrupts = All digital pins
• Size = 18x45 mm
• UART = 1
• SPI = 1
• I2C = 1
• Weight = 5gr.

Programming

Arduino.cc has introduced an official software Arduino IDE to program all boards of the Arduino Family. The C and C++ languages are used in this software to program the Arduino boards. The Nano 33 incorporates a USB port through which you can connect the board with the computer using a USB cable. You can send several instructions to the board and control and program the board as you like better. Plus, the Arduino board includes a Bootloader that is mainly used to burn the program inside the controller, setting you free from buying the separate burner to burn the Arduino program.

Related Boards

You might have witnessed a range of Arduino boards at Arduino.cc. Some boards share similar functionalities. If you want to expand your experience you can play with other Arduino boards that come with similar IoT functionalities including: Arduino MKR WiFi 1000 – it is only employed for Wi-Fi applications as it comes with a different chipset than Arduino Nano 33 IoT. Arduino Uno Wifi Rev 2 – it is an educational version of the MKR WiFi 1010, incorporated with an embedded accelerometer and USB-B connector. Arduino MKR Wifi 1010 – It is an advanced version of Nano 33 that features a battery charger but lacks an accelerometer.

Arduino Nano 33 IoT Appications

This board is widely used in IoT applications. You can connect this board with an existing WiFi system and control physical things like vehicles, electric motors, medical devices, street lights… over the internet. That’s all for today. I hope you’ve enjoyed reading this article. If you have any questions, you can approach me in the section below. I’d love to help you the best way I can. Feel free to share your valuable suggestions and feedback around the content we share, so we keep producing quality content based on your needs and requirements. Thank you for reading the article.

Introduction to ATmega4809

Hi Guys! I welcome you on board. Happy to see you around. In this post today, I’ll walk you through the Introduction to ATmega4809. The ATmega4809 is a type of microcontroller that belongs to the megaAVR® 0-series. It features an AVR® processor with a clock speed running at up to 20 MHz. It comes with a Flash memory size up to 48 KB, 256 bytes of EEPROM, and 6 KB of SRAM. It is available in 28-, 32-, 40-, or 48-pin packages. I suggest you buckle up as I’ll detail the complete Introduction to ATmega4809 covering datasheet, pinout, features, power ratings, and applications. Let’s get started.

Introduction to ATmega4809

• The ATmega4809 microcontroller belongs to the megaAVR® 0-series that contains an AVR processor.
• The series carries low power features with the latest core independent peripherals.
• The ATmega4809 utilizes Microchip's latest technologies with an efficient and low-power architecture including SleepWalking, Event System, and accurate analog features.

• This device carries Single-pin Unified Program Debug Interface (UPDI) that is a bi-directional single wire interface and needs a programmer that supports UPDI.

• The clock speed is 20MHz which is required for the synchronization of all internal functions.
• The microcontroller program is stored in the flash memory which is around 48KB. While EEPROM and SRAM are 256bytes and 6KB respectively. Write/Erase endurance for flash memory is 10,000 cycles and for EEPROM is 100,000 cycles.
• SRAM memory is used to produce and manipulate variables when this runs. The EEPROM memory is a non-volatile memory that stays stored in the board even when board power is removed.
• There are 4 UART communication protocols and one SPI and one I2C communication protocol are available on the microcontroller.
• The UART is a serial communication protocol that carries two pins Rx and Tx. The Rx is a receiving pin that is used to receive the serial data while Tx is a transmission pin used to transfer serial data.
• I2C is a two-wire communication protocol that carries two pins SDL and SCL. The SDL is a serial data line that carries the data while SCL is a serial clock line that is used for the synchronization of all data transfer over an I2C bus.
• SPI stands for a serial peripheral interface that is mainly used to develop the communication between the controller and other sensors and shift registers. Two pins: MISO (Master Input Slave Output) and MOSI (Master Output Slave Input) are incorporated for SPI communication. These pins are installed to receive or send data by the controller.
• This device comes with three sleep modes: Idle, standby, and power down. The sleep mode is the mode when nothing happens. Simply put, during sleep mode device remains in rest mode. As nothing taking place during the sleep mode, at that point the device consumes the lowest power and the crystal oscillator is turned off.

• The device also offers a power-on-reset (POR) and brown-out-detection (BOD). The power-on-reset just resets the device when the signal is provided to the device.
• The brown-out-detection is a protection circuit that monitors when the supply voltage goes below down a certain level and consequently puts the device into a reset state which leads to proper startup when power is applied back again.
• The controller also contains 16-channel 10-bit ADC and an analog comparator.
• Other features include configurable custom logic, 5x16 bit timer, cyclical redundancy check, watchdog timer, and hardware multiplier.

ATmega4809 Datasheet

Before you incorporate this device into your electrical project, it’s wise to scan through the datasheet of the component that features the main characteristics of the device. Click the link below and download the datasheet of ATmega4809.

Available Packages

ATmega4809 comes in different pin mappings mainly dependent on the current hardware.

48 Pin Package

It is the standard pin package that comes with 9 PWM pins and a flash memory of 48KB. Know that this 48-pin package is only available on ATmega4809 and ATmega3209. This package comes with 4 UART communication protocols and one SPI protocol.

40 Pin Package

This pinout is almost identical to the 48-pin package with lesser pins and it comes with 8 PWM pins. This pinout is reserved for ATmega4809 only. Like a 48-pin package, this pinout carries 4 UART and one SPI communication protocol.

32-Pin Package

This pinout is a robust and clean design that comes with 8 PWM pins. Know that this pinout is not compatible with Arduino shields.

28-Pin Package  

This is the 28-pin package that comes with 8 PWM pins and a clock frequency of around 20MHz. Again, this pinout is also not compatible with Arduino shields. The 28-pin package comes with 3 UART and one SPI communication protocol.

Uno WiFi

The Arduino Uno WiFi Rev2 hardware incorporates this pinout. It comes with 6 PWM pins. Any code written for Arduino UNO WiFi Rev 2 is equally compatible with this pinout. It is important to note that Uno WiFi pinout is only reserved for ATmega3209/4809.

Nano Every

The Arduino Nano Every incorporates this pinout. The code written for Arduino Nano Every can run for this pinout without any modifications. You’ll get this pinout when you select ATmega4809 from the Arduino IDE software.

ATmega4809 Pinout

The following figure shows the pinout diagram of ATmega4809 that comes in a 48-pin package.

ATmega4809 Features

• No. of pins = 48
• Flash memory = 48KB
• SRAM = 6KB
• EEPROM = 256 bytes
• Also includes Hardware multiplier
• Three sleep modes: Idle, Standby, Power Down

• Event System for core independent and predictable inter-peripheral signaling
• Comes with Power-On Reset (POR) and Brown-Out Detection (BOD)
• Contains Single pin programming and debugging interface (UPDI)
• Carries 16 Channel 10-bit ADC with Voltage Reference
• Features Analog Comparator (AC) and Watchdog Timer
• Configurable Custom Logic (CCL) with up to four programmable Look-up Tables (LUT)
• Contains 5x 16-bit Timer (TCA / TCB) and Cyclical Redundancy Check (CRC/SCAN)
• SPI / I2C / USART
• Five selectable internal voltage references: 0.55V, 1.1V, 1.5V, 2.5V, and 4.3V

ATmega4809 Applications

• Employed in high responsive command and control applications.
• Used in embedded systems and real-time control systems.
• Used in industrial automation and home automation.

That’s all for today. I hope you find this article helpful. If you have any questions, you can ask me in the section below. I’d love to help you the best way I can. You are most welcome to share your valuable suggestions and feedback around the content we share so we keep producing quality content based on your exact needs and requirements. Thank you for reading the article.

Introduction to Arduino Nano 33 BLE

Hi Guys! Hope you’re well today. I welcome you on board. In this post today, I’ll walk you through the Introduction to Arduino Nano 33 BLE. Arduino Nano 33 BLE is an advanced version of Arduino Nano board that is based on a robust and powerful processor the nRF52840 from Nordic Semiconductors, a 32-bit ARM® Cortex™-M4 CPU. It comes with a crystal oscillator frequency of around 64MHz. It features 32 times bigger program memory than the Arduino Uno board, helping you store programs with much larger memory. With this device, you can produce a lot more variable as it comes with RAM that is 128 times bigger than the RAM of Arduino Uno. Before you move further, I recommend you read this article on the Introduction to Arduino Nano which we have published a while ago. I suggest you buckle up as I’ll walk you through the complete Introduction to Arduino Nano 33 BLE covering pinout, pin description, features, programming, and applications. Let’s get started.

Introduction to Arduino Nano 33 BLE

• Arduino Nano 33 BLE is an advanced version of Arduino Nano board that is based on a powerful processor the nRF52840.
• The crystal oscillator frequency is 64MHz which is used to synchronize all internal functions.

• It carries 14 digital I/O pins these all pins can be used as PWM pins and there are 8 analog pins incorporated on the board.
• The board features a USB port which is used to test and program this board through a USB cable. Simply, connect your board with the computer through this cable and start playing with it.
• The Arduino Nano 33 BLE comes with a flash memory of 1MB which is 32times bigger than the program memory of the Arduino Uno board. The SRAM is 256KB and there is no EEPROM. The flash memory is used to store the Arduino program (sketch). The SRAM is used to manipulate and produce variables when it is activated.
• The board features built-in LED at pin 13 and one is the power LED which turns on when power is supplied to this board.

• The Nano 33 BLE incorporates a 9-axis inertial measurement unit (IMU) that contains a gyroscope, an accelerometer, and a magnetometer with a 3-axis resolution each. This unit makes the board an ideal pick for more advanced robotics and embedded experiments.
• You can buy this board with or without headers that will help you incorporate this board into wearables.
• This board is a revised version of the Arduino Nano board. In the improved version, you’ll get a micro-USB connector, a better and efficient processor, and a 9-axis IMU.
• The board contains tessellated connectors and carries no components on the B-side. This will help you solder the board directly onto your design, reducing the height of your entire project.
• The best part – this revised version costs less than the main Arduino Nano board.
• And don’t fear experimenting with this device, in the worst-case scenario you’ll end up burning this device which you can replace in few dollars.

Arduino Nano 33 BLE Pinout

The following figure represents the pinout of Arduino Nano 33 BLE. There are two LEDs incorporated on the board. One is a basic built-in LED connected with pin 13 and the other is a power LED.

Arduino Nano 33 BLE Pin Description

Hope you’ve got a brief insight into the Arduino Nano 33 BLE. In this section, we’ll detail the pin description of each pin available on the board.

Digital Pins

The number of digital I/O pins are 14 which receive only two values HIGH or LOW. These pins can either be used as an input or output based on the requirement. When these pins receive 5V, they are in a HIGH state and when they receive 0V they are in a LOW state.

Analog Pins

Total 8 analog pins installed on the board A0 – A7. These pins get any value as opposed to digital pins that only receive two values HIGH or LOW. These pins are used to measure the analog voltage ranging between 0 to 5V.

PWM Pins

All digital pins can be used as PWM pins. These pins generate analog results with digital means.

SPI Pins

The board supports SPI (serial peripheral interface) communication protocol. This protocol is employed to develop communication between a controller and other peripheral devices like shift registers and sensors. Two pins are used for SPI communication i.e. MISO (Master Input Slave Output) and MOSI (Master Output Slave Input) are used for SPI communication. These pins are used to send or receive data by the controller.

I2C Pins

The board carries the I2C communication protocol which is a two-wire protocol. It comes with two pins SDL and SCL. The former pin is used to carry the data while the latter is used to synchronize all data transfer over the I2C bus.

UART Pins

The board features a UART communication protocol that is used for serial communication and carries two pins Rx and Tx. The Rx is a receiving pin used to receive the serial data while Tx is a transmission pin used to transmit the serial data.  

External Interrupts

All digital pins can be used as external interrupts. This feature is used in case of emergency to interrupt the main running program with the inclusion of important instructions at that point.

LED at Pin 13 and AREF

There is an LED connected to pin 13 of the board. And AREF is a pin used as a reference voltage for the input voltage.

Arduino Nano 33 BLE Features

The following are the main features of Arduino Nano 33 BLE.

• Microcontroller = nRF52840
• Input Voltage (limit) = 21V
• Operating Voltage = 3.3V
• Clock Speed = 64MHz
• Flash memory = 1MB
• SRAM = 256KB
• EEPROM = No
• DC Current per I/O Pin = 15mA
• Digital Input / Output Pins = 14
• PWM pins = 14 (all digital pins)
• UART = 1

• SPI = 1
• I2C = 1
• Analog pins = 8
• USB = Native in the nRF52840 Processor
• External interrupts = all digital pins
• Built-in LED = at Pin 13
• Size = 18x45 mm
• Weight = 5gr.

Arduino Nano 33 BLE Programming

• The Arduino IDE software is used to program this Arduino board. This software is used to program all Arduino boards and it is open-source software, which means you can use this software and hardware free of cost. Anyone can modify and edit the existing programs and hardware to get the desired results.
• This board comes with a USB port that is used to program the board. The USB cable is used to connect this board with the computer. You can send plenty of instructions to the Arduino board using Arduino IDE software.
• Know that this board features an internal Bootloader that sets you free from the need of getting an external burner to burn the Arduino program inside the controller.

Arduino Nano 33 BLE Applications

The Arduino Nano 33 BLE is used in the following applications.

• Real-Time Face Detection
• Arduino Metal Detector
• Automation and Robotics
• Medical Instruments
• Virtual Reality Applications
• Industrial Automation
• Android Applications
• Embedded Systems
• GSM Based Projects
• Home Automation and Defense Systems

That’s all for today. Hope you’ve got a clear insight into the Introduction to Arduino Nano 33 BLE. If you’re unsure or have any questions, you can pop your comment in the section below, I’d love to help you the best way I can. Feel free to share your valuable suggestions and feedback around the content we share so we keep producing quality content customized to your exact needs and requirements. Thank you for reading the article.

Introduction to Arduino MKR WiFi 1010

Hi Guys! I welcome you on board. Happy to see you around. In this post today, I’ll give you a detailed Introduction to Arduino MKR WiFi 1010. The Arduino MKR Wifi 1010 is a solution to your basic IoT applications. Using this device, you can develop a WiFi-connected sensors network or can produce a BLE device connected to your cell phone. This board is based on the SAMD21 microcontroller and comes with a clock speed of around 32.768 kHz (RTC), 48 MHz. There are 8 digital pins, 13 PWM pins, and 7 analog pins incorporated on the board. The operating voltage is 3.3V while the voltage through USB or Vin is 5V. I suggest you read this post all the way through, as I’ll detail the complete introduction to Arduino MKR Wifi 1010 covering pinout, pin description, features, programming, and applications. Let’s jump right in.

Introduction to Arduino MKR WiFi 1010

• The Arduino MKR Wifi 1010 is a microcontroller board based on SAMD21 Cortex®-M0+ 32bit low power ARM microcontroller.
• The Arduino MKR Wifi 1010 is an improved version of MKR 1000 and is mainly developed for IoT applications. The secure element ATECC508 ensures a safe and secure WiFi connection.
• This secure element is a crypto device that comes with ECDH (Elliptic Curve Diffie–Hellman) key agreement, which is mainly used to include confidentiality to digital systems including Internet of Things (IoT) nodes employed in industrial networking and home automation.

• The board carries a USB port to power up the board with 5V. While the Li-Po charging circuit will make Arduino MKR WiFi 1010 run in two ways i.e. either with an external 5-volt source or with battery power.

• Contains powerful I/O interfaces including 8 digital I/O pins 7 analog pins 13 PWM pins and carries 3.3V operating voltage.
• The operating voltage is 3.3V while the voltage through USB or Vin is 5V. The clock frequency is 32.768 kHz (RTC), 48 MHz which guarantees the synchronization of internal functions.
• Comes with internal flash memory of around 256KB which ensures the storage of the Arduino program (sketch). The SRAM is 32KB which is employed to produce and manipulate variables when it’s activated. There is no EEPROM available on the board.

Arduino MKR WiFi 1010 Pinout

The following figure shows the pinout diagram of Arduino MKR Wifi 1010.

Arduino MKR WiFi 1010 Pin Description

Hope you’ve got a brief insight into Arduino MKR Wifi 1010. In this section, we’ll detail the pin description of each pin available on the board. Let’s get started.

SPI Pins

The board comes with an SPI communication protocol that is mainly used to develop communication with the controller and other peripheral devices like shift registers and sensors. Two Pins are used for SPI communication. MISO (master input slave output) and MOSI (master output slave input) these pins are incorporated for the SPI communication. These pins are used to send or receive data by the controller.

UART Pins

The board comes with serial communication protocol UART. It contains two pins Rx and Tx for serial communication. The Tx is a transmission pin employed to transmit the serial data while Rx is a receiving pin used to receive the serial data.

I2C Pins

I2C is a two-wire communication protocol that comes with two pins SDL and SCL. The SDL is a serial data line that carries the data while SCL is a serial clock line that guarantees synchronization of data transfer over the I2C bus.

Analog Pins

There are 7 analog pins installed on the board. Any voltage value can be included in these pins in contrast to digital pins that only receive two values HIGH and LOW.

Digital Pins

There are 8 digital pins available on the board. These pins receive two values HIGH or LOW. When these pins get 5V they are in the HIGH state and when these pins get 0V they are in a LOW state.

PWM Pins

13 PWM pins incorporated on the board. These pins generate analog results with digital means. These pins are mainly employed to control the speed of the motor.

Arduino MKR WiFi 1010 Features

The following are the main features of Arduino MKR Wifi 1010.

• Microcontroller = SAMD21
• Board Power Supply (USB/VIN) = 5V
• Radio module = u-blox NINA-W102
• Supported Battery = Li-Po Single Cell, 3.7V, 1024mAh Minimum
• Secure Element = ATECC508
• Circuit Operating Voltage = 3.3V
• PWM Pins = 13
• Digital Pins = 8
• Analog Pins = 7
• UART = 1
• SPI = 1
• I2C = 1

• External Interrupts = 10
• Flash memory = 256KB
• SRAM = 32KB
• EEPROM = no
• USB = Full-Speed USB Device and embedded Host
• LED_BUILTIN = 6
• Clock speed = 32.768 kHz (RTC), 48 MHz
• Size = 25x61mm
• Weight = 32g.

Programming

• Arduino MKR Wifi 1010 and all other Arduino boards are programmed using Arduino IDE software – A professional software developed by Arduino.cc.
• You can power up your board using a USB port and this is also used to program and test the board. Simply connect the board through a USB cable to your computer and start playing with it.
• You can power up the board by both USB port or through Vin. The board comes with a built-in Bootloader to burn the program, setting you free from using a separate burner to burn the program inside the controller.

Arduino MKR WiFi 1010 Applications

The Arduino MKR Wifi 1010 is mainly introduced for IoT applications. The following are the main applications of this board.

• Used in embedded systems.
• Employed in control systems.
• Used in IoT applications.
• Employed to create a BLE device with a cell phone.
• Used to develop sensor network connected with the home router.

That’s all for today. Hope you like this article. If you have any queries, you can pop your comment in the section below. I’d love to help you the best way I can. Feel free to share your valuable suggestions and feedback around the content we share. This helps us create quality content customized to your exact needs and requirements. Thank you for reading the post.

Innovative Engineering Solutions Improve Efficiency in the Offshore Oil Industry

Hi Friends! Hope you’re well today. I welcome you on board. In this post, I’ll detail how Innovative Engineering Solutions Improve Efficiency in the Offshore Oil Industry. Despite ambitious global goals to reduce carbon emissions, fossil fuels such as gas and oil still provided over 80% of the world’s energy in 2019.  The petroleum industry is still vital for global energy supplies, and, according to the International Labor Organization, directly employs almost 6 million people around the world. To improve levels of safety and productivity while at the same time meeting ambitious targets for a low-carbon future, the industry is making significant changes. Innovative technologies are required to maximize the recovery of fossil fuels while at the same time reduce the environmental impact of extraction, and improve the safety and efficiency of offshore rigs. The work of engineers from a range of specialist engineering fields contributes to cutting-edge developments to improve construction, extraction, and production. However, as offshore rigs become increasingly digitized, it is technopreneurs and electronic engineers who develop solutions to safely maintain equipment, minimize unnecessary emissions, and ultimately improve the safety of offshore oil rigs through increased automation.

Maintaining Safe and Reliable Systems

Working on offshore rigs is dangerous and accidents and injuries are common. In 2018, there were over 170 injuries reported within the offshore energy industry located on the US Outer Continental Shelf. From the design of a rig to the installation of generators, electronic engineers are accountable for ensuring power and distribution systems are maintained and operate reliably. Although the majority of injuries on a rig occur through the use of heavy equipment, fires and explosions can be triggered by faulty electrical equipment. This can lead to serious and potentially devastating injuries as workers are electrocuted, burned, or even crushed.  Specialist offshore accident attorneys can provide support when accidents and injuries occur. Improving training for roughnecks and drillers and minimizing the risks from equipment failure must be a priority for electronic engineers.

The Benefits of Unmanned Rigs

With the increased use of automation on rigs, the risk to personnel is considerably reduced. Already, the majority of engineers involved with oil rigs are based onshore, and through the use of innovative and cutting edge technologies, removing the other workers is now possible. For several years, the technology for remote surveillance and control has been implemented in the offshore industry, but with increasingly automated control systems, fully remote operations are becoming a reality. Enabling more remote operations has become essential recently, and the pressures of the past year have prompted the increased development and adoption of AI on rigs. As well as monitoring systems, robot roughnecks will be able to interact with equipment, inspecting machinery, and carry out simple physical tasks. This increased automation will drastically improve safety levels and significantly lower production costs. Efficiency is also increased as remote sensors and controls allow for a quicker and more targeted response to any changes, resulting in fewer shutdowns.

Implementing Smart Technology to Enhance Efficiency

A drop in the price of oil has encouraged companies to look at innovative ways to save money. Other digital technologies including smart sensors have increased the production from oilfields by 6% while at the same time significantly lowering running costs. Offshore oil rigs have increasingly been fitted with sensors that can measure sensitive field conditions such as temperature and pressure. This information is then sent to engineers on land who can quickly make necessary adjustments to equipment. Other environmental changes such as commonly occurring methane leaks can also be detected remotely with the use of cloud-based machine learning software.

Environmental Engineers Reduce Harmful Emissions

Minimizing the amount of methane leaked into the atmosphere is one of the best ways for the industry to reduce emissions, and preventing waste from leaks is just one of the roles of environmental engineers within the petroleum industry. Sophisticated AI and unmanned rigs may improve efficiency and safety levels on offshore rigs. However, the negative impact of the oil and gas industry on the environment is still enormous. Roughly 15% of carbon emissions associated with the petroleum industry is created during extraction and production processes, and several major oil companies have promised to reduce these emissions in the range between 50% and 65% by 2050. To help to achieve this, environmental engineers look at ways to reduce the need for controlled burning of oil and gas, known as flaring. In addition, the emissions created by building new rigs and other developments can be reduced by using low-carbon electricity from renewable energy. The petroleum industry is making significant changes to adapt to a safer and cleaner low-carbon future. These changes require increasingly innovative technology to improve exploration and drilling in challenging environments, lower the costs of extraction and production, and create automated and unmanned rigs, where costly downtime is reduced and the risk to personnel is minimized. That’s all for today. Hope you find this article helpful. If you have any questions, you can approach me in the section below. I’d love to help you the best way I can. Thank you for reading the article.

Introduction to Arduino MKR WAN 1310

Hi Guys! Hope you’re well today. I welcome you on board. In this post today, I’ll walk you through the Introduction to Arduino MKR WAN 1310. The Arduino MKR WAN 1310 includes Lora connectivity that can perform very long-range transmission operations consuming low power. This device is an ideal pick for the hobbyists requiring to develop IoT devices using the minimum networking experience using low power devices. The MKR WAN 1300 is incorporated with the Microchip® SAMD21 which is the low-power processor, the MKR family’s characteristic crypto chip (the ECC508), and the Murata CMWX1ZZABZ LoRa® module. Before you read further, I recommend you have a look at Introduction to Arduino Nano Every and Arduino MKR Vidor 4000 that I have uploaded previously. I suggest you read this post all the way through, as I’ll cover the complete Introduction to Arduino MKR WAN 1310 covering pinout, features, pin description, programming, and applications. Let’s jump right in.

Introduction to Arduino MKR WAN 1310

• The Arduino MKR WAN 1310 includes Lora connectivity that can perform very long-range transmission operations consuming low power.
• A range of technologies available for the communication between IoT devices including WiFi and Bluetooth. But there is one major problem with these technologies – they consume a lot of power.

• This leads to the introduction of Lora technology that not only offers communication between devices using low power but it is also cost-effective and efficient compared to other technologies.
• The MKR WAN 1310 is an improved version of its predecessor, the MKR WAN 1300. It is still incorporated with the Microchip® SAMD21 which is a low-power processor, the MKR family’s characteristic crypto chip (the ECC508), and the Murata CMWX1ZZABZ LoRa® module. This board features a new battery charger, a 2MByte SPI Flash, and the board’s power consumption is incorporated with improved control.

• The operating voltage of the circuit is 3.3V while the voltage through Vin and USB is 5V.
• There are total 8 digital I/O pins incorporated on the board while the number of analog pins is 7. And the pins that can be used for the PWM motor control are 13.
• The board controller comes with a flash memory of 256KB while the SRAM memory is 32KB. There is no EEPROM memory available on the board. The flash memory is mainly reserved to store the Arduino program (sketch). While the SRAM memory is reserved to generate and manipulate variables when it runs.
• Interface this MKR board with Arduino IoT cloud that guarantees safe communication between all connected devices.
• The carrier frequency of this board is 433/868/915 MHz which is termed as the frequency of a carrier wave, calculated in cycles per second, or Hertz, mainly modulated to transmit signals.

Arduino MKR WAN 1310 Pinout

The following figure represents the pinout diagram of Arduino MKR WAN 1310.

Arduino MKR WAN 1310 Pin Description

This is the brief idea of the WAN board. In this section, we’ll cover the pin description of each pin available on the board. Let’s jump right in.

Analog Pins

There are 7 analog pins available on the board. These pins can get any number of values in opposed to Digital pins that get values in two states only i.e. HIGH or LOW

Digital Pins

Total 8 digital pins are installed on the board which you can use either as an input or output based on the requirement. These pins offer only two states HIGH or LOW. When voltage is 5V these pins are in the HIGH state and when the voltage is 0V these pins remain in a LOW state.

PWM Pins

The number of pins that can be used as PWM pins is 13. These pins generate analog results with digital means when PWM pins are activated.

UART Pins

The board contains two pins Rx and Tx for the serial UART communication. The Rx line is used to receive the serial data and the Tx pin is used to transfer the serial data.

SPI Pins

This device also offers an SPI communication protocol that is mainly used to develop communication between the microcontroller and other peripheral devices like shift resistors and sensors. Two pins: MISO (Master Input Slave Output) and MOSI (Master Output Slave Input) are employed for SPI communication between devices. These pins are used to send or receive data by the controller.

I2C Pins

The WAN board comes with a two-wire communication protocol known as the I2C protocol. This features two pins SDL and SCL. The SDL is a serial data line that carries the data while SCL is a serial clock line that is mainly employed for the synchronization of all data transfer through the I2C bus.

Arduino MKR WAN 1310 Features

Microcontroller = SAMD21 Cortex®-M0+ 32bit low power ARM MCU Radio module = CMWX1ZZABZ Supported Batteries = rechargeable Li-Ion, or Li-Po, 1024 mAh minimum capacity Digital I/O Pins = 8 Circuit Operating Voltage = 3.3V Board Power Supply (USB/VIN) = 5V PWM Pins = 13 UART = 1 SPI = 1 I2C = 1 Analog Pins = 7 SRAM = 32KB CPU Flash Memory = 256 KB (internal) LED_BUILTIN = 6 EEPROM = no USB = Full-Speed USB Device and embedded Host QSPI Flash Memory = 2MByte (external) DC Current per I/O Pin = 7mA Carrier frequency = 433/868/915 MHz Size = 25x67mm Weight = 32 gr. External Interrupts = 10 (0, 1, 4, 5, 6, 7, 8, 9, 16 / A1, 17 / A2)

Related Boards

If you’re getting confused about buying the right device for wireless communication, the Arduino MKR series also offers other boards that you can pick for wireless communication.

• MKR NB 1500
• MKR GSM 1400
• MKR WAN 1300
• MKR FOX 1200

Programming

• This board is programmed using Arduino IDE software which is an official software to program all Arduino boards.
• When you open the software, you’ll be offered a basic LED blinking program which you can use to test the board if it’s working fine.
• The WAN board carries a USB port which is used for direct communication with the computer system. You can send a number of instructions to the Arduino board using this USB protocol.
• This device incorporates a built-in Bootloader that is used to burn the program inside the board. This means you don’t need to buy an external burner to program the microcontroller inside the board.

Arduino MKR WAN 1310 Applications

The WAN board is used in a range of applications. And it is the best pick for the development of IoT devices that require low power. The addition of Lora technology makes this device cost-effective and efficient for developing communication between devices compared to devices that only use WiFi or Bluetooth for communication. That’s all for today. I hope you’ve enjoyed reading this article. If you have any questions, you can approach me in the section below. I’d love to help you the best way I can. Feel free to share your valuable suggestions and feedback around the content we share, so we keep producing quality content based on your needs and requirements. Thank you for reading the article.

Introduction to Arduino Nano Every

Hi Guys! I welcome you on board. Thank you for clicking this read. In this post today, I’ll detail the Introduction to Arduino Nano Every. Arduino Nano Every is a tiny powerful board that is based on the ATMega4809 AVR processor. It comes with a clock speed of around 20MHz and flash memory of around 48KB. It carries two 15 pin connectors on each side of the board that are pin-pin compatible with the Arduino Nano Every. The low price and small size make this board an ideal pick for the range of electrical projects like electronic musical instruments, low-cost robots, and general development of the small parts of the large projects. Needless to say, Arduino has been a cornerstone of many electronic projects ranging from simple student projects to complex automation and embedded projects. The working of this tiny beast is simple and straightforward. It takes the input like a finger on a button or light on a sensor and converts it into an output like turning on the motor, activating LED blinking, and something sharing online. You can use Arduino IDE software to program the Arduino board. In other words, you can control the board by sending a lot of instructions to the microcontroller of the board. The Arduino comes with easy to use hardware and software platform that even a non-tech person can get a hands-on experience without having prior technical knowledge about these boards. I suggest you read this post till the end as I’ll walk you through the complete Introduction to Arduino Nano Every covering datasheet, pinout, pin description, features, and applications. Let’s get started.

Introduction to Arduino Nano Every

• Arduino Nano Every is a tiny powerful board that is based on the ATMega4809 AVR processor.
• The Arduino Nano Every is almost similar to the Arduino Nano board with the addition of a more powerful processor like Atmega4809.

• This board comes with more program memory compared to Arduino Uno and RAM is 200% bigger, helping you create a lot of variables.
• If you’ve used Arduino Nano earlier for your project, you’ll come to know the Arduino Nano Every board is a pin-equivalent substitute of Arduino Nano. The difference lies in the addition of a micro-USB connector and a more powerful processor.

• Arduino Nano Every is available in two versions: with or without headers, helping you incorporate this board into hard-to-reach places including wearables.
• No components are available on the B-side, this gives you the ability to solder the board directly into your main PCB design, reducing the height of the entire project.
• It carries a crystal oscillator with a clock speed of around 20MHz which is necessary to synchronize all internal functions of the board.
• The SRAM memory is 6KB while the flash memory and EEPROM memories are 48KB and 256bytes respectively.
• The flash memory is the location where the Arduino program (sketch) is stored. While SRAM is used to generate and manipulate variables when it starts running. And the EEPROM is a non-volatile memory which means data stays stored inside the board even if the board power is removed.

Arduino Nano Every Datasheet

While working with this board, it’s better to look into the datasheet of the board that features the main characteristics of the board. Click the link below to download the datasheet of Arduino Nano Every.

Arduino Nano Every Pinout

The following figure shows the pinout diagram of Arduino Nano Every.   There is a built-in LED at pin 13 and it also features one power LED that turns on when the board is supplied with power.

Arduino Nano Every Pin Description

Still reading? Perfect. I hope you’ve read the brief intro of this Every board. In this section, we’ll highlight the description of each pin incorporated on the board. Let’s get started.

Digital Pins

20 digital I/O pins are incorporated on this device which you can use as an input or output based on the requirements. These pins are either in a HIGH state or LOW state. When they are LOW they receive V0 and when they are HIGH they receive 5V.

Analog Pins

The number of analog pins incorporated on the board is 8. These are analog pins which projects they can receive any number of values in contrast to Digital pins that only receive two values i.e. HIGH or LOW

PWM Pins

The number of PWM pins incorporated on the board is 5. The board creates analog results with digital means when these pins are activated.

I2C Pins

This board incorporates a two-wire communication protocol which is known as I2C protocol. It carries two lines i.e. SCL and SDA. The SCL is a serial clock line mainly used for the synchronization of all data transfer through the I2C bus and the SDA is a serial data line mainly used to carry the data.

SPI Pins

This device comes with SPI (serial peripheral interface) pins that are mainly used to lay out the communication between the controller and other peripheral devices such as sensors or shift registers. There are two pins: MISO (Master Input Slave Output) and MOSI (Master Output Slave Input) used for SPI communication. These pins are employed to receive or send data by the controller.

UART Pins

The UART pins are used for serial communication. It carries two lines Tx and Rx. The Tx is used to transmit the serial data while Rx is used to receive the serial data.

Arduino Nano Every Features

The following are the main features of Arduino Nano Every. Operating Voltage = 5V Microcontroller = Atmega4809 Vin range = 7 to 21 V D/C current per 3.3V pin = 50mA D/C current per I/O pin = 20mA Oscillator = 20MHz EEPROM = 256bytes SRAM = 6KB Flash Memory = 48KB LED_BUILTIN = 13 USB = 1 UART = 1 SPI = 1 I2C = 1 Digital Pins = 20 Analog Pins = 8 PWM pins = 5 Size = 18x45 mm Weight = 5g

Programming

• Arduino IDE (integrated development environment) is used to program this board. This software is used to program all kinds of Arduino boards.
• This device contains a built-in Bootloader which is used to burn the program inside the controller. Yes, you don’t need a separate burner to burn and transfer the program into the controller.

• Moreover, it also carries a micro USB port which is used to connect the device with the computer. Using this port, you can test and run the program directly from the computer.

Difference between Arduino Nano Every and Arduino Nano

• The Nano carries microcontroller ATmega 328p which is the same as Uno.
• While the Nano Every and Uno WiFi Rev 2 are incorporated with a modern version of the AVR based MCU known as megaAVR_0-series, an ATmega4809.
• It carries the same AVR CPU architecture in the base of the MCU so initially, both MCUs (Atmega 328p and Atmega 4809) share the same compiler but there lies a difference in MCU peripherals configuration. So know that the previous knowledge about AVR MCU peripherals won’t help here.
• The Arduino Nano Every is priced lower than Arduino Nano.

Arduino Nano Every Applications

The small size of this board makes it a good pick for a number of applications. Following are some applications of this board.

• USB Trackpad
• Automatic Pill Dispenser
• USB Joystick
• Electric Bike
• Creating a wireless keyboard
• Water Level Meter

That was all about the Introduction to Arduino Nano Every. If you have any queries, you can approach me in the comment section below. I’d try to help you according to the best of my expertise. Feel free to share your valuable feedback and suggestions around the content we share so we keep producing quality content based on your needs and requirements. Thank you for reading the article.