The Engineering Projects

Introduction to NodeMCU V3

Hi Friends! Welcome you onboard. I am back to give you a daily dose of useful information. Today, I'll unlock the detailed Introduction to NodeMCU V3. It is an open-source firmware and development kit that plays a vital role in designing your own IoT product using a few Lua script lines. The module is mainly based on ESP8266 that is a low-cost Wi-Fi microchip incorporating both a full TCP/IP stack and microcontroller capability. It is introduced by manufacturer Espressif Systems - A manufacturer based in Shanghai, China. Arduino Modules and Microcontrollers have always been a great choice to incorporate automation into the relevant project. But these modules come with a little drawback as they don't feature a built-in WiFi capability, subsequently, we need to add external WiFi protocol into these devices to make them compatible with the internet channel. This is where NodeMCU V3 comes handy that incorporates a built-in WiFi support, giving an easy pathway to design IoT applications as per your technical requirements. In this post, I'll try to cover brief details related to this WiFi Development Kit, its main features, pinout and everything you need to know about this module. Let's get started.

Introduction to NodeMCU V3

NodeMCU V3 is an open-source firmware and development kit that plays a vital role in designing your own IoT product using a few Lua script lines. Multiple GPIO pins on the board allow you to connect the board with other peripherals and are capable of generating PWM, I2C, SPI, and UART serial communications.

• The interface of the module is mainly divided into two parts including both Firmware and Hardware where former runs on the ESP8266 Wi-Fi SoC and later is based on the ESP-12 module.

The firmware is based on Lua - A scripting language that is easy to learn, giving a simple programming environment layered with a fast scripting language that connects you with a well-known developer community. And open source firmware gives you the flexibility to edit, modify and rebuilt the existing module and keep changing the entire interface until you succeed in optimizing the module as per your requirements.

• USB to UART converter is added on the module that helps in converting USB data to UART data which mainly understands the language of serial communication.

Instead of the regular USB port, MicroUSB port is included in the module that connects it with the computer for dual purposes: programming and powering up the board.

• The board incorporates status LED that blinks and turns off immediately, giving you the current status of the module if it is running properly when connected with the computer.

The ability of module to establish a flawless WiFi connection between two channels makes it an ideal choice for incorporating it with other embedded devices like Raspberry Pi.

NodeMCU V3 Pinout

NodeMCU V3 comes with a number of GPIO Pins. Following figure shows the Pinout of the board.

• There is a candid difference between Vin and VU where former is the regulated voltage that may stand somewhere between 7 to 12 V while later is the power voltage for USB that must be kept around 5 V.

NodeMCU V3 Datasheet

• You can download NodeMCU V3 datasheet by clicking the below button:

Download NodeMCU V3 Datasheet

NodeMCU V3 Features

• Open-source
• Arduino-like hardware
• Status LED
• MicroUSB port
• Reset/Flash buttons
• Interactive and Programmable
• Low cost
• ESP8266 with inbuilt wifi
• USB to UART converter
• GPIO pins

As mentioned above, a cable supporting micro USB port is used to connect the board. As you connect the board with a computer, LED will flash. You may need some drivers to be installed on your computer if it fails to detect the NodeMCU board. You can download the driver from this page. Note: We use Arduino IDE software for programming this module. It is important to note that the pin configuration appearing on the board is different from the configuration we use to program the board on the software i.e. when we write code for targeting pin 16 on the Arduino IDE, it will actually help is laying out the communication with the D0 pin on the module. Following figure the shows the pin configuration to use in Arduino IDE.

How to Power NodeMCU V3?

You can see from the pinout image above, there are five ground pins and three 3V3 pins on the board. The board can be powered up using the following three ways. USB Power. It proves to an ideal choice for loading programs unless the project you aim to design requires separate interface i.e. disconnected from the computer. Provide 3.3V. This is another great option to power up the module. If you have your own off-board regulator, you can generate an instant power source for your development kit. Power Vin. This is a voltage regulator that comes with the ability to support up to 800 mA. It can handle somewhere between 7 to 12 V. You cannot power the devices operating at 3.3 V, as this regulator unable to generate as low as 3.3V.

NodeMCU V3 Projects and Applications

NodeMCU V3 is mainly used in the WiFi Applications which most of the other embedded modules fail to process unless incorporated with some external WiFi protocol. Following are some major applications used for NodeMCU V3.

• Internet Smoked Alarm
• VR Tracker
• Octopod
• Serial Port Monitor
• ESP Lamp
• Incubator Controller
• IoT home automation
• Security Alarms

That's all for now. I hope I have given you something valuable related to this module. If you have any question, you can approach me in the comment section below. I'd love to help you the best way I can. You are most welcome to keep us updated with your valuable feedback so we keep producing quality content as per your needs and requirements. Thanks for reading the article.

Introduction to Arduino Leonardo

Hi Guys! Hope you are getting along with life pretty well. I always strive to keep you updated with most valuable information related to engineering and technology. Today, I'll discuss the detailed Introduction to Arduino Leonardo. It is a microcontroller board based on the ATmega32U4 and comes with 23 digital input/output pins. It is developed by Arduino.cc, aiming to provide easy to use interface with the ability to perform a number of functions on a single chip. It incorporates everything required to drive the automation in the relevant project. Simply connect this device with the USB cable or power it up using DC adapter and start playing with it In this post, I'll try to cover each and everything related to Arduino Leonardo, so you don't need to wrestle your mind browsing the whole internet and find all the information in one place. Let's dive right in and get down to the nitty-gritty of this tiny module.

Introduction to Arduino Leonardo

• Arduino Leonardo is a microcontroller board developed by Arduino.cc. It is based on the ATmega32U4 and comes with 23 digital input/output pins that are enough to connect with external devices and turn your innovation into reality.
• The Microcontroller on the board incorporates a built-in USB communication, setting you free from the use of a secondary processor. The USB communication helps Leonardo disguise the mouse or keyboard when it is connected to a computer.
• The module supports the crystal oscillator with the frequency up to 16 MHz that is enough to generate clock pulses with decent pace required for the synchronization of all the internal operations.

In-circuit programming header is added in the device that gives you the flexibility to tweak the already written code after its installation in the relevant project.

• This board supports common communication protocol like UART, SPI, and I2C. The UART is a serial communication protocol mainly used for transferring and receiving serial data using two pins called TX and RX.

While I2C is a two-wire interface that involves two main lines known as SDA and SCL where former is s serial data line that carries the data and later is serial clock line that is used to synchronize all data transfers over the I2C bus.

• Serial Peripheral Interface (SPI) is a third communication protocol added on the board that is commonly used to send data between microcontrollers and small peripherals such as sensors, shift registers, and SD cards using separate clock and data lines, layered with a select line to pick the device for communication.

1. Arduino Leonardo Features

If you aim to work on your desired project, you must know the common features this device holds in order to avoid any hassle in future, getting you a clear idea if the ratings of the device are quite in line and stand fit for your project. Following table shows the main features of the Arduino Leonardo.

Microcontroller	ATmega32U4
CPU	8-Bit
Digital I/O Pins	23
PWM Output	7
Analog Input	12
Flash Memory (Program Memory)	32 KB (Out of which 4 KB is used by bootloader)
SRAM	2.5 KB
EEPROM	1 KB
Input Voltage	7-12 V
Operating Voltage	5 V
Oscillator	up to 16 MHz
Software Used	Arduino Software (IDE)
Reset Button	Yes
ICSP Header	Yes
USB Port	1
UART (Serial Communication)	Yes

2. Arduino Leonardo Pinout

Following figure shows the pinout of Arduino Leonardo.

• USB jack, Power Jack and Reset button are quite in line with each other and are surfaced on one side of the board. Nonetheless, all components and pins on the board are designed in a regular pattern, giving a compact and symmetrical interface.

3. Arduino Leonardo Pin Description

You have got a clear idea about some of the basic functions of this Arduino Module. In this section, we will break down pinout of the board with different images and describe them in terms of pin description of the board. Let's get started.

Analog Pins

There are 12 analog pins added on the board. As per the nature of these pins, they can utilize any number of values, unlike digital signals that are designed to deal with only two values: HIGH and LOW. The following figure shows the placement of these analog pins on the board.

PWM Output

There are seven PWM pins available on the board. If you place the board with power jack pointing upward, these pins appear on the right side of the board. PWM is a process for getting analog results with digital means. You can see these pins in the figure below.

Communication Protocols

Three communication protocols including SPI, UART and I2C are incorporated on the board. You can see them on the figure below. It is important to note that SPI communication is not available on the digital I/O pins like other boards instead, it houses in the ICSP header as shown in the figure below.

Power Source

Difference power sources are available for a variety of purpose. Mainly, the board operates at 5V while 3.3V is the operating voltage of each pin. The Vin is the input voltage that ranges between +7 to +12 V. This voltage comes from the external power source. There are two ground pins on the board. The AREF is an Analogue reference voltage, mainly used for analog pins. The IOREF is useful for powering and developing a compatibility between this board and Arduino Shields. As the shield is connected with this pin, it (shield) wears the I/O voltage provided by the Board. The Shield using IOREF pin will be compatible with both 3V3 and 5V. You can see the power source in the figure below.

ICSP Header

ICPS stands for In-Circuit Serial Programming – A feature used for programming Arduino with another Arduino. ICSP header is added that helps in connecting the board with a computer for uploading a sketch in case USB port is not available.

4. Programming

• Arduino.cc has introduced its own official software, called Arduino IDE, for programming the Arduino module. This software supports common operating systems like Windows, Linux or MAC. Before you download this software, make sure the required software version is compatible with your system i.e. if you aim to download App version, you must have Windows 10 installed in your system as app version is not compatible with Windows 7 or 8.1.

You are ready to use the software as you install it. Some simple LED programs are already available on the software, giving you the flexibility to start working on the board in due course.

• No external burner is required to burn the code inside the module as it comes with a built-in bootloader. Having said that, if you intend to insert a new controller on the module, you need to install the bootloader again using IDE software.

The Serial Monitor is added in Arduino Software, that helps you see the code working in real time as you verify and upload the code.

• Arduino IDE comes with a compilation option that allows you to see the code compilation on the bottom of the screen as you upload the code. It generates hex file of the code which then is transferred into the board.

5. Difference between Arduino Leonardo and Arduino Uno

There is a slight difference between these two boards in terms of controller used, number of digital pins, PWM pins, and the pins reserved for SPI communication.

• Arduino Uno incorporates ATmega328 while Arduino Leonardo comes with ATmega32U4.

Similarly, Uno has 20 digital I/O pins, out of them 6 are analog input pins and Leo has 23 digital I/O pins, out of which 12 are analog input pins.

• There are 7 PWM output pins available on the Leonardo and 6 are added on the Uno board.

Uno comes with SPI protocol on the digital I/O pins while Leonardo contains SPI communication on the ICSP header pins.

6. Arduino Leonardo Projects and Applications

You can not write off the importance of Arduino Modules if you are working on a project that comes with a remote connection with automation. Arduino Leonardo comes with a wide range of applications and incorporates a number of peripherals, setting you free from the hassle of spending too much for buying external components. Following are some major applications Arduino can be used for:

• Industrial Automation
• Health and Security Systems
• Creating wireless keyboard
• Automatic Pill Dispenser
• Embedded Systems
• Student Projects
• USB Trackpad
• Water Level Meter

That’s all for today. I hope you have got a lot of information regarding Arduino Leonardo. However, if you are unsure or have any question you can approach me in the comment section below. I’d love to help you the best way I can. You are most welcome to keep us updated with your valuable feedback and suggestions, they help us provide you quality work that resonates with your needs and requirements. Thanks for reading the article.

Celsius to Rankine Converter

[vc_row][vc_column width="1/6"][ultimate_spacer height="50"][vc_raw_js]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[/vc_raw_js][/vc_column][vc_column width="2/3"][vc_raw_html]JTNDaWZyYW1lJTIwc3R5bGUlM0QlMjJoZWlnaHQlM0ElMjA3NDBweCUzQiUyMHdpZHRoJTNBJTIwMTAwJTI1JTNCJTIwYm9yZGVyJTNBJTIwbm9uZSUzQiUyMiUyMHNyYyUzRCUyMmh0dHBzJTNBJTJGJTJGd3d3LnRoZWVuZ2luZWVyaW5ncHJvamVjdHMuY29tJTJGRW5naW5lZXJpbmdUb29scyUyRkNlbHNpdXN0b1JhbmtpbmVDb252ZXJ0ZXIlMkZDZWxzaXVzdG9SYW5raW5lQ29udmVydGVyLnBocCUyMiUzRSUzQyUyRmlmcmFtZSUzRQ==[/vc_raw_html][/vc_column][vc_column width="1/6"][ultimate_spacer height="50"][vc_column_text][/vc_column_text][vc_column_text][/vc_column_text][/vc_column][/vc_row][vc_row][vc_column][vc_column_text]Hey Guys! Hope you are doing well. The above calculator comes handy if you need conversion from Celsius to Rankine scale and is mainly called as Celsius to Rankine Converter.

Celsius to Rankine Converter

If you are aiming to convert any value from one temperature scale to another, you can't brush off the sheer value of converters that give you the instant solution as per your research and experiments you are carrying out.

Formula Used

Following formula is used for converting temperature from Celsius to Rankine scale.

ºR = (ºC + 273.15) × 9/5

The temperature in the Rankine scale is equal to the temperature in Celsius degree plus 273.15 times 9/5.

Example

Convert 120 Celsius to Rankine temperature scale. As per the given formula

ºR = (ºC + 273.15) × 9/5

Put the value C = 120 in the given formula

ºR = (120 + 273.15) × 9/5 = 707.67

120 Celsius degree is equal to 707.67 in Rankine temperature scale.

Table with Some Common Values

Following table shows some common values we mainly used for Celsius to Rankine Conversion.

Celsius Temperature

The Celsius is a widely used temperature scale that can be defined in terms of Kelvin. The -273.15 Celsius degree is equal to the 0 K, the point mainly known as Absolute Zero. Absolute Zero is the lowest temperature at which particles stop to flow in the channel. This temperature is mainly considered in solving the problems theoretically, as achieving this temperature under practical conditions is near to impossible.

• This temperature scale is widely used in expressing temperature intervals including differences between temperatures or their uncertainties.

The Celsius scale is named after Swedish Astronomer Anders Celsius. Right after the inception of this scale, it was widely known as the Centigrade temperature scale until 1948. After that, the scale was named after the Astronomer (Celsius) who introduced it at first place.

• Centigrade is a Latin word that contains two parts where centum means 100 and gradus means steps.

Before defining the Celsius scale in terms of Kelvin, it was defined as per the freezing and boiling point of water where it freezes at 0 ºC and boils at 100 ºC.

Rankine Temperature

Rankine is a temperature scale that can be defined as an absolute scale of thermodynamic temperature. This scale was introduced in 1859 by William John Macquorn Rankine. The scale was named after him.

• Rankine is denoted by ºR. The zero Rankine is also known as Absolute Zero which is also equal to zero in Kelvin scale.

The point worth mentioning here is that both Celsius and Rankine scales don’t share a common starting point unless we add some offset to make them equal. As per the table mentioned above, the water freezes at 491.67 ºR or 0 ºC or 491.67 ºR and boils at 100 ºC or 671.67 ºR.

• Apart from using Fahrenheit scale throughout the country, some engineering fields in the U.S. prefer the Rankine scale for measuring thermodynamic temperature.

The Rankine temperature scale is widely used in engineering systems involving heating commutations. I hope this read brings some value and comes out beneficial in terms of giving you a brief overview of these two temperature scales. If you are feeling skeptical or have any question, you can approach me in the comment section below. I'd love to help you the best way I can. Thanks for reading the post. [/vc_column_text][/vc_column][/vc_row]

Fahrenheit to Rankine Converter

[vc_row][vc_column width="1/6"][ultimate_spacer height="50"][vc_raw_js]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[/vc_raw_js][/vc_column][vc_column width="2/3"][vc_raw_html]JTNDaWZyYW1lJTIwc3R5bGUlM0QlMjJoZWlnaHQlM0ElMjA3NDBweCUzQiUyMHdpZHRoJTNBJTIwMTAwJTI1JTNCJTIwYm9yZGVyJTNBJTIwbm9uZSUzQiUyMiUyMHNyYyUzRCUyMmh0dHBzJTNBJTJGJTJGd3d3LnRoZWVuZ2luZWVyaW5ncHJvamVjdHMuY29tJTJGRW5naW5lZXJpbmdUb29scyUyRkZhaHJlbmhlaXR0b1JhbmtpbmVDb252ZXJ0ZXIlMkZGYWhyZW5oZWl0dG9SYW5raW5lQ29udmVydGVyLnBocCUyMiUzRSUzQyUyRmlmcmFtZSUzRQ==[/vc_raw_html][/vc_column][vc_column width="1/6"][ultimate_spacer height="50"][vc_column_text][/vc_column_text][vc_column_text][/vc_column_text][/vc_column][/vc_row][vc_row][vc_column][vc_column_text]Hey Fellas! Hope you are getting along with life pretty well. The above calculator is a representation of Fahrenheit to Rankine Converter. You can put any value in Fahrenheit temperature scale, it will convert it to Rankine scale in a single click.

Fahrenheit to Rankine Converter

You need to convert temperature from one scale to another based on the nature of the experiment you are carrying out. The given formula will help you understand the calculation behind the conversion.

Formula Used

Following formula is used for conversion from Fahrenheit to Rankine temperature scale.

ºR = ºF+ 459.67

The temperature in the Rankine scale is equal to the temperature in Fahrenheit scale plus 459.67

Example

Convert 120 Fahrenheit to Rankine. As per the given formula

ºR = ºF+ 459.67

Just put the values in the formula.

ºR = 120+ 459.67 = 579.67

120 Fahrenheit temperature is equal to 579.67 in Rankine temperature scale.

Table with some common values

Following table shows some common values used for Fahrenheit to Rankine conversion.

Fahrenheit Temperature

Fahrenheit can be defined in terms of water boiling and freezing point where it boils at 212 ºF and freezes at 32 ºF. It is important to note that, all these values in Fahrenheit and Rankine scales are calculated and measured at sea level using standard atmospheric pressure.

• Fahrenheit is a temperature scale named after German physicist Daniel Gabriel Fahrenheit who proposed this scale in 1724. He did an experiment on the ice-salt mixture and concluded that normal body temperature is around 90 ºF and water freezing point is 30 ºF.

As he furthered his experiments, he found the concluded values for water freezing point and normal body temperature were not accurate. These values were adjusted, later on, pointing out 32 ºF as the freezing point of water and 98 ºF as the normal body temperature.

Rankine Temperature

Rankine temperature is defined as the absolute scale of thermodynamic temperature. It is denoted by ºR. This temperature scale was introduced by William John Macquorn Rankine in 1859. Based on his contributions to the temperature scale, scale was named after him.

• You can see from the table given above, zero Fahrenheit is equal to 459.67 on the Rankine scale. The water freezes at 32 ºF or 491.67 ºR and boils at 212 ºF or 671.64 ºR. 

It is true Fahrenheit and Rankine scales don’t share a common point and 0 ºR is equal to -459.67 ºF, however, these values increment gradually with the same factor once they are made equal with some offset be added in the start.

• The 0 Rankine is also known as absolute zero - the lowest temperature at which the particle motion seizes to flow. More often than not this temperature is based on theoretical value and is not practically possible to achieve this temperature.

Rankine is mainly used in a variety of engineering systems involving heat commutations. That's all for today. I hope you have found this read valuable. If you are unsure or have any question, you can drop me a comment in the section below. I'd love to help you the best way I can. Feel free to keep us updated with your feedback and suggestions, so we keep providing quality content as per your requirements and you keep coming back for what we have to offer. Thanks for reading the post. [/vc_column_text][/vc_column][/vc_row]

Rankine to Fahrenheit Converter

[vc_row][vc_column width="1/6"][ultimate_spacer height="50"][vc_raw_js]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[/vc_raw_js][/vc_column][vc_column width="2/3"][vc_raw_html]JTNDaWZyYW1lJTIwc3R5bGUlM0QlMjJoZWlnaHQlM0ElMjA3NDBweCUzQiUyMHdpZHRoJTNBJTIwMTAwJTI1JTNCJTIwYm9yZGVyJTNBJTIwbm9uZSUzQiUyMiUyMHNyYyUzRCUyMmh0dHBzJTNBJTJGJTJGd3d3LnRoZWVuZ2luZWVyaW5ncHJvamVjdHMuY29tJTJGRW5naW5lZXJpbmdUb29scyUyRlJhbmtpbmV0b0ZhaHJlbmhlaXRDb252ZXJ0ZXIlMkZSYW5raW5ldG9GYWhyZW5oZWl0Q29udmVydGVyLnBocCUyMiUzRSUzQyUyRmlmcmFtZSUzRQ==[/vc_raw_html][/vc_column][vc_column width="1/6"][ultimate_spacer height="50"][vc_column_text][/vc_column_text][vc_column_text][/vc_column_text][/vc_column][/vc_row][vc_row][vc_column][vc_column_text]Hey Guys! Welcome you onboard. The above calculator is an instant Rankine to Fahrenheit Converter. You can put any value in Rankine temperature scale and get Fahrenheit value in return on the fly.

Rankine to Fahrenheit Converter

You need to convert temperature from one scale to another based on the technical requirements of the project and the research you are working on. Converting temperature from one scale to another is just one click away, setting you free from the hassle of manually converting these values.

Formula Used

Following formula is used to convert temperature from Rankine scale to Fahrenheit scale.

ºF = ºR - 459.67

The Fahrenheit temperature is equal to the Rankine temperature scale minus 459.67, terming that 0 °F  is equal to 459.67 °R.

Example

Convert 50 Rankine temperature to Fahrenheit temperature. We know the formula

ºF = ºR - 459.67

Just put the values in the given formula where R = 50

ºF = 50 - 459.67 = - 409.67

We can conclude from the equation above, 50 Rankine temperature is equal to -409.67 in Fahrenheit Scale.

Table with Some Common Values

Following table shows the common values used in Rankine to Fahrenheit Converter.

Rankine Temperature

Rankine temperature is termed as the absolute scale of thermodynamic temperature and is denoted by ºR. Many engineering systems involving heat commutations widely use this scale for the temperature measurements. This temperature scale is named after William John Macquorn Rankine who introduced it in 1859. The zero Fahrenheit is equal to 459.67 in the Rankine scale. These values increment gradually with the same factor no matter what value in Fahrenheit you aim to achieve. The water freezes at 491.67 ºR and 32 ºF and boils at 212 ºF or 671.64 ºR. It is important to note that Fahrenheit and Rankine’s scale don’t share a common point and 0 ºR is equal to -459.67 ºF. Nevertheless, once these values are reserved for these scales, both increment with one degree on the scale i.e. 1 ºR will be equal to -458.67 ºF.

Fahrenheit Temperature

Fahrenheit is termed as a temperature at which water freezes at 32 ºF and boils at 212 ºF, pointing out that boiling and freezing point values are equally separated by 180 points. All these values in Rankine and Fahrenheit scales are calculated and measured at sea level with standard atmospheric pressure. History Fahrenheit is named after German physicist Daniel Gabriel Fahrenheit. He proposed this scale in 1724 based on the experiment on the ice-salt mixture. After a successful attempt, he concluded that water freezing point is 30 ºF, while the normal body temperature was around 90 ºF.  With the passage of time, as he performed further experiments, he added that previous values reserved for the freezing point of water and normal body temperatures were not the correct ones. Later on, these values were adjusted, terming 32 ºF as the freezing point of water and 98 ºF as the normal body temperature. Fahrenheit temperature scale has long been used as a fixed reference for a thermometer. That’s all for today. I hope you have got something valuable out of this quick read. If you are unsure or have any question, you can approach me in the comment section below. I’d love to help you the best way I can. You are most welcome to keep us updated with your valuable feedback and suggestions, so we keep improving our content and you keep coming visiting us every now and then. Thanks for reading the article. [/vc_column_text][/vc_column][/vc_row]

Rankine to Celsius Converter

[vc_row][vc_column width="1/6"][ultimate_spacer height="50"][vc_raw_js]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[/vc_raw_js][/vc_column][vc_column width="2/3"][vc_raw_html]JTNDaWZyYW1lJTIwc3R5bGUlM0QlMjJoZWlnaHQlM0ElMjA3NDBweCUzQiUyMHdpZHRoJTNBJTIwMTAwJTI1JTNCJTIwYm9yZGVyJTNBJTIwbm9uZSUzQiUyMiUyMHNyYyUzRCUyMmh0dHBzJTNBJTJGJTJGd3d3LnRoZWVuZ2luZWVyaW5ncHJvamVjdHMuY29tJTJGRW5naW5lZXJpbmdUb29scyUyRlJhbmtpbmV0b0NlbHNpdXNDb252ZXJ0ZXIlMkZSYW5raW5ldG9DZWxzaXVzQ29udmVydGVyLnBocCUyMiUzRSUzQyUyRmlmcmFtZSUzRQ==[/vc_raw_html][/vc_column][vc_column width="1/6"][ultimate_spacer height="50"][vc_column_text][/vc_column_text][vc_column_text][/vc_column_text][/vc_column][/vc_row][vc_row][vc_column][vc_column_text]Hey Guys! Welcome you onboard. The above calculator is a swift Rankine to Celsius Converter. You can put any value in Rankine temperature scale and get Celsius value right away.

Rankine to Celsius Converter

The temperature converter gives you the flexibility to convert any value from one scale to another. If you aim to convert these values manually, you can use the conversion formula.

Formula Used

Following formula is used for temperature conversion from the Rankine scale to Celsius scale.

ºC = (ºR - 491.67) × 5/9

In words we can define, temperature value in Celsius scale is equal to the temperature value in  Rankine scale minus 459.67 times 5/9.

Example

Convert 80 Rankine to Celsius scale. We know the formula

C = (R - 491.67) × 5/9

Put the required value in the formula, R = 80

C = (80 - 491.67) x 5/9 = -228.70

80 Rankine in temperature scale is equal to the -228.70 in Celcius temperature.

Table with Some Common Values

Following table shows some common values we mainly use for Rankine to Celsius Conversion.

Rankine Temperature

Rankine temperature is described as an absolute scale of thermodynamic temperature. William John Macquorn Rankine proposed this scale in 1859 that's the reason it is called the Rankine Temperature Scale. Rankine scale is denoted by ºR and the zero in the Rankine scale is also equal to the zero in the Kelvin scale. This temperature scale is mainly used in engineering systems targeting heating commutations. It is important to note that both temperatures don't share a common value and some offset of value -491.67 times 5/9 needs to be added to make them equal. Water freezing and a boiling point in both Rankine and Celsius Scales are 491.67 ºR or 0 ºC and 671.67 ºR or 100 ºC respectively. Most of the engineering and scientific fields around the world use Kelvin scale for thermodynamic temperature measurement while some engineering fields in the U.S. prefer the Rankine scale for measuring thermodynamic temperature.

Celsius Temperature

The Celsius can be defined in terms of Kelvin, where -273.15 Celsius equal to the 0 K – mainly known as the Absolute zero. The Celsius scale was named after Swedish Astronomer Anders Celsius. Until 1948, this scale was written as centigrade – A Latin word comes up with two parts where centum means 100 and gradus means steps. After that, this scale is commonly called as Celsius that is named after the Astronomer. Earlier, the Celsius was defined as per the freezing and boiling point of water where it freezes at 0 ºC and boils at 100 ºC. The temperature in Celsius scale plays a vital role in expressing temperature intervals including differences between temperatures or their uncertainties. That's all for today. I hope you have found this quick read valuable. If you have any question, you can ask me in the comment section below. I'll try my best to help you the best way I can. You are most welcome to keep us updated with your suggestions, they help provide you quality work as per your needs and requirements. Thanks for reading the article. [/vc_column_text][/vc_column][/vc_row]

Kelvin to Rankine Converter

[vc_row][vc_column width="1/6"][ultimate_spacer height="50"][vc_raw_js]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[/vc_raw_js][/vc_column][vc_column width="2/3"][vc_raw_html]JTNDaWZyYW1lJTIwc3R5bGUlM0QlMjJoZWlnaHQlM0ElMjA3NDBweCUzQiUyMHdpZHRoJTNBJTIwMTAwJTI1JTNCJTIwYm9yZGVyJTNBJTIwbm9uZSUzQiUyMiUyMHNyYyUzRCUyMmh0dHBzJTNBJTJGJTJGd3d3LnRoZWVuZ2luZWVyaW5ncHJvamVjdHMuY29tJTJGRW5naW5lZXJpbmdUb29scyUyRktlbHZpbnRvUmFua2luZUNvbnZlcnRlciUyRktlbHZpbnRvUmFua2luZUNvbnZlcnRlci5waHAlMjIlM0UlM0MlMkZpZnJhbWUlM0U=[/vc_raw_html][/vc_column][vc_column width="1/6"][ultimate_spacer height="70"][vc_column_text][/vc_column_text][vc_column_text][/vc_column_text][/vc_column][/vc_row][vc_row][vc_column][vc_column_text]Hey Guys! Hope you are doing well. You can use the above calculator for temperature conversion from Kelvin to Rankine scale. It is commonly known as the Kelvin to Rankine Converter. Just put the values in Kelvin Scale that will instantly convert it to Rankine Scale in one click.

Kelvin to Rankine Converter

The temperature scales give you the flexibility to convert any value from one scale to another without wrestling your mind for converting them manually. ºR = K x 9/5 In words we can define, temperature value in the Rankine scale is equal to the temperature in Kelvin times 9/5.

Example

Convert 70 K temperature into Rankine. As we know the given formula is ºR = K x 9/5 as K = 70, ºR = 70 x 9/5= 126 The temperature value of 70 in the Kelvin scale will be equal to 126 on the Rankine scale.

Table for Common Values

Following table shows the common values for Kelvin to Rankine Converter mainly used in studies.

Kelvin Temperature

Kelvin is a thermodynamic temperature scale, based on Absolute Zero that is defined as the temperature at which all thermal motion seize to flow. It is denoted by K without degree sign, unlike the other three scales i.e. Fahrenheit, Celsius and Rankine that are mainly written with a degree sign. The Kelvin scale is named after physicist Baron Kelvin who indicated the need of “absolute thermodynamic scale.

• Initially, Kelvin scale was written with degree sign where people confused it with a Rankine scale. The degree sign was removed in order to outline the categoric different between both Rankine and Kelvin scale.

Rankine Temperature

Rankine temperature can be described as an absolute scale of thermodynamic temperature. It is named after William John Macquorn Rankine who proposed it in 1859. Rankine scale is denoted by R and is mainly used in heat computations in the engineering systems widely use this scale for the temperature measurements. The zero in the Rankine scale shows Absolute Zero which is also equal to the zero in Kelvin scale. Although both scales share a common value at Absolute Zero, they don't increment with regular intervals afterward, terming different values for boiling and freezing point of water where water freezes at 273.15 K or 491.67 ºR and boils at 373.15 K or 671.64 ºR. The difference of one degree in Fahrenheit scale is equal to the difference of temperature in the Rankine scale. Once both scales are reserved for a certain value in the start i.e. 0 R = -459.67 F, they increment with regular intervals of one degree. This is enough for today. I hope you have found this post informative and useful with a necessary tool for converting the Kelvin scale to Rankine scale. If you are unsure or have any question, you can approach me in the comment section below. I’ll try and guide you according to the best of my expertise. You are most welcome to feed us with your valuable feedback and suggestions, they help us provide you quality work so you keep coming back for what we have to offer. Thanks for reading the article. [/vc_column_text][/vc_column][/vc_row]

Rankine to Kelvin Converter

[vc_row][vc_column width="1/6"][ultimate_spacer height="100"][vc_raw_js]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[/vc_raw_js][/vc_column][vc_column width="2/3"][vc_raw_html]JTNDaWZyYW1lJTIwc3R5bGUlM0QlMjJoZWlnaHQlM0ElMjA3NDBweCUzQiUyMHdpZHRoJTNBJTIwMTAwJTI1JTNCJTIwYm9yZGVyJTNBJTIwbm9uZSUzQiUyMiUyMHNyYyUzRCUyMmh0dHBzJTNBJTJGJTJGd3d3LnRoZWVuZ2luZWVyaW5ncHJvamVjdHMuY29tJTJGRW5naW5lZXJpbmdUb29scyUyRlJhbmtpbmV0b0tlbHZpbkNvbnZlcnRlciUyRlJhbmtpbmV0b0tlbHZpbkNvbnZlcnRlci5waHAlMjIlM0UlM0MlMkZpZnJhbWUlM0U=[/vc_raw_html][/vc_column][vc_column width="1/6"][ultimate_spacer height="50"][vc_column_text][/vc_column_text][vc_column_text][/vc_column_text][/vc_column][/vc_row][vc_row][vc_column][vc_column_text]Hi Friends! Hope you are doing well. The calculator above is a manifestation of Rankine to Kelvin Converter. Simply, put any value of temperature in Rankine scale on the space given above, that will swiftly convert it to Kelvin scale in one go. No hassle or fluff is involved. Converting these scales is now just one click away.

Rankine to Kelvin Converter

Rankine and Kelvin's scales need to be converted every now and then based on the technical needs of the research project. Converting one scale to another doesn't write off any temperature scale but helps you foresee the temperature with more than one options.

Formula Used

If you aim to convert any temperature value from one scale to another, you must know the formula converting that values. Following formula is used to convert Rankine scale to Kelvin scale.

K = ºR x 5/9

The Kelvin temperature is equal to the temperature in Rankine times 5/9.

Example

Convert 50 R temperature into Kelvin. As we know the given formula is

K = ºR x 5/9

as ºR = 50,

K = 50 x 5/9 = 27.7

Table for Common Values

Following table shows the common values used in Rankine to Kelvin Converter.

Rankine Temperature

Rankine temperature is defined as the absolute scale of thermodynamic temperature. It is denoted by ºR and is named after William John Macquorn Rankine who introduced it in 1859. Heat computations in the engineering systems widely use this scale for the temperature measurements. Both Rankine and Kelvin scale share a common value at Absolute zero i.e. 0 K or 0 R. However, these don't increment with the regular intervals until freezing and boiling points of water as water freezes at 273.15 K or 491.67 ºR and boils at 373.15 K or 671.64 ºR. It is important to note that Fahrenheit and Rankine's scale don't share a common point and 0 ºR is equal to -459.67 ºF. Nevertheless, once these values are reserved for these scales, both increment with one degree on the scale i.e. 1 ºR will be equal to -458.67 ºF.

Kelvin Temperature

Kelvin is also a thermodynamic temperature scale that is mainly based on Absolute Zero – the temperature at which all thermal motion seize to flow. It is denoted by K and is not written in terms of degree sign, unlike the other three scales that are widely written with a degree sign.

• The Kelvin scale is named after physicist Baron Kelvin who mainly proposed the need of “absolute thermodynamic scale.

The Kelvin scale was written with degree sign before 1968, that made people skeptical where there termed it as a Rankine scale. The degree sign was removed in order to layout the candid different between both Rankine and Kelvin scale. That's all for today. I hope you have found this post informative. If you are unsure or have any question, you can drop me a comment below. I'll try best to help you in any way I can according to the best of my expertise. Feel free to keep us updated with your valuable feedback and suggestions, they help us provide you quality work as per your needs and demands so you keep coming back for what we have to offer. Thanks for reading the article. [/vc_column_text][/vc_column][/vc_row]

Kelvin to Celsius Converter

[vc_row][vc_column width="1/6"][ultimate_spacer height="100"][vc_raw_js]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[/vc_raw_js][/vc_column][vc_column width="2/3"][vc_raw_html]JTNDaWZyYW1lJTIwc3R5bGUlM0QlMjJoZWlnaHQlM0ElMjA3NDBweCUzQiUyMHdpZHRoJTNBJTIwMTAwJTI1JTNCJTIwYm9yZGVyJTNBJTIwbm9uZSUzQiUyMiUyMHNyYyUzRCUyMmh0dHBzJTNBJTJGJTJGd3d3LnRoZWVuZ2luZWVyaW5ncHJvamVjdHMuY29tJTJGRW5naW5lZXJpbmdUb29scyUyRktlbHZpbnRvQ2Vsc2l1c0NvbnZlcnRlciUyRktlbHZpbnRvQ2Vsc2l1c0NvbnZlcnRlci5waHAlMjIlM0UlM0MlMkZpZnJhbWUlM0U=[/vc_raw_html][/vc_column][vc_column width="1/6"][ultimate_spacer height="50"][vc_column_text][/vc_column_text][vc_column_text][/vc_column_text][/vc_column][/vc_row][vc_row][vc_column][vc_column_text]Hey Guys! Welcome you onboard. The above calculator is an instant Kelvin to Celsius Converter. You can put any value in Kelvin scale and get Celsius value in return in a single click.

Kelvin to Celsius Converter

Celsius and Kelvin's scales are mostly used in the manifestation of temperature intervals and temperature magnitudes. Converting values from one scale to another doesn't belittle any scale but help you anticipate temperature values using more than one options. These scales don't share common starting point and require some offset to added at the start to make them equal. If you intend to convert any value from one scale to another, you must know the formula behind doing that calculation that help understand the conversion rate.

Formula Used

Following formula is used for Kelvin to Celsius conversion.

K = ºC +273.15

ºC= K - 273.15

The C  represents Celsius and K represents Kelvin.

Example:

What is the value of 70 K in Celsius? Put the values in the given formula

ºC = K - 273.15

As given value K = 70,

C = 70 - 273.15 = - 203.15

Table for Common Values

Following table shows some common values used for Kelvin to Celsius conversion.

Kelvin Temperature

Kelvin is a thermodynamic temperature scale, denoted by K and is based on Absolute Zero which is known as the temperature at which all thermal motions seize to flow. It is important to note that, the Kelvin scale is not written in terms of degree, unlike Fahrenheit and Celsius that are written with a degree sign. The Kelvin scale shows the absolute value while the other two temperature scales come up with arbitrary values. In the start, the Kelvin scale was written with degree sign, which was later omitted in order to create the candid difference between Rankine and Kelvin scale, as some people perceived K with degree sign as a Rankine temperature.

Celsius Temperature

The Celsius is an SI unit of temperature that is defined in terms of Kelvin, terming -273.15 Celsius equal to the 0 K – commonly known as the Absolute zero.

• Until 1954, the Celsius was defined as per the freezing and boiling point of water where it freezes at 0 ºC and boils at 100 ºC.

The Celsius scale was named after Swedish Astronomer Anders Celsius. Before naming this scale as Celsius in 1948, it was written as centigrade - A Latin word comes up with two parts where centum means 100 and gradus means steps.

• Most of the content related to science and technology is produced using both temperature scales where temperature intervals are expressed in Celsius and an Absolute temperature are described in Kelvin.

That's all for today. I hope you have found this read informative as per your technical needs and demands. If you are feeling skeptical or have any question, you can approach me in the comment section below. I'd love to help you in any way I can, according to the best of my knowledge. Feel free to feed us with your valuable suggestions, so we keep producing quality content and you keep visiting this site every now and then. Thanks for reading the article. [/vc_column_text][/vc_column][/vc_row]

Introduction to HC-SR04 (Ultrasonic Sensor)

Hi Friends! I hope you are doing well. Welcome you onboard. Today, I'll discuss the basic Introduction to HC-SR04 Ultrasonic Sensor. It is an ultrasonic sensor, also known as an ultrasonic transducer that is based on a transmitter and receiver and mainly used to determine the distance from the target object. The amount of time it takes to send and receive waves will determine how far the object is placed from the sensor. It mainly depends on the sound waves working on “non-contact” technology. The required distance of the target object is measured without any damage, giving you accurate and precise details. This sensor comes with a range between 2cm to 400cm and is used in a wide range of applications including speed and direction measurement, wireless charging, humidifiers, medical ultrasonography, sonar, burglar alarms, and non-destructive testing. In this post, I'll try to cover basic details related to HC-SR04, so you get an idea what is this about and how it can be used in the major applications as per your needs and requirements. Let's jump right in and get down to the details on this ultrasonic sensor.

Introduction to HC-SR04 ( Ultrasonic Sensor )

• HC-SR04 is an ultrasonic sensor mainly used to determine the distance of the target object.
• It measures accurate distance using a non-contact technology - A technology that involves no physical contact between sensor and object.
• Transmitter and receiver are two main parts of the sensor where former converts an electrical signal to ultrasonic waves while later converts that ultrasonic signals back to electrical signals.
• You can download HCSR04 Datasheet by clicking below button:

Download HC-SR04 Datasheet

• These ultrasonic waves are nothing but sound signals that can be measured and displayed at the receiving end.
• Following table shows the main features of this ultrasonic sensor.

 

Parameter	Value
Main Parts	Transmitter & Receiver
Technology Used	Non-Contact Technology
Operating Voltage	5 V
Operating Frequency	4 MHz
Detection Range	2cm to 400cm
Measuring Angle	30º
Resolution	3mm
Operating Current	<15mA
Sensor Dimensions	45mm x 20mm x 15mm

 

• It gives precise measurement details and comes with accuracy (resolution) around 3mm, terming there might be a slight difference in the calculated distance from the object and the actual distance.

HC-SR04 Pinout & Description

• HC-SR04 contain 4 pins in total.
• Following table shows the HC-SR04 Pinout  & Description:

 

No.	Pin Name	Pin Description
1	VCC	The power supply pin of the sensor that mainly operates at 5V DC.
2	Trig Pin	It plays a vital role to initialize measurement for sending ultrasonic waves. It should be kept high for 10us for triggering the measurement.
3	Echo Pin	This pin remains high for short period based on the time taken by the ultrasonic waves to bounce back to the receiving end.
4	Ground	This pin is connected to ground.

 

• I have labelled these HC-SR04 Pinout in below figure for better visualization:

How does it work?

The HC-SR04 Ultrasonic (US) sensor is an ultrasonic transducer that comes with 4 pin interface named as Vcc, Trigger, Echo, and Ground. It is very useful for accurate distance measurement of the target object and mainly works on the sound waves. As we connect the module to 5V and initialize the input pin, it starts transmitting the sound waves which then travel through the air and hit the required object. These waves hit and bounce back from the object and then collected by the receiver of the module. Distance is directly proportional to the time these waves require to come back at the receiving end. The more the time taken, more the distance will be. The waves will be generating if the Trig pin is kept High for 10 µs. These waves will travel at the speed of sound, creating 8 cycle sonic burst that will be collected in the Echo pin. The echo pin remains turned on for the time these waves take to travel and bounce back to the receiving end. This sensor is mainly incorporated with Arduino to measure the required distance. Following formula is used to calculate the distance of the object.

S = (V x t)/2

Where S is the required distance, V is the speed of sound and t is the time sound waves take to come back after hitting the object. We need to divide the value by 2 because time will be double as the waves travel and bounce back from the initial point. Dividing it by 2 will give the actual distance of the target object.

Using HC-SR04 with Arduino Module

In order to get the precise distance measurement, HC-SR04 is mostly used in combination with different Arduino Modules like Arduino Uno and Arduino Mega. You can connect Arduino with this sensor in the following way.

• First, you need to power up the sensor using 5V DC regulated input to the sensor. Connect the ground pin with the ground of the voltage source. You can also power the sensor module using the Arduino 5V pins as the current drawn by the sensor is less than 15mA, won't be affecting the current ratings of the Arduino Module.

After setting up the initial arrangement, connect both Trig and Echo pins to the I/O pins of the Arduino Board. As mentioned earlier, in order to initialize the measurement process, the Trig pin must be kept high for 10us in the start. The sensor module will start generating sound waves with the frequency around 40,000 Hz per second from the transmitter.

• As the waves bounce back, consequently, the Echo pin will turn on until the sounds waves are received by the receiver. This time will be calculated using Arduino Module.

This tutorial that will help you How to Interface Ultrasonic Sensor with Arduino Module You can also Interface Multiple Ultrasonic Sensors with Arduino Module

Applications

HC-SR04 comes with a wide range of applications mainly targeting distance and direction measurements. Following are the major applications it can be used for.

• Speed and direction measurement
• Wireless charging
• Humidifiers
• Medical ultrasonography
• Burglar alarms
• Embedded system
• Depth measurement
• Non-destructive testing

That's all for today. I hope I have given you everything you needed to know about this sensor. If you are unsure or have any question, you can approach me in the comment section below. I'd love to help you the best way I can. Feel free to keep us updated with your valuable feedback and suggestion, they help us stay above the curve and give you quality content as per your demands. Thanks for reading the article.