The Engineering Projects

IRF1010E MOSFET Datasheet, Pinout, Features & Applications

Hi Guys! I welcome you on board. Happy to see you around. In this post today, I’ll walk you through the Introduction to IRF1010E.

The IRF1010E is an N-channel power MOSFET that comes with low turn-on resistance and is mainly used in fast-switching applications. The maximum power dissipation of this device is 170W and the pulsed drain current is quite high i.e. 330A.

I suggest you buckle up as I’ll detail the complete Introduction to IRF1010E covering datasheet, pinout, features, and applications. Let’s get started.

Introduction to IRF1010E

• The IRF1010E is an N-channel power MOSFET mainly employed for fast-switching applications.
• This chip is a three-terminal device with terminals drain, source, and gate. It is a voltage-controlled device as opposed to a bipolar junction transistor that is a current-controlled device and comes with terminals: base, collector, and emitter.

• The gate terminal in IRF1010E is used for the biasing of the device while the source terminal is the area from where electrons enter the channel while the drain terminal is the area from where electrons leave the channel.
• The gate terminal stands between the source and drain terminals. And the channel width is handled by the voltage on the gate terminal.
• The main principle of this device is based on controlling the voltage and current between drain and source terminals. The MOS capacitor is the key component that plays a crucial role in the functionality of the device.

• The MOSFET works in two ways i.e. in depletion mode and enhancement mode. During depletion mode, when no voltage is applied across the gate terminal, there is maximum conductance across the channel. However, when the voltage is applied across the gate terminal, it results in decreasing the channel conductivity.
• While, on the other hand, the enhancement mode works exactly opposite to the depletion region. Here when there is no voltage, there is no conductance across the channel. While when voltage is applied, it results in increasing the conductance.
• There are two types of MOSFET available in the market i.e. P-channel MOSFET and N-channel MOSFET. This device IRF1010E falls under the category of N-channel MOSFET where electrons flow as the charge carriers in contrast to P-channel MOSFETs where holes are the major charge carriers.
• This IRF1010E MOSFET comes with low turn-ON resistance, making it a right fit for low-drop switching applications. The low drop results in low power loss, hence ensuring greater efficiency. This device is also used for high-efficiency applications.

IRF1010E Datasheet

It is wise to go through the datasheet before incorporating this device into your project. This datasheet features the main characteristics of the component. Click the link below to download the datasheet of IRF1010E.

IRF1010E Pinout

The following figure represents the pinout diagram of IRF1010E.   The following table details the pin description of each pin embedded on the chip.

IRF1010E Features

The following are the main features of IRF1010E.

• Developed with advanced process technology
• Used in Fast switching
• Fully avalanche rated
• Operating Temperature Max. = 175ºC

• The voltage across GATE and SOURCE Max. = 20 V
• Continuous current allowed through DRAIN Max. = 81A
• The voltage across DRAIN and SOURCE Max. = 60V
• It’s a Fifth generation HEXFET
• Pulsed DRAIN current Max. = 330A
• Power dissipation Max. = 170Watt

IRF1010E Alternatives

The following are the alternatives to IRF1010E.

• IRFB4110
• IRFB4310Z
• IRFB4115
• IRFB4410
• IRF1407
• IRFB4110G
• IRFB4310ZG

Double-check the pinout of the alternatives before incorporating them into your project as the pinout of the alternatives might differ from the pinout of IRF1010E.

IRF1010E Applications

This device is used in the following applications.

• Employed in speed control units
• Incorporated in PWM applications
• Used in Relay drivers
• Employed in Switch mode power supply
• Used in Lighting systems
• Used in any switching applications

That’s all for today. I hope you find this article helpful. If you have any questions, you can approach me in the section below. I’ll try to help you the best way I can. You’re most welcome to share your valuable feedback and suggestions around the content we share so we keep producing quality content customized to your exact needs and requirements. Thank you for reading the article.

CA3130 MOSFET BiMOS Op-Amp Datasheet, Pinout, Features & Applications

Hi Everyone! Hope you’re well today. I welcome you on board. In this post today, I’ll walk you through the Introduction to CA3130.

The CA3130 is a BiMOS Operational Amplifier that comes with MOSFET at the output. The term BiMOS suggests that it projects the advantage of both Bipolar and CMOS op-amp technology.

This IC comes with high bandwidth due to bipolar op-amps and consumes less current due to CMOS op-amp, making it a perfect fit for mobile jammers and voltage follower circuits.

I suggest you read this post all the way through as I’ll detail the complete Introduction to CA3130 covering datasheet, pinout, features, and applications. Let’s get started.

Introduction to CA3130

• The CA3130 is a BiMOS Operational Amplifier that contains MOSFET at the output. This chip consumes less current and features high bandwidth.
• This device has high input impedance due to MOSFETs which implies that when an output voltage of the sensor is connected to the inverting or non-inverting terminals of the op-amp, the output voltage from the sensor will not be disturbed since the op-amp will not act as a load to the sensor.

• If you’re looking for a device with high input impedance, less power consumption, and high bandwidth, this chip might be the answer.

• CA3130 is an eight-terminal electronic IC that comes with a Common Mode Rejection Ration (CMRR) of 80dB.
• It is widely used in frequency generators and noise detectors.
• The input terminal current of this device is 1mA and the supply current is 10mA.
• The CA3130 features inverting and non-inverting pins like other op-amps. If the voltage at the non-inverting pin is high, the output across the inverting pin will be high, otherwise, it will be low.
• Pins 1 & 5 are offset null pins used to nullify the offset produced when two input pins are combined. When the input pins of the op-amp are combined with each other, the voltage at the output should be zero. But no operational amplifier is ideally perfect. So when two inputs are combined together, it results in the offset. The offset null pins are used to null that effect.
• Pin 8 is called Strobe that is mainly used to turn off the output stage. It is also employed for phase compensation in comparators.

CA3130 Datasheet

Before you incorporate this device into your electrical project, it’s wise to go through the datasheet of the device that features the main characteristics of the component. Click the link below and download the datasheet of CA3130.

CA3130 Pinout

The following figure shows the pinout diagram of CA3130. The following table shows the pin description of each pin incorporated on the chip.

Pin Description of CA3130
Pin No.	Pin Description	Pin Name
1,5	When the input pins of the op-amp are combined with each other, the voltage at the output should be zero. But no operational amplifier is ideally perfect. So when two inputs are combined together, it results in the offset. The offset null pins are used to null that effect.	Offset Null Pins
2	The Inverting pin is also given a fixed voltage which is compared with the (IN+)	Inverting Input (IN-)
3	The Non-Inverting Pin of the comparator gives a variable  voltage to compare	Non-Inverting Input (IN+)
4	This pin is connected to the ground of the system (Negative voltage can also be used)	Ground (VCC-)
6	This is the output pin of the op-amp	Output
7	This VCC pin offers the operating voltage for the Op-Amp. For CA3130 it is up to +16V	VCC+
8	Allows you to turn off the output stage	Strobe

CA3130 Features

• Op-amp laced with MOSFET at the output
• Input Terminal current = 1mA
• Wide power supply Range i.e. for single supply – 5V to 16V and for dual supply – ±2.5V to ±8V
• Sink current Max. = 20mA
• Source current Max. = 22mA

• Output Voltage Max. = 13.3V
• Supply current = 10mA
• Common Mode Rejection Ration (CMRR) = 80dB

CA3130 Alternatives

The following are the alternatives to CA3130.

• LM311
• LM324
• LM358
• LM741
• LM339

Check the pinout of the alternatives before incorporating them into your electrical project as the pinout of the alternatives might differ from the pinout of the CA3130.

CA3130 Applications

The CA3130 is used in the following applications.

• Incorporated in DAC circuits
• Used in voltage follower circuits
• Employed in mobile jammers
• Employed in Oscillator circuits
• Used in frequency generator/distorter
• Used in Peak Signal/Noise detectors

That’s all for today. Hope you find this article helpful. If you have any questions, you can pop your comment in the section below. I’d love to help you the best way I can. Feel free to share your valuable feedback and suggestions around the content we share so we keep coming back with quality content customized to your exact needs and requirements. Thank you for reading the article.

INA219 Current Sensor Module Datasheet, Pinout, Features & Applications

Hi Friends! Hope you’re well today. I welcome you on board. Today, I’ll walk you through the Introduction to INA219.

The INA219 is a current sensor module that incorporates the I2C protocol for submitting the data obtained through sensing current, voltage, and power. It is a bi-directional zero drift current/ power sensing module mainly used in digital multimeters and power profilers.

I suggest you read this post all the way through as I’ll detail the complete Introduction to INA219 covering datasheet, pinout, features, and applications. Let’s get started.

Introduction to INA219

• INA219 is a current/power sensor module mainly employed to sense the power, voltage or current where up to 128 samples can be averaged together to get filtering in noisy environments. This data is then submitted to a microcontroller using the I2C bus.

• This device features an I2C protocol mainly used to transmit data between devices. The I2C protocol comes with two wires SDA and SCL. The SDL is a serial data line that carries the data while SCL is a serial clock line that carries the clock signal and ensures the synchronization of data transfer over an I2C bus.

• In the I2C protocol, one device acts like a master and the other as a slave. Using this communication protocol you can attach multiple slaves with a single master whereas you can also control single or multiple slave devices with multiple masters.
• INA219 can be easily incorporated with microcontrollers and Arduino boards and with devices that come with an I2C bus interface.
• It also contains a 2W 0.1 Ohms 1% rated shunt resistor mainly employed to fulfill the current measuring requirements.
• This sensor module is a key part of the power monitoring systems. The power input of this device ranges from 3V to 5.5V and the target voltage is up to +26V.

INA219 Datasheet

It is better to go through the datasheet of the device before you embed this device into your electrical project. The datasheet features the main characteristics of the module. Click the link below to download the datasheet of INA219.

INA219 Pinout

The following figure shows the pinout diagram of INA219. The following table represents the pin description of each pin incorporated into the module.

Pin Description of INA219
Pin No.	Pin Description	Pin Name
1	Sensed Input line -	VIN-
2	Sensed Input line +	VIN+
3	Input voltage	VCC
4	Connected to ground	GND
5	Serial clock line that carries the clock signal	SCL
6	Serial data line that contains the data	SDA

INA219 Features

• Contains 2C- or SMBus-compatible interface
• Comes with up to +26V target voltage
• Power Input Range = 3.0V-5.5V
• Can Sense Bus Voltages ranging from 0 to 26 V

• Up to 128 samples are averaged to get filtering in noisy environments.
• Capable of up to ±3.2A current measurement, with ±0.8mA resolution
• Contains ohm 1% 2W current sense resistor
• Board Dimension = 0.8 x 0.9 inch (l x w x h)

INA219 Applications

• Used in power monitoring systems
• Employed in power profiler
• Used in digital multimeter

That’s all for today. Hope you find this article helpful. If you’re unsure or have any questions, you can approach me in the section below. I’d love to help you the best way I can. Feel free to share your valuable feedback and suggestions around the content we share so we keep coming back with quality content customized to your exact needs and requirements. Thank you for reading the article.

FDV301N N-channel MOSFET Datasheet, Pinout, Features & Applications

Hello Everyone! I welcome you on board. Happy to see you around. In this post today, I’ll walk you through the Introduction to FDB301N.

The FDV301N is an N-channel MOSFET using Fairchild's proprietary and high cell density, DMOS technology. The cell’s high density helps to minimize the on-state resistance. This device is mainly developed for low-voltage applications. This N-channel MOSFET replaces different digital transistors and provides different bias resistor values.

I suggest you read this post all the way through as I’ll detail the complete Introduction to FDV301N covering datasheet, pinout, features and applications. Let’s jump right in.

Introduction to FDV301N

• The FDV301N is an N-channel MOSFET mainly used for switching and low-voltage applications.
• It carries low on-state resistance and can be used in place of different transistors for a range of applications.

• This device contains three terminals named gate, drain, and source. The source is the terminal from which electrons enter the channel and drain is the area where electrons leave the channel. While gate terminal is used for biasing the device.

• The MOSFETs are mainly divided into two main types i.e. N-channel MOSFET and P-channel MOSFET. The N-channel MOSFETs carry electrons as major charge carriers and P-channel MOSFETs contain holes as the major charge carriers.
• The movement of electrons is better than the movement of holes, making N-channel MOSFETs better than P-channel MOSFETs for a range of applications, especially for high-load applications.
• The drain-source voltage of this device is 25V and gate-source voltage is 8V and maximum power dissipation is 0.35W. This is the amount of power it dissipates during the working of this device.

FDV301N Datasheet

It’s wise to go through the datasheet before you apply this component to your electrical project as using this datasheet you can get a hold of the main characteristics of the device. Click the link below to download the datasheet of FDV301N.

FDV301N Pinout

The following figure shows the pinout diagram of FDV301N. This chip comes with three terminals called source, gate, and drain.

Pin Description of FDV301N
Pin No.	Pin Description	Pin Name
1	Electrons enter the channel through the source terminal	Source (S)
2	Used for biasing the device	Gate (G)
3	Electrons leave the channel through the source terminal	Drain (D)

FDV301N Features

The following are the main features of FDV301N.

• The RDS (on-state resistance) is a resistance between drain and source terminal that is 5? at gate-source voltage VGS of 2.7V and it’s 4? at VGS of 4.5V.
• The gate-source voltage (VGS-th) is 8V
• Drain Source Voltage (VDS) is 25V
• Continuous Drain Current (ID) is 220mA

• Level gate drive requirements are very low, helping direct operation in 3V circuits.
• The high-density cell process ensures low on-state resistance RDS (ON).
• This device is reliable and rugged.
• The operating and storage temperature range is -55C to 150C.
• Comes in a compact industry-standard SOT-23 surface-mount package.

FDV301N Applications

This N-channel MOSFET chip is used in the following applications.

• Incorporated in low voltage low current applications.
• Employed as switching devices in electronic control units.
• Used in automotive electronics.
• Used as power converters in modern electric vehicles.
• Used in servo motor control.

That’s all for today. Hope you’ve got a brief insight into the Introduction to FDV301N. If you have any query, you can share your comment in the section below, I’ll help you the best way I can. Feel free to share your valuable feedback and suggestions around the content we share so we keep producing quality content customized to your exact needs and requirements. Thank you for reading the article.

IRF520 MOSFET Datasheet, Pinout, Features & Applications

Hi Guys! Hope you’re well today. Happy to see you around. Today, I’ll walk you through the Introduction to IRF520.

The IRF520 is an N-channel power MOSFET mainly used for switching and amplification purposes. It comes with a breakdown voltage of around 100V and a low gate threshold voltage is 4V, making it an ideal pick for microcontroller applications.

I suggest you read this post all the way through as I’ll detail the complete Introduction to IRF520 covering datasheet, pinout, features, and applications. Let’s get started.

Introduction to IRF520 MOSFET

• The IRF520 is an N-channel power MOSFET mainly used for switching and amplification purposes.
• It comes with three terminals named: gate, source, and drain and is available in the TO-220 package.
• It is important to note that the gate terminal is electrically insulated and contains no current and is normally called an Insulated Gate FET (IG-FET).

• As it’s an N-channel MOSFET so here major charge carriers are electrons as opposed to P-channel MOSFET where major carriers are holes.
• The movement of electrons is better than the movement of holes, making N-channel MOSFET better than P-channel MOSFET.
• Due to better movement of electrons, N-channel MOSFETs with high loads remain cool while P-channel MOSFETs turn hot in the presence of high loads.

• The major charge carriers i.e. electrons enter the channel through the source terminal while they exit the channel through the drain terminal. And the gate terminal controls the biasing of this MOSFET.
• This N-channel MOSFET comes with low on-state resistance of around 0.27 ohm, allowing it to dissipate less energy as heat and consequently increasing the efficiency of the device.
• IRF520 contains a low threshold voltage of around 4V which projects it can be turned on with 5V on the GPIO pins on the microcontroller.
• This chip comes with a decent switching speed, making it an ideal pick for DC-DC converter circuits.
• The continuous drain current (ID) of this device is 9.2A while the drain-to-source breakdown voltage is 100V. The Rise time is 30ns and the fall time is 20nS.

IRF520 Datasheet

Before you apply this component to your electrical project, it’s wise to scan through the datasheet of the component that features the main characteristics of the device. Click the link below to download the datasheet of IRF520.

IRF520 Pinout

The following figure shows the pinout diagram of IRF520 Mosfet. The IRF520 comes in three terminals named Gate, Drain, and Source.

Pin Description of IRF520
Pin No.	Pin Description	Pin Name
1	Used for biasing the device	Gate
2	Electrons leave the channel through a drain terminal	Drain
3	Electrons enter the channel through the source terminal	Source

IRF520 Features

The following are the main features of IRF520 mosfet.

• N-Channel Power MOSFET
• Continuous Drain Current (ID) = 9.2A
• Drain to Source Breakdown Voltage = 100V
• Rise time is 30ns and the fall time is 20nS.

• Drain Source Resistance (RDS) = 0.27 Ohms (also known as on-state resistance)
• Since it contains low threshold voltage, it is commonly employed with Arduino applications.
• Gate threshold voltage (VGS-th) = 4V (max)
• Available Package = TO-220 package

IRF520 Applications

The following are the main applications of this device.

• Employed to control the speed of motors
• Used in converters or Inverter circuits
• Used in high power devices
• Incorporated in high-speed switching applications
• Used in LED dimmers or flashers

That’s all for today. Hope you’ve got a brief insight into Introduction to IRF520 mosfet. If you’re unsure or have any questions, you can approach me in the section below. I’d love to help you the best way I can. Feel free to share your valuable feedback and suggestions around the content we share so we keep coming back with quality content customized to your exact needs and requirements. Thank you for reading the article.

BSS138 MOSFET Datasheet, Pinout, Features & Applications

Hi Everyone! Hope you’re well today. I welcome you on board. In this post today, I’ll detail the Introduction to BSS138.

The BSS138 is an N-Channel Logic Level Enhancement Mode Field Effect Transistor that is available in surface mount package SOT-23. It features a low input capacitance of around 40pF and a low on-state resistance of around 3.5. High switching speed and low threshold voltage make this device an ideal pick for level shifter circuit applications.

I suggest you read this post all the way through as I’ll walk you through the complete Introduction to BSS138 covering datasheet, pinout, features, and applications. Let’s jump right in.

Introduction to BSS138

• The BSS138 is an N-Channel MOSFET mainly used in low current and low voltage switching applications.
• It contains three terminals called, drain, source, and gate. At times the body is also included in the terminals, making it a four-terminal device.

• It is important to note that the gate terminal is electrically insulated and contains no current and is normally called an Insulated Gate FET (IG-FET).
• MOSFETs are categorized into two main types i.e. N-channel MOSFET and P-channel MOSFET. This chip BS138 falls under the category of N-channel MOSFET where electrons are major carriers. While holes are major carriers in P-channel MOSFETs.
• The electron movement is better than the hole movement. The reason, N-channel MOSFETs are preferred over P-channel MOSFETs for a range of applications.

• During working with high loads the P-channel MOSFETs turn hot while the N-channel MOSFETs remain cool.
• BSS138 comes in a continuous drain current of around 200mA and drain-source VDS voltage is 50V.
• The on-state resistance of this chip is 3.5, while the turn-off and turn-ON time is 20ns each.
• The compact and robust nature of this device makes it an ideal choice for portable applications including power management circuits and cell phones.
• The BSS138 is costly compared to its alternative 2n7002. Picking the alternative, you have to compromise with the threshold voltage and on-state resistance.

BSS138 Datasheet

Before you incorporate this component into your electrical project, it’s better to scan through the datasheet of the component that highlights the main characteristics of the device. You can download the datasheet of BS138 by clicking the link below.

BSS138 Pinout

The following figure shows the pinout diagram of BSS138. This device contains three terminals called source, drain, and gate.

Pin Description of BSS138
Pin No.	Pin Description	Pin Name
1	Electrons enter the channel through the source terminal	Source (S)
2	Controls the biasing of the component	Gate (G)
3	Electrons leave the channel through the drain terminal	Drain (D)

BSS138 Features

The following are the main features of BSS138.

• Logic Level N-Channel MOSFET
• Turn ON and Turn OFF time = 20ns each
• Continuous Drain Current (ID) = 200mA
• Comes in low on-state resistance

• Gate threshold voltage (VGS-th) = 0.5V
• On-state Resistance = 3.5?
• Drain Source Voltage (VDS) = 50V
• Gate threshold voltage (VGS-th) = 1.5V
• Available Package = SOT23 SMD

BSS138 Alternatives

The following are the alternatives to BSS138.

• IRF540N
• IRF3205
• IRF1010E
• 2N7000
• BS170N

Before you incorporate these alternatives, double-check the pinout of these equivalents as the pinout of the alternatives might differ from the pinout of BSS138.

BSS138 Applications

This chip is used in the following applications. Used in automotive electronics.

• Employed as switching devices in electronic control units.
• Incorporated in low voltage low current applications.
• Used in automotive electronics.
• Used as power converters in modern electric vehicles.
• Used in servo motor control.

That’s all for today. Hope you’ve got a brief insight into the Introduction to BSS138. If you have any questions, you can approach me in the section below, I’d love to help you the best way I can. You’re most welcome to share your valuable feedback and suggestions around the content we share so we keep sharing quality content customized to your exact needs and requirements. Thank you for reading the post.

T Flip Flop Circuit Diagram in Proteus ISIS

Hey Learners! I welcome you on the behalf of The Engineering Projects. I hope you are doing Great. If you are seeking for the best information about the T Flip Flop along with some small concepts and the Practical Performance, then you are at the right article. In this session you will get the following topics:

• What are T Flip Flops?
• What are the Functions of Preset and Clear Input in T Flip Flop?
• How can we Design the Truth Table of T Flip Flop?
• How can you perform the T Flip Flop simulation in very simple and useful way?

Moreover, you will also get some pieces of information in DID YOU KNOW sections. so without wasting time, lets Jump into the answer of 1st Question.

T Flip Flop

T Flip Flop belongs to the family of Flip Flops and Latches and we define the T Flip Flop as:

"T Flip Flops are bi-stable sequential Logic Circuits that are the modification of SR Flip Flops and contain just one input called T and two outputs called Q and Q' and a Clock input in the circuit. "

The Circuit is similar to the JK Flip Flop but the inputs are connected with the same Logic toggle and we control the Circuit with the help of Preset and Clear inputs. Furthermore, a Clock is used to synchronize the signals. we'll talk about this feature in upcoming sections.

DID YOU KNOW????????????????

The T Flip Flop is the modification in the JK Flip Flop that has two inputs and two outputs.

Function of Preset and Clear inputs in T Flip Flops

The Function of Preset and Clear is important. Both of these are the Synchronous Inputs. By saying this, we mean that these inputs are out of the Influence of the Clock. We change the values of these inputs, the working mechanism change according to the conditions. It seems that these inputs are not important yet they are important because one can use the circuit in different ways according to the requirements. In out Circuit and Truth Table, we denote the Preset as "P" and Clear as "C". You can Make a circuit without these inputs but it may have less functionality and working.

Working mechanism of T Flip Flop

The T Flip Flop work very similar to the JK Flip Flop but it has the difference that it can toggle with the situation of JK Flip Flop. Let's have a look at the situations in T Flip Flops.

DID YOU KNOW?????????????????

The T Flip Flops also called the Toggle Flip Flops. the toggling action is the presses in which the circuit is changed from 1 to 0 and vise versa.

When P=1 and C=0

In this condition, the Circuit is in the Set Condition. It means, the condition of Q will be same as the T . if T=1 then Q=1 and vise versa.

When P=0,C=1

This is the condition where the Circuit is in the RESET condition. The Q remains HIGH irrespective of the value of T. Toggle input have the influence on the Q'. the Output Q' follows the same condition as the T.

When P=0,C=0

In this Condition, the value of Toggle input does not have any effect on the Output, they remain open always.

When P=1,C=1

for this situation. the output is of Q is HIGH for a while then low and Q' is High.

DID YOU KNOW?????????????????

You can also use an IC for the T Flip Flop. It will be more easy and effective but it has a fixed working that is not good for the learning purpose.

T Flip Flop Truth Table

If we look at the discussion above, we'll get an idea that the T Flip Flop work according to the values of synchronous Inputs. Here's the T Flip Flop Truth Table:  

Condition	P	C	CLK	T	Q	Q’
SET	1	0	High	0	0	1
	1	0	High	1	1	1
Reset	0	1	High	0	1	0
	0	1	High	1	1	1
invalid	0	0	High	0	1	1
			High	1
Invalid	1	1	High	0	0	1
			High	1	1	1

Hence, now we have a great idea what does T Flip Flop do. Let's design the circuit of T Flip Flop in Proteus using all these concepts.

DID YOU KNOW??????????????????

When Clock is LOW, one can examine a totally different behavior of the Circuit.

T Flip Flop Circuit Diagram in Proteus ISIS

• Now we will design T Flip Flop Circuit Diagram in Proteus Software.
• Here's the components list, which will be required for this simulation:

Components Required

1. 3 input NAND Gate.
2. 2 Input NAND Gate.
3. Logic Toggle.
4. LED-red.
5. Ground Terminal.
6. Connecting Wires.

• Choose the 1st four components from the Pick Library through "P" Button one after the other.
• Set Four 3 input NAND Gate at the screen vertically just like shown in the image below:

 

• Take two Logic Toggles and set them just before the Gate 1 and one in between Gate 1 and 2 one by one.
• Take 1 logic Toggle and set it just upper side of the system.
• Repeat the step with the lower area of the Circuit.
• Get the LED and place it after the Gate Q.
• Repeat the step with the Q' Gate.
• Grab the Ground Terminal From the Terminal Mode>Ground present at the left side of screen and connect 1 with the end of LED of Q and Q'.
• Connect all the components with the help of connecting wires according to the image given below:

 

• Change the Values at the Logic toggles and observe the result.

DID YOU KNOW?????????????????

One can use the Clock Terminal present in the pick Library. But it will be difficult to understand the conditions and outputs because it is less demonstrative.

Truss, today we saw what are the T Flip Flops, How does Preset and Clear work in the T Flip Flops, how can we design the Truth Table of T Flip Flop and how can we design the whole simulation of T Flip Flop in Proteus ISIS. If you want to learn more about the circuits and simulation of Logical and Electronic Circuits, you can check our other tutorials and experiments as well.

D-Type Flip Flop Circuit Diagrams in Proteus

Hey Mentees! Welcome from the team of The Engineering Projects. We hope You are having a reproductive day. To add more reproduction, let's learn another Logical Circuit from scratch. In this Tutorial, we'll grasp the following topics:

1. What are D-Type Flip Flop?
2. Which is the IC of D Flip Flop in Proteus ISIS?
3. How is the working of D Flip Flop?
4. How can we design the Truth Table of D Flip Flop?
5. How can we Perform the formation of D Flip Flops in Proteus ISIS?

Moreover, we'll have small chunks of information in DID YOU KNOW Sections. At this instance, Let's start the learning.

D-Type Flip Flops

D-Type Flip Flops are important Logical Circuits and we Introduce it as:

"The D-Type Flip Flop is a type of Flip Flop that captures the value of D input for a specific time of the Clock edge and show the output according to the value of D at that time."

D-Type Flip Flops have the ability to Latch or delay the DATA inputs and therefore are the improved version of the SR Flip Flop (In which the data shows the Invalid output when the inputs are HIGH) . Recall that Flip Flops are the Logical Circuits that can hold and store the data in the form of bits and are important building blocks of many of electronic devices and circuits.

DID YOU KNOW???????????????????????? The D Flip Flop is also known as the Data Flip Flop.

When we observe the circuit of D Flip Flop we observe 2 Important points in the D flip Flops:

1. The D Flip Flop is the circuit of active High SR Flip Flop that have the S and R inputs connected together with an invertor gate so that both S  and R (looking with the point of view of SR Flip Flop) will always have the opposite state to each other.
2. The circuit has only one input called D input and it always has a clock that has one of the major effect at the output of D Flip Flop.

D Flip Flop IC

IC's play a magical role in the world of electronics. They make the circuit so simple and decrease the chances of the errors in the circuit. for D Flip Flop, the IC Used has a number CD4013 and for better understanding, D Flip Flop IC named 4013 is shown in the Proteus software in the image below: The S and R are the additional pins to use it for the higher level Experiments. Yet for the simplicity and core information, we'll use Logic Gates when we'll perform in the practical section.

Working of D Flip Flop

In the working of D type Flip Flop, we observe that the D is the only input of the D Flip Flop. yet, the Clock also has the effect in the output of the circuit. Due to the Latched Circuit of Flip Flops, all this discussion would be pointless if we took the concept in the mind that at every pulse, the data of the Flip Flop is changed. Truss, we use an Enabler or Clock in the Circuit through which we can separate the circuit from the input at the instance of our will. When clock is HIGH: Thus, when the D is set HIGH the circuit is said to be in the "Set" State. By the same token, when the D input is LOW the circuit is said to be in the "Reset" position. Unlike SR Flip Flop, the output Q is same as the value of D input and Q' is the vise versa. When Clock is LOW: During the operation when the Clock or Enable input is LOW, any value at the D does not have any effect on the circuit's output. This position is called the "Don't Care" State of D Flip Flop.

Truth Table of D Flip Flop

Based upon the Concepts given above, one can easily design the Truth Table of the D Flip Flop. Let's have a look at the Truth Table.

Inputs		Output
CLK	D	Q	Q’
0	X	No Change
1	0	0	1
1	1	1	0

For the purpose of best understanding, we are going to check these concepts and the circuit information in the simulation Software. We are using the Proteus ISIS here.

Performance of D Flip Flop i Proteus ISIS

To perform the experiment in the software, just follow the simple steps given next.

Material Required

1. NAND Gate
2. NOT Gate
3. Logic Toggle
4. LED-RED
5. Ground Terminal
6. Connecting wires

• Fire up your Proteus ISIS.
• Pop the "P" button present at the screen and Write the name of 1st four devices and select them one after the other.
• Arrange four NAND gates and the inverter gate (NOT Gate) at the working area just according to the image given below:

• Take Logic Toggles and arrange them just at the left side of the system.
• Get the LED's for the output and connect one of them with the output of switch Q and Q'.
• Go to Terminal mode>Ground, attach the one ground Terminal with each the LEDs.
• Connect all the devices according to the diagram given next:

• Change the value of the Clock and observe does the value of the output change?
• Turning the LED on means the output is HIGH and vise versa.
• For convenience, the D Flip Flop can also be obtained by using a NAND as NOT in the Circuit as shown in figure:

DID YOU KNOW?????????????

In real life, the Clock is used in the place of Logic Gate (as shown in the image above) because it automatically changes the direction and change the output of the D Flip Flop. 

NOTE: You can also use the Logic Probe instead of the Grounded LED. Truss, in this session, we saw what are the D Flip Flops, how does they work, how an we design the Truth Table of D Flip Flop and how can we perform it practically in Proteus ISIS. In the next session, we'll know what are T Flip Flop and how is its Simulation in Proteus ISIS.

74LS76 Dual JK Flip-Flop Datasheet, Pinout, Features & Applications

Hi Folks! Hope you’re well today. Happy to see you around. Today, I’ll walk you through the Introduction to 74LS76.

The 74LS76 comes with separate J, K, clock pulse, direct clear inputs, and direct set. These flip-flops are developed in such a way when the clock is set HIGH, data will be received enabling inputs.

I suggest you buckle up as I’ll detail the complete Introduction to 74LS76 covering datasheet, pinout, features, alternatives, and applications.

Introduction to 74LS76

• The 74LS76 comes with separate J, K, clock pulse, direct clear inputs, and direct set. These flip-flops are developed in such a way when the clock is set HIGH, data will be received enabling inputs.
• This IC contains two JK flip-flops and each flip-flop can be utilized individually for the required applications.

• These flip-flops are mainly employed in control registers, shift registers, and storage registers and are termed as latching devices due to their ability to remember every single bit of data.
• These devices latch the output based on the stored binary data.
• It is important to note more than one flip-flop can be combined in series for storing a small amount of data as an EEPROM.

• The operating voltage range of this dual JK flip-flop is 2V to 6V and comes in 14-pin PDIP, GDIP and PDSO packages.
• This JK flip-flop is termed the best pick for practical applications as it possesses stable output for all types of inputs.
• The J and K inputs logic levels will be performed as per the Truth Table as long as minimum set-up times are taken into observation.
• Know that the Input data is converted to the outputs when the HIGH-to-LOW clock transition occurs.
• This IC houses two JK flip-flops and is powered by +5V.

74LS76 Datasheet

Before you apply this component to your electrical project, it’s wise to scan through the datasheet of the component that highlights the main characteristics of the chip. Click the link below to download the datasheet of 74LS76

74LS76 Pinout

The following is the pinout diagram of 74LS76. The following table represents the pin description of each pin integrated on the chip.

Pin Description of 74LS76 Dual JK Flip-Flop
Pin No.	Pin Description	Pin Name
1,6	These pins should be provided with a clock pulse for the flip flop	Clock-1/ Clock-2
2,7	Preset input pins drive Flip Flop to a set state.	Preset-1 / Preset-2
16,12	Input pin of the Flip Flop	1K/ 2K
4,9	Another Input pin of the Flip Flop	1J / 2J
14,10	The inverted output pin of Flip Flop	1Q(bar) / 2Q (bar)
15,11	Output Pin of the Flip Flop	1Q / 2Q
3,8	Clear input pin drives Flip Flop to a reset state.	1 CLR (bar)/ 2 CLR (bar)
13	Connected to the ground	Ground
5	Powers the IC with 5V	Power (+Vs)

74LS76 Truth Table

The clear and preset are termed as the asynchronous active-low inputs. When they are set LOW, they result in overriding the J-K and clock inputs allow the output to remain in the steady-state levels. The truth table of 74LS76 is shown below.

74LS76 Features

The main features of the chip are described below.

• Operating Voltage Range = 2V to 6V
• Low-Level Output Voltage Max. = 0.25V
• High-Level Output Voltage Min. = 3.5 V
• Dual JK Flip Flop Chip

• Operating Temperature Range = -55 to -125°C
• Low-Level Input Voltage Max. = 0.8 V
• High-Level Input Voltage Min. = 2 V
• Available Packages = 14-pin PDIP, GDIP, PDSO

74LS76 Applications

The following are the main applications of flip-flop 74LS76.

• Employed in Memory/Control Registers
• Used in Shift Registers
• Used in Latching devices
• Incorporated in EEPROM circuits

That’s all for today. Hope you’ve got a clear insight into the Introduction to 74LS76. If you have any questions, you can pop your comment in the section below, I’d love to help you the best way I can. Feel free to share your valuable feedback and suggestions around the content we share so we keep producing quality content tailored to your exact needs and requirements. Thank you for reading the article.

CD4011 NAND Gate Datasheet, Pinout, Features & Applications

Hi Guys! Hope you’re well today. I welcome you on board. In this post today, I’ll detail the Introduction to CD4035.

CD4011 IC belongs to the CD40xx CMOS IC series. The CD4011 chip comes with four independent NAND gates. This device is used to perform the Boolean function Y = A × B or Y = A + B in positive logic. This IC is widely used in many applications including Portable Audio Docks, AV Receivers, and Blu-Ray Players.

I suggest you read this entire post till the end as I’ll walk you through the complete introduction to CD4011 covering datasheet, pinout, features, truth table, alternatives, and applications. Let’s jump right in.

Introduction to CD4011

• CD4011 IC belongs to the CD40xx CMOS IC series. The CD4011 chip comes with four independent NAND gates.
• It is important to note that the output voltage and the operating voltage of this IC are equal.

• This chip is widely used in many electrical circuits including mp3 players, AV receivers, Blu-ray players, and home theater.

• If you want to use this chip as a logic inverter, you can reconfigure the NAND gates into NOT gates.
• Less transition time makes this device the best pick for high-speed applications.
• The typical operating voltage of this device is 5V which comes in 14-pin PDIP, GDIP and PDSO packages.
• The operating voltage range is -55 to 125C and the propagation delay time is 60ns.

CD4011 Datasheet

Before you incorporate this component into your electrical project, it’s better to scan through the datasheet of the component that comes with the main characteristics of the device. You can download the datasheet of CD4011 by clicking the link below.

CD4011 Pinout

The following figure shows the pinout diagram of CD4011. The following table represents the pin description of each pin available on the chip.

Pin Description of CD4011
Pin No.	Pin Description	Pin Name
1,2,5,6,8,9,12,13	First Input pin of the NAND gate	NAND Gate Input pins
3,4,10,11	The Inverting input pin of the Op-Amp A	NAND Gate Output pins
14	5V is used to power the IC	Vcc (Vdd)
4	Connect to the ground	Ground Vss

CD4011 Features

The following are the main features of CD4011.

• Typical Operating Voltage = 5V
• Operating Temperature Range = - 55 C to + 125 C
• Low-Level Output Current = 1.5mA
• High-Level Output Current = - 1.5 mA

• Propagation Delay Time = 60 ns
• Dual Input NAND Gate – Quad Package
• Available Packages = 14-pin PDIP, GDIP, PDSO

CD4011 Truth Table

The following figure shows the truth table of CD4011. You can see from the truth table that the output of the device will only be LOW when both inputs of the device are HIGH, in other cases, it will be HIGH.

CD4011 Circuit Diagram

The CD4011 circuit diagram is shown in the figure below. You can see from the image above that this IC comes with four independent NAND gates. It carries 12 input-output pins available for four NAND gates. Power up the IC with VCC and Ground pins. The operating voltage of this device is 5V but it can also work at 7V.

CD4011 Equivalents

The following are the alternative to CD4011.

• SN54LS00
• SN74HC00

Before incorporating these alternatives into your project, double-check the pinout of the alternatives as the pinout of the CD4011 might differ from the pinout of the equivalents.

CD4011 Applications

The CD4011 chip is used in the following applications.

• Employed in portable Audio Docks
• Used in AV Receivers
• Used in MP3 Players or Recorders
• Applied in Home Theater
• Incorporated in Blu-Ray Players
• Employed in Personal Digital Assistants (PDAs)

That’s all for today. Hope you’ve got a brief insight into the Introduction to CD4011. If you have any questions, you can pop your comment in the section below. I’d love to help you the best way I can. You’re most welcome to share your feedback around the content we share so we keep sharing quality content tailored to your exact needs and requirements. Thank you for reading the post.