The Engineering Projects

1N4749 Zener Diode Datasheet, Pinout, Features & Applications

Hello Friends! Happy to see you around. I welcome you on board. In this post today, I’ll walk you through the Introduction to 1n4749.

The 1n4749 is a Zener diode made of silicon material. It is used for clipping circuits with high power ratings. It is also incorporated in voltage stabilizing circuits and voltage protection circuits. There is a slight difference between the normal diode and the Zener diode. In the normal diode, conduction is carried out in one direction only i.e. in forward biased condition. While in the case of the Zener diode, the conduction is carried out in both conditions i.e. forward biased condition and reverse biased condition. Zener diodes are also applied to keep circuits from overvoltage.

Read this post till the end as I’ll walk you through the complete Introduction to 1n4749 covering datasheet, pinout, features, and applications of Zener diode 1n4749. Let’s jump right in.

Introduction to 1N4749

• The 1n4749 is a Zener diode available in the DO-41 package. It is composed of semiconductor material and is mainly employed in voltage protection circuits and for clipping circuits with high power ratings.
• A simple diode and a Zener diode are two different components in terms of the current flowing inside them. The conduction in the simple diode is carried out in one direction only i.e. forward biased condition. The current flows from the anode terminal to the cathode terminal in a simple diode
• While on the other hand, the conduction in the Zener diode is carried out in both conditions i.e. forward biased condition and reverse biased condition.

• The Zener resistor is commonly used in electrical circuits along with the Zener diode that controls the current flowing through the diode and the load connected to the Zener diode. If you don’t apply this resistor, the Zener diode may be damaged because of the high current passing through the diode. The Zener resistor keeps the Zener diode from high current.

• The Zener diode is made by plenty of different voltages and is commonly known as a building block of modern electronics.
• Some Zener diodes that come with electronic quantum tunneling carry sharp p-n junction. This electronic tunneling is known as the Zener effect.
• Zener diodes are used to produce low-power supply rails using higher voltages. They are also incorporated to produce reference voltages for the electrical circuits.
• The current flowing through the Zener diode is defined by the power dissipation. More dissipation leads to more current flow. The 1n4749 comes with a total power dissipation of 1W.
• You need to consider two parameters when you’re picking the Zener diode. One is power dissipation and the other is Zener voltage. The Zener voltage potential can be achieved when a certain higher reverse voltage is applied to the Zener diode.
• You cannot force a normal diode to conduct in both directions, doing so will result in damage to the component and thus the entire project.

1N4749 Datasheet

• While working with any component, it’s better to scan through the datasheet of the component that highlights the main characteristics of the device.
• Click the link below if you want to download the datasheet of 1n4749.

1N4749 Pinout

The following figure represents the pinout diagram of 1n4749.

• The 1n4749 comes with two pins, also known as terminals, called anode and cathode. These two terminals are used for the external connection with the electrical circuit.
• The anode pin is positive and is the place from where current enters the diode and the cathode side is negative… the area from where current leaves the diode.

1N4749 Features

The following are the features of the 1n4749 Zener Diode.

• Regulator Current (Izm) Maximum = 0.038A
• Silicon planer power Zener diode
• Forward Voltage Drop (Vf) = 1.2V
• Total Power Dissipation (Ptot) = 1W
• Reverse Leakage Current (Ir) Maximum = 5µA
• Nominal Zener Voltage (Vz) = 24V

1N4749 Applications

• Incorporated as a low-current voltage regulator.
• Used in voltage stabilizing circuits.
• Used as shunt regulators.
• Used as voltage protection for Microcontrollers.
• Employed in voltage protection circuits.

This is the complete Introduction to 1n4749. I hope I’ve covered everything important in the article related to 1n4749. In case you find something missing or have any questions, you can approach me in the section below. I’d love to help you the best way I can. Feel free to share your valuable suggestions and keep helping us document quality content customized to your exact needs and requirements. Thank you for reading the article.

SB5100 Schottky Rectifier Datasheet, Pinout, Features & Applications

Hi Folks! Hope you’re well today. Happy to see you around. In this post today, I’ll detail the Introduction to SB5100. The SB5100 is a Schottky diode used in electrical circuits to avoid overvoltage. It is also known as a hot-carrier diode and comes with low forward drop voltage. It is capable of high surge current and is used in power management and automotive applications. You can go through the Introduction to 1n5822 and Introduction to 1n5821 that I have uploaded recently. Read this entire post till the end as I’ll walk you through the datasheet, pinout, features, and applications of this tiny component SB5100.

Introduction to SB5100

• The SB5100 is a Schottky diode, also known as a hot-carrier diode, mainly employed for extremely fast switching.
• Schottky diode and regular diode are two different components in terms of voltage needed to power up these devices.

• The Schottky diode requires only 0.3V out of 2V DC source voltage, leaving behind 1.7V to power the diode. While, on the other hand, a common diode requires only 0.7V, leaving behind 1.3V to power the diode device.

• Schottky diode is also called a hot-carrier diode since when the metal anode is combined with a semiconductor material, it results in the creation of a barrier. The reason Schottky devices are also called a hot-carrier diode.
• MOSFETs replace these Schottky diodes where less power dissipation is required.

SB5100 Datasheet

Before you apply this component into your electrical project, it’s better to go through the datasheet of the component that details the characteristics of the device, helping you better evaluate the power ratings of the device. Click the link below if you want to download the datasheet of component SB5100.

SB5100 Pinout

The following figure shows the pinout diagram of SB5100.

• SB5100 is a two-pin device, these pins are also called terminals. Where one pin is the anode and the other pin is the cathode used for the external connection with the electronic circuit.
• The cathode pin is negative and is the area from where the current leaves the diode and the anode pin is positive and is the place from where the current enters the diode.
• The current moves from the anode terminal to the cathode terminal. The anode positive pin is composed of metal and the cathode negative pin is made of semiconductor material.

SB5100 Features

The following are the main features and absolute maximum ratings of SB5100.

• Comes with low forward drop voltage
• Capable of generating high current
• Carries high surge current capability
• Available in epitaxial construction
• Comes with high reliability

• Repetitive reverse voltage Max. = 100 V
• Forward surge current Max. = 150 A
• Forward voltage Vf Max. = 850mV
• Diode case style = DO-201AD
• Forward current = 5 A
• Operating temperature = 150 C

SB5100 Schottky Diode Construction

• The SB5100 is a Schottky diode composed of metal and semiconductor material. The N-type semiconductor material is used in the construction of the Schottky diode. When n-type material is combined with metals like tungsten, molybdenum, platinum, chromium, it creates the Schottky diode.
• It is important to note that both p-type and n-type semiconductors can be employed along with the metal, but n-type materials are preferred over p-type materials since the later carries low forward drop voltage.
• This Schottky diode is a two-terminal device. These terminals are known as anode and cathode terminal. The anode is a positive side that is composed of metal material and the cathode side is negative that is made of semiconductor material.
• The forward drop voltage of the diode is directly related to the nature of semiconductor material and metal employed for the formation of a barrier. Low forward drop voltage results in the release of less energy as heat, making this diode suitable for the applications sensitive to efficiency.

These devices are also employed in the solar systems that keep the batteries from discharging in the absence of solar energy.

SB5100 Applications

• Incorporated in stand-alone photovoltaic systems.
• Employed in high-frequency and low voltage inverters.
• Can be applied to control the electronic charge.
• Employed in freewheeling and logic circuits.
• Used in DC/DC converters and polarity protection applications.
• Used for signal detection and radio frequency applications.
• Employed in extremely fast switching applications.
• Used in sample-and-hold circuits.

That’s all for today. I hope you find this article helpful. If you have any questions, you can pop your comment in the section below, I’d love to help you the best way I can. Moreover, share your valuable suggestions and help us create better content customized to your exact needs and requirements. Thank you for reading the article.

Introduction to P6KE200A Diode Datasheet, Pinout, Features & Equivalents

Hi everyone! Hope you’re well today. I welcome you on board. In this post today, I’ll walk you through the Introduction to P6KE220A.

The P6KE200A is a transient voltage suppressor (TVS) diode that uses clamping action to provide circuit protection against overvoltage. It is widely used in low-voltage supplied ICs and MOS technology due to its quick response to transient overvoltages. For P6KE200A the clamping voltage is 246V and the breakdown voltage is ranged from 190V to 210V.

I suggest you read this entire post till the end as I’ll detail the complete introduction to P6KE200A covering datasheet, pinout, features equivalents, and applications of this component P6KE200A.

Introduction to P6KE200A

• The P6KE200A is a transient voltage suppressor (TVS) device mainly used to cancel the overvoltage effects on electrical circuits and semiconductor materials. It is applied to nullify the overvoltage effects in MOS technology and low-voltage-supplied ICs.
• P6KE200A is connected in parallel with the electrical circuit that needs to be protected against overvoltage.

• For unidirectional functioning, you can identify the cathode side with a gray color band on it while the other side is the anode.

• For bi-directional functioning, however, this diode comes with the same characteristics in both negative and positive directions, hence, in that case, it doesn’t matter how you install this component into your project.
• I-V characteristics of the P6KE200A are given below.

• In P6KE200A, P6KE is known as the series name, 200 defines the diode operating voltage, while A means unidirectional.

P6KE200A Datasheet

Before applying this component to your electrical project, it’s better to go through the datasheet of the component that details the main characteristics of the device.

You can download the datasheet of p6ke200a by clicking the link below.

P6KE200A Pinout

The following figure shows the pinout diagram of P6KE200A.

• This tiny component is a two-pin device composed of two terminals called anode and cathode. The anode side is positive and the cathode side is negative.
• The current leaves the diode from the cathode side and it enters the diode from the anode terminal.

P6KE200A Features

The following are the features of P6KE200A.

• Working Voltage = 171 V
• Glass P6KE200Assivated junction
• Halogen-free and RoHS compliant
• 600W peak pulse caP6KE200Ability at 10Ã
• Operating Temperature Range = -65 to 175 °C
• Breakdown Voltage = 190V to 210V
• Low incremental surge resistance
• High-temperature soldering guaranteed: 265°C./10 seconds/
• Current - Peak Pulse = 2.2A
• Case P6KE200Ackaging = DO-204AC
• Clamping Voltage = 274 V
• Excellent clamping caP6KE200Ability
• Fast response time: typically less than 1.0ps

P6KE200A Alternative

P6KE180A is an alternative to P6KE200A.

Other TVS diodes that can replace P6KE200A are SM712, SRV05, SMBJ12CA

P6KE200A Applications

• Used in data and signal lines
• Used for clamping in low-energy circuits
• Used in telecommunication Equipment
• Employed in microprocessor and MOS memory
• Employed in AC/DC power lines

That was all about the Introduction to P6KE200A. If you have any questions, you can ask me in the section below, I’d love to help you the best way I can. Feel free to share your suggestions around the content we share so we keep sharing valuable content customized to your exact needs and requirements. Thank you for reading the article.

Introduction to SR560 Schottky Diode Datasheet, Pinout, Features & Applications

Hi Friends! Hope you’re well today. I welcome you on board. Happy to see you around. In this post today. I’ll detail the Introduction to SR560. The SR560 is a Schottky diode mainly employed in extremely fast switching applications. High surge current capability device, SR560 is highly efficient and reliable and comes with a maximum recurrent peak reverse voltage of 60V while the maximum RMS voltage is 42V. Read this post all the way through, as I’ll discuss the Introduction to SR560 covering datasheet, pinout, features, and applications. Let’s get started.

Introduction to SR560

• The SR560 is a Schottky diode mainly employed in extremely fast switching purposes.
• It is also called a hot-carrier diode that comes with low forward drop voltage.
• It is available in the DO-201AD package with a maximum DC blocking voltage of 60V. The storage temperature range is -55 to 150 C while the average maximum forward current is 5A.

• The SR560 carries two terminals called anode and cathode.

• Low power loss and low-cost device, SR560 carries a low forward voltage drop. It weighs only 1.1g and the colored band on the device indicates the cathode terminal while the other end is the anode terminal.
• Schottky diode is also called a hot-carrier diode. This diode exhibits low electronic energy in an unbiased condition. A barrier is formed due to this low energy that restricts the electron movement. Since a barrier is constructed, a reason this device is also called a hot carrier diode.
• Both Schottky diode and common diode are the same when it comes to the flow of current i.e. both favor the current flow in one direction and restrict it in opposite direction.
• These diodes are different in terms of the voltage needed to power up these diodes.
• Both diodes require 2V DC source voltage where the Schottky diode needs only 0.3V, leaving behind 1.7V to power up the diode. And common diode requires only 0.7V, leaving behind 1.3V to power up the diode.

SR560 Datasheet

Before applying this component to your electrical project, it’s wise to get a hold of the datasheet of the component that details the main characteristics of the device. You can download the datasheet of SR560 by clicking the link below. SR560 Pinout The following figure shows the pinout diagram of SR560.

• This high efficient component is a two-pin device. Pins are also called terminals used for the external connection with the electrical circuit.
• One terminal is called anode while the other is called the cathode. The anode pin is positive and is the place where the current enters the device while the cathode pin is negative and is the area from where the current leaves the diode.
• It is important to note that the current flows from the anode terminal to the cathode terminal.
• Moreover, this is a unidirectional device that means current flows in one direction only i.e. from anode to cathode.
• You cannot force this device to conduct in both directions. Doing so will damage the component.

SR560 Features

• High surge current capability
• High current capability
• Package = DO-201AD
• Polarity = Cathode band

• Mounting position = Any
• Repetitive peak reverse voltage = 60V
• Peak reverse current = 0.5 mA
• Low cost and high reliability
• Low forward voltage drop
• Low power loss and highly efficient

SR560 Schottky Diode Construction

When metal is combined with the semiconductor material, they produce Schottky diode. When metals like platinum, tungsten, chromium, and molybdenum are combined with the n-type material they constitute Schottky diode. The Schottky diode forward drop voltage is dependent on the nature of metal and semiconductor material employed in the formation of this diode. Schottky diode is a two-pin device where one pin is called an anode and the other pin is called a cathode. The anode pin is positive and is composed of metal while the cathode pin is negative and is made of n-type semiconductor material. You can also apply p-type semiconductor material for the making of Schottky diode, but they carry low forward drop voltage compared to the n-type material.

SR560 Applications

• Employed in high-frequency and low voltage inverters.
• Used in polarity protection and DC/DC converters applications.
• Used in freewheeling and logic circuits.
• Used in sample-and-hold circuits.

• Used in solar systems and radio frequency applications.
• Incorporated for signal detection and extremely fast switching applications.
• Used to control the electronic charge.

That’s all for today. I hope you find this article helpful. If you have any question, you can approach me in the comment section below, I’d love to help you the best way I can. Feel free to share your valuable suggestions around the content we share so we keep producing quality content. Thank you for reading the article.

IRF730 N-Channel MOSFET Datasheet, Pinout, Features, Equivalent and Applications

Hello Friends! Hope you’re well today. I welcome you on board. In this post today, I’ll walk you through the Introduction to IRF730. The IRF730 is an n-channel MOSFET where major charge carriers are electrons and conduction in the transistor is carried out due to the motion of these electrons. It comes with a TO-220 package where the drain-to-source breakdown voltage is 400V and power dissipation is 100W. I suggest you read this post all the way through as I’ll be discussing the complete Introduction to IRF730 covering datasheet, pinout, features, power ratings, equivalent, and applications. Let’s jump right in.

Introduction to IRF730

• The IRF730 is an n-channel MOSFET mainly used for switching and amplification applications in the electrical circuits.
• The MOSFET stands for Metal Oxide Silicon Field Effect Transistor also known as IGFET Insulated Gate Field Effect Transistor that is generated by the controlled oxidation of a semiconductor material like silicon.

• IRF730 MOSFET is a three-terminal device composed of gate (G) drain (D) and source (S). The current between two drain and source terminals is controlled by the voltage applied at the gate pin. The gate pin acts like a control valve through which the conduction of current is controlled between two terminals.
• The IRF730 is an n-channel MOSFET where major charge carriers are electrons and current conduction is due to the motion of these electrons in contrast to the p-channel MOSFET where conduction is carried out due to the motion of holes.
• Basic building element of modern electronics, MOSFET is introduced in 1959 in Bell Labs by Mohemed M Atalla and Dawn Kahng. MOSFETs are created to overcome the limitations by FETs like moderate input impedance, high drain resistance, and slower operation.
• This N-channel MOSFET is a voltage-controlled device in contrast to BJT (bipolar junction transistor) that are current-controlled devices.
• In MOSFET current starts flowing between the drain and source terminals, when we apply the voltage at the gate pin.
• The n-channel MOSFETs are commonly called NMOS. And the symbol for the n-channel MOSFET is given below.

• MOSFETs are compared to BJTs in terms of low loss and high-speed operation.
• They are divided into two types in terms of polarity i.e. n-type and p-type and are further divided into two types i.e. enhancement type normally OFF where the voltage at the gate terminal is zero and the depletion type with normally ON.
• The enhancement type is popular and is commonly preferred over depletion type MOSFET.

IRF730 Datasheet

Before you use this component into your electrical project, scan through the datasheet of the device that details the main characteristics of the component. You can download the datasheet of IRF730 by clicking the link below.

IRF730 Pinout

The IRF730 is an N-channel MOSFET that comes with three terminals named 1: Gate 2: Drain 3: Source

• The current between source and drain is controlled by the gate terminal when we apply voltage on the gate terminal.
• The following figure shows the pinout diagram of IRF730 MOSFET.

• Generally, the MOSFET is a four-terminal component with a Source (S), gate (G), Drain (D), and a Body (B) / Substrate. The body area is always attached to the source terminal thus the MOSFET works as a three-terminal device.

IRF730 Features

• Type: n-channel MOSFET
• Maximum Junction Temperature = 150 C
• Maximum Gate-to-Source Voltage = 20 V
• Drain-to-Source Breakdown Voltage = 400 V
• Power Dissipation = 100 W

• Maximum Drain-Source On-State Resistance = 1.0 Ohm
• Total Gate Charge = 18 nC
• Drain-source capacitance = 800 pF
• Maximum Drain Current = 5.5 A
• Package = TO-220AB

IRF730 Equivalent

The following are the equivalent to IRF730.

• IRF730A
• IRF740
• IRF730B
• IRF740A
• IRF740LC
• IRF740B
• IRF840
• IRF840LC
• IRF840A
• IRFB17N50L
• IRFB9N65A
• IRFB13N50A
• IRFB9N60A

While working with the alternatives, make sure you double-check the pinout of alternatives. The pinout of the alternatives might differ from the pinout of IRF730.

IRF730 Applications

• Employed in switching and amplifying applications.
• Used in high-efficiency DC to DC converters.
• Used in motor control and UPS.

That was all about the Introduction to IRF730. If you have any questions, you can ask me in the section below, I’d love to help you according to the best of my expertise. Feel free to keep us updated with your valuable feedback and suggestions and help improve the quality of our content. Thank you for reading the article.

UF5408 Recovery Diode Datasheet, Pinout, Features and Applications

Hi Guys! Hope you’re well today. I welcome you on board. Thank you for clicking this read. In this post today, I’ll detail the Introduction to UF5408. The UF5408 is an ultra-fast recovery diode that comes with quick recovery time. It is mainly used to rectify the sine waves. Upon rectifying the signal it converts the AC signal into a DC signal. This diode provides the DC signal to the electronic device since most of the electronic devices operate on the DC signal. Just stay with me for a little while as I’ll discuss the complete Introduction to UF5408 covering datasheet, pinout, features, and applications of this component UF5408. Let’s get started.

Introduction to UF5408

• The UF5408 is a recovery diode that carries quick recovery time and is mainly used to convert the AC signal into DC signal.

• Upon turning the AC signal to the DC signal diode requires a certain amount of time during which this rectification happens. This time is known as recovery time. And this diode exhibits an extremely good recovery time of 75ns.

• The average rectified current of UF5408 is 3A and the peak repetitive reverse voltage is 1000V. The maximum reverse current is recorded at 0.010mA and the maximum RMS reverse voltage is 700V.

UF5408 Datasheet

Before you incorporate this component into your electrical project, it’s always better to go through the datasheet of the component that details the main characteristics of the component. You can download the datasheet of UF5408 by clicking the link below.

UF5408 Pinout

• The UF5408 diode comes with two terminals called anode and cathode. The current moves from the anode to cathode.
• The following figure represents the pinout diagram of UF5408.

• The anode side is positive through which current enters the diode and the cathode terminal is negative through which current leaves the diode.

• You can identify the cathode side simply by looking at the diode. The area with the grey colored band is the cathode side and the other is the anode.

UF5408 Working

• The time of each cycle of the signal is inversely proportional to the frequency of the signal. The more the time of the cycle, the shorter the frequency of the signal and vice versa.
• The following figure shows the comparison of the recovery time of normal diode and fast recovery diode.

• When time is shorter it means the frequency of the signal is very high and less time the diode requires to recover from each cycle.
• At very high frequencies it becomes very difficult for the diodes to quickly recover from each cycle. In such cases, the normal diode fails to quickly recover the signal since it finds it hard to swiftly respond to such short duration spikes.
• A fast recovery diode like UF5408 is applied in such cases to quickly respond to these short duration spikes and recover the signal.
• An ordinary diode takes microseconds to recover and is suitable for low-frequency applications. However, in high-frequency applications, a fast recovery diode is used that comes with a recovery time of a few nanoseconds.

UF5408 Features

• Average Rectified Current (Io) = 3.0A
• Peak Repetitive Reverse Voltage (Vrrm) = 1000V
• Maximum Forward Voltage Drop (Vf) = 1.7V

• Maximum Reverse Current (Ir) = 0.010mA
• Maximum RMS Reverse Voltage (Vr) = 700V
• Reverse Recovery Time (Trr) = 75ns

UF5408 Applications

• Used for the rectification of the signal.
• Widely used in high-frequency applications.
• Can be employed as a charge controlled switch.

That’s all for today. I hope you find this read helpful. You can approach me in the section below if you have any query, I’d love to help you the best way I can. Feel free to keep us updated with your valuable suggestions around the content we share, they help us craft the content customized to your exact needs and requirements. Thank you for reading the article.

AMS1117 LDO Regulator Pinout, Datasheet, Features

Hello Guys! Hope you’re well today. I welcome you on board. Thank you for clicking this read. In this post today, I’ll walk you through the Introduction to AMS1117. The AMS1117 is a common voltage regulator that comes with both fixed and customizable voltages. It is a 3-pin device mainly used to drive load under 1A. The output voltage ranges from 1.5V to 5V. When it works at maximum current, it results in a low dropout voltage of 1.3A. I suggest you read this post all the way through, as I’ll be discussing Pinout, datasheet, features, and applications of this tiny device AMS1117. Let’s jump right in.

Introduction to AMS1117

• The AMS1117 is a common voltage regulator mainly used for high-efficiency linear regulation and post-regulation switching supplies.
• This 3-pin device is also used as a battery charger and comes with an output voltage range from 1.5V to 5V. It returns a low dropout voltage of 1.3A when it operates at maximum current.

• The AMS1117 series of voltage regulators comes with both fixed and adjustable voltages and are constructed to support up to 1A current. The dropout voltage is 1.3V which decreases at low load currents.
• The current limit is applied to the power source circuitry and regulator to compensate the stress when this regulator comes across the overload situations.

• AMS1117 is available in three packages i.e. surface mount SOT-223 package, TO-252 (DPAK) plastic package, and 8L SOIC package.
• Moreover, this device is compatible with three-terminal regulators like SCSI and is widely used in battery-powered instrumentation.
• This regulator is also used in some cases to obtain a negative voltage.

AMS Datasheet

Before installing this device into your project, it’s wise to go through the datasheet of the component that gives an overview of the main characteristics and power ratings of the device.

AMS1117 Pinout

The following image shows the pinout diagram of AMS1117. The AMS1117 comes with three pins as below: 1: Adjust/Ground This pin is used to adjust the output voltage. In the case of a fixed voltage regulator, it acts as a ground. 2: Output Voltage/Vout The regulated output voltage configured by the Adjust pin is achieved from this pin. 3: Input Voltage (Vin) This pin gets the input voltage that is then regulated and produced at the output voltage.

AMS1117 Features

The following are the features of AMS1117.

• Low Drop-Out (LDO) Voltage regulator
• 3- terminal Fixed/Adjustable Linear voltage regulator
• Fixed Voltage type: 1.5V, 1.8V, 2.5V, 2.85V, 3.3V and 5V
• Adjustable Voltage range: 1.25V to 13.8V

• Built-in thermal and current limiting protection.
• Output current = 1000mA
• Operating junction temperature = 125°C
• Maximum Drop-out Voltage = 1.3V
• Available in three packages: SOT-223, SO-8 Package and TO-252

AMS1117 Usage

• Used in Arduino boards to regulate 5V and 3.3V, AMS1117 is similar to other linear voltage regulators like LM317, 7805. It is commonly famous for small form factor and is available in SMD package.
• They all, however, are configured for a maximum current of 1A. It is widely applied in active SCSI terminators and power management for a notebook.
• Depending on the output voltage and package, this linear voltage regulator is categorized into many types.

• If a fixed voltage is applied at the Vin pin of the regulator we’ll get a regulated output voltage at the Vout pin. The Adj/Ground pin is grounded in this case.
• We need to add a capacitor at the regulated output voltage to remove any noise from the regulator. The circuit diagram of the fixed voltage regulator is given below.

• In an adjustable type voltage regulator, two external resistors are included to identify the regulator’s output voltage.
• You can see from the circuit diagram below, two resistors R1 and R2 are added to identify the regulator’s output voltage.

• The capacitors are added to remove any noise from the circuit.

The following is the formula to determine the output voltage that is based on two resistors R1 and R2. To find out the desired output voltage, we can choose the R1 and R2 (must be less than 1k) of our own choice.

Vout = Vref * (1 + R2/R1) + Iadj * R2

For an Adjustable type voltage regulator we need two external resistors to decide the output voltage of the Regulator.

• A reference circuit diagram for adjustable voltage is shown below, where the resistors R1 and R2 decides the output voltage of the regulator.
• The capacitor CAdj is an optional component that can be added to improve ripple rejection if required.  The other two capacitors are to filter the input and output noise respectively.

LMS1117 Applications

• Used in current limiting circuits
• Employed in motor control circuits
• Incorporated in reverse polarity circuits
• Employed in variable power supply
• Used for voltage regulations
• Employed in Desktop PC systems

That’s all for today. I hope you like this article. If you have any questions you can approach me in the section below, I’d love to help you according to the best of my knowledge. Feel free to keep us updated with your valuable suggestions and feedback, they help us produce quality content. Thank you for reading this article.

LM2596 Buck Converter Datasheet, Pinout, Features, Applications

Hi Guys! Welcome you on board. Happy to see you around. In this post today, I’ll detail the Introduction to LM2596.

LM2596 is a step-down voltage regulator, also known as a buck converter, mainly used to step down the voltage or to drive load under 3A. It carries remarkable load and line regulation and is available in fixed output voltages including 3.3V, 5V, and 12V. It also comes with a customized output version where you can set the output voltage as per your requirement.

Just stay with me for a little while, as in this post I’ll walk you through the Introduction to LM2596 covering the datasheet, pinout, features, and main applications of this tiny device. Let’s jump right in.

Introduction to LM2596

• LM2596 is a voltage regulator mainly used to step down the voltage or to drive load under 3A.
• It is also known as a DC-to-DC power converter or buck converter which is used to step down the voltage from its input supply to the output load. The current goes up during this voltage step-down process.
• LM2596 comes with a remarkable load and line regulation. It is available in both versions: fixed output voltage version with 3.3V, 5V, 12V, and customized output version where you can choose the output as per your requirement.

• This regulator is incorporated with a fixed-frequency oscillator and an internal frequency compensation method.

• Frequency compensation is applied by adjusting both phase and gain characteristics of the open-loop output to avoid oscillation and vibration in the circuit.  This is achieved with the help of resistance-capacitance networks.
• A minimum number of external components is required for this regulator that works at a fixed frequency of 150 kHz.
• It is available in surface mount package TO-263 and standard 5-pin package TO-220.

LM2596 Datasheet

Before you use this device for your electrical project, it’s wise to have a look at its datasheet which gives you an overview of the main characteristics of the component.

Click below to download the datasheet of LM2596.

LM2596 Pinout

The following figure shows the pinout diagram of LM2596.

The LM2596 comes with a total of five pins as follows:

Vin = I = This is the input supply pin interlaced with the input bypass capacitor to provide the switching current and reduce voltage transients.

Output = O = This is the internal switch with voltage switches between (Vin – Vsat) and -0.5V. It comes with a duty cycle of Vout/Vin. The PCB copper area attached to this pin is used to minimize the coupling.

Ground = This pin is connected to the ground.

Feedback = I = This pin identifies the regulated output voltage for the feedback loop.

ON/OFF = I = This pin is used to shut down the voltage regulator circuit with the input supply current reducing to 80uA. When the voltage on this pin goes below the threshold voltage of 1.3V, it turns on the buck converter. And when the voltage goes above the 1.3V, it turns off the converter. You can get rid of this shutdown feature by attaching the pin to the ground or leaving it open. In both cases, the regulator remains ON.

LM2596 Features

• Fixed versions i.e. 3.3-V, 5-V, 12-V, and customizable output versions
• Customizable output version with voltage range: 1.2-V to 37-V ±4% maximum over load and line conditions
• Available in two packages including TO-263 and TO-220 packages.
• Can drive load under 3A.
• 40 V is the input voltage range
• 4 external components are needed
• Remarkable load and line regulations
• Internal oscillator with a fixed frequency of 150 kHz
• TTL shutdown capability
• Comes with low power standby mode, commonly 80 µA
• High efficient and readily available
• Protection against thermal shutdown and current

LM2596 Power Ratings

The following table represents the absolute maximum ratings of regulator LM2596.

Absolute Maximum Ratings LM2596
No.	Rating	Value	Unit
1	Maximum Supply Voltage	45	V
2	SD/SS Input Voltage	6	V
3	Delay Pin Voltage	1.5	V
4	Flag Pin Voltage	45	V
5	Feedback Pin Voltage	25	V
6	Output Voltage to Ground	-1	V
7	Storage Temperature	-65 to 150	C

• While working with this component, make sure stresses don’t exceed the absolute maximum ratings, else they can permanently damage the component.
• Plus, if stresses are applied for more than the required time, they can affect device reliability.

LM2596 Applications

• Used to step down voltage
• Can drive load under 3A
• Provide remarkable load and line regulation

That’s all for today. I hope you find this read helpful. If you’re unsure or have any questions, you can leave your query in the section below, I’d love to help you the best way I can. You’re most welcome to share your feedback and suggestions, they help us create quality content. Thank you for reading the article.

1N5820 Schottky Diode Pinout, Specifications and Datasheet

Hi Friends! Happy to see you around. I welcome you on board. In this post today, I’ll discuss the Introduction to 1n5820.

The 1n5820 is a Schottky diode, also known as a hot-carrier diode, capable of extremely fast switching and is well protected against overvoltage. It carries a low forward voltage drop and high forward surge capability. It is capable of high-frequency operation and comes in the DO-201AD package. When less power dissipation is required, MOSFETs can be used in place of Schottky diodes. Just stay with me for a little while as I’ll walk you through the datasheet, pinout, features, and applications of this device 1n5820. Let’s jump right in.

Introduction to 1N5820

• 1n5820 is a Schottky diode composed of semiconductor material and is employed in fast-clamp diode switching applications.
• Schottky diode is also called hot-carrier diode since in an unbiased condition electrons possess low energy on the semiconductor material.

• This low energy leads to the formation of a barrier that blocks the electrons. Due to the formation of this barrier, Schottky diodes are also called hot-carrier diodes.

• Both Schottky diode and normal diode are different in terms of voltage required to power up these diodes.
• The Schottky diode requires only 0.3V out of 2V DC source voltage, leaving 1.7V to power the diode. On the other hand, a normal diode requires only 0.7V, leaving behind 1.3V to power the diode.

1N5820 Datasheet

Before you use this device in your project, it’s always wise to have a look at the datasheet of the device that highlights the main characteristics of the component. Click the link below and download the datasheet of 1n5820.

1N5820 Features

• Highly efficient with small conduction losses.
• Protection against overvoltage.
• Carries low forward drop voltage.

• Capable of extremely fast switching.
• Carries high surge capability.
• Comes in package DO-201AD.

1n5820 Schottky Diode Construction

• The 1n5820 Schottky diode is formed when metal is combined with the semiconductor material that results in the formation of a barrier.
• When the n-type semiconductor is combined with metals like platinum, chromium, tungsten, and molybdenum, they make Schottky diode.
• Both p-type and n-type semiconductor material can be used to construct the Schottky diode, but n-type semiconductors are preferred over p-type semiconductor material because later exhibit low forward drop voltage.
• The Schottky diode comes with two terminals where one is an anode and the other is called a cathode terminal. The anode, made-up of metal, is always the positive side of the diode through which current enters the diode. And the cathode side, made-up of silicon material, is always the negative side through which current leaves the diode.
• The conduction is carried out between these two terminals and current flows from the anode terminal to the cathode terminal.
• The nature of semiconductor material and the metal used plays a key role in defining the forward drop voltage of the diode. Low forward drop voltage means less energy is released as heat that makes these diodes suitable for the applications where high efficiency is required.
• These diodes are widely used in the solar systems that prevent the batteries from discharging in the absence of solar heat.

1N5820 Pinout

The following figure represents the pinout image of 1n5820.

• 1n5820 is composed of two terminals mainly used for the external connection with the circuit.
• These terminals are called the anode side from where the current enters the diode and the cathode side from where the current leaves the diode.

• The anode side is positive, made up of metal and the cathode side is negative, made-up of silicon material. The current flows from the anode terminal to the cathode terminal.

1N5820 Applications

• Employed in high-frequency and low voltage inverters.
• Used in sample-and-hold circuits.
• Can control the electronic charge.
• Used in DC/DC converters and polarity protection applications.
• Incorporated in freewheeling and logic circuits.
• Used for signal detection and radio frequency applications.
• Employed in extremely fast switching applications.
• Used in stand-alone photovoltaic systems.

That’s all for today. I hope you find this article useful. If you’re unsure or have any question, you can approach me in the comment section below, I’ll help you the best way I can. Feel free to keep us updated with your valuable feedback and suggestions, they help us create quality content customized to your exact requirements. Thank you for reading the article.

1N5408 Power Diode Pinout, Datasheet, Features & Equivalents

Hello Friends! Hope you’re well today. I welcome you on board. In this post today, I’ll be discussing the Introduction to 1n5408. The 1n5408 is a component where current flows in one direction only. It comes with two pins named anode and cathode. The Anode side is positive from where the current enters the diode and the cathode is negative from where the current leaves the diode. The colored band side is the indication that the side is the cathode and the other side without the colored band is the anode of the diode. Just stay with me for a little while as I’ll walk you through the 1n5408 power diode pinout, datasheet, features, equivalents, and applications. Let’s get started.

Introduction to 1N5408

• The 1n5408 is a power diode where current flows in one direction only. It flows from the anode terminal to the cathode terminal. It carries low resistance in one direction and very high resistance in another direction.
• It is a semiconductor device where two terminals are attached to the p-n junction.
• The 1n5408 can be considered as an electronic check valve that allows current to flow in one direction only.

• Available in the DO-201 package, this power diode comes with a peak reverse current of 10uA while forward voltage drop is equal to 1A. Plus, 1n5408 can support load under 3A and it can undergo a peak current of 200A.
• There are two terminals on the diode named anode and cathode. The cathode terminal of the diode is identified by the grey colored band.

• It is known as a power diode since it carries high repetitive reverse voltage and high forward current. It is best suitable for the circuits operating under 3A.
• Due to the slow recovery time of this diode, this diode becomes obsolete in the modern circuits and is being replaced by advanced and highly efficient diodes.
• The current-voltage characteristics are non-linear in this case of the diode. Moreover, it initiates current flow in one direction only when a certain threshold voltage is achieved in the forward direction.

1N5408 Datasheet

You can click the link below to get a datasheet where you can observe the main characteristics of the device.

1N5408 Pinout

The following figure shows the pinout diagram of 1n5408. The 1n5408 comes with two terminals known as anode and cathode. The anode terminal is the place where the current enters the device and a cathode terminal is a place where it leaves the diode.

In5408 Features

• Available in DO-201 Package
• High forward surge capability
• Low leakage current.
• Peak Reverse current = 10uA

• Forward Voltage drop = 1V
• Repetitive reverse voltage = 1000V
• Non-repetitive Peak current = 200A
• Average forward current = 3A

1N5408 Physical Dimensions

The following figure shows the physical dimensions of the device 1n5408.

1N5408 Applications

• Used in HV supplies
• Employed as a protection device
• Incorporated in half-wave and full-wave rectifiers
• Used in current flow regulators
• Employed to prevent reverse polarity problem

That’s all for today. Hope you find this read helpful. If you have any questions, you can ask me in the comment section below. I’d love to help you the best way I can. Feel free to send your valuable suggestions and thoughts regarding the content we share, they help us generate quality content customized to your exact needs and requirements. Thank you for reading the article.