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Google Mail's BCC feature is a fantastic way to streamline your communication and make sure the proper individuals receive important notifications. The amount of time spent forwarding individual emails to several people reduces and the process is streamlined.
Follow the guideline below on how to do mass email in gmail easily.
Simply access the Google inbox from a computer and choose the Compose button to launch the message composition box.
Create another message addressing it to the initial receiver by typing their full email handle into the For box.
When sending to a large group of people, divide their mailing addresses via punctuation, spaces, or using the 'Enter' button.
You may fill in more people to this BCC group by using the Bcc icon in the header information.
When you use this option, an additional space labeled BCC may display.
Fill up the box with the e-mail address for every anonymous receiver. It's time to write up the email and send it.
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You can use the following steps on how to use a mail merge effectively.
Ensure that you've downloaded and set up Right Inbox. The premium plan is required for the mail merging features for more than 300 recipients.
Log in to your Google Mail account. At the left end of the Google mailbox a mail merging option will appear; choose it.
Make sure it includes the correct receivers. Users have the option of either uploading a spreadsheet called CSV containing the recipient's email accounts or entering them individually.
Join this by adding your own email address. Turn on the promotion's mail follow-up notifications.
When you want to boost response rates, review the email and customize each individually.
Modify the pace at which emails are sent and whether or not they are being tracked. You may initiate the mail merging after you have validated what you want.
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Hello pupil! We hope you are doing well with object-oriented programming with Python. OOP is an extremely important topic in programming, and the good thing about Python is that the concept of OOP can be implemented in it. In the previous lecture, we made a basic introduction to all the elements that are used in the OOP, and right now, we are moving forward with the detail of each concert with examples. The imperative nature of the OOP is useful for us because it uses the statements to change the programming state, and in this way, the working of the code becomes easy and effective. To use the applications of Python, the imperative nature of OOP will give us the tools we need to get the perfect results by using our creativity. We will prove this in just a bit, but here are the highlights of the topics that will be discussed.
How can you describe the OOP by using an example?
Why are classes important in OOP?
Discuss the example and syntax of code when we use classes in OOP.
What are objects?
Give us an example where multiple objects are made if one class and the information are given by the user.
Discuss the basic features of objects in OOP.
How do you classify the attributes of objects?
What are the behaviours in OOP?
All of these are important to learn so pay attention to each and every concept and if you have any confusion, you can contact us directly.
Before going into the details of the OOP, now is the time to discuss why we are emphasizing the importance of the OOP and how we explain it with Python. The whole concept will be clear with the help of the following example:
Think of a dog that will be taken as an example by a class. Here, we have taken a general example that is common in the real world. Think of all the characteristics of the dog that may be either physical or natural habits of the dog. The general class of dog may have many types, such as the breed of the dog. There are hundreds of breeds of dogs, and these are considered the basic members of the class "dog."
Moreover, different dogs have different kinds of attributes such as their size, colour, skin type, age, and other characteristics that are said to be their instance attributes. On the basis of these attribute, the division of the dogs is done into different classes.
Moreover, the way the dogs bark, their favourite food, and their daily routine make them more specific, and these are referred to as the methods of that particular class.
The class is the basic unit, without which, the programmers may not think about the OOP in any way. This is the prototype with which the whole OOP process is carried out. You can think of a class as the blueprint of the house (let's say). In this way, the information about the floor, walls, rooms, windows, doors, etc. In this way, the whole house is made by following this blueprint(class) whereas, the result, that is the house is the object. Let us prove all this information with the help of this example.
The class is simply made in Python with the keyword “class” and the name that we want for our class:
class myClass:
# class definition
Here,
class=keyword
myClass= the name of the class given by the programmer.
In this way, with the help of simple lines, the creation process of the class is carried out. Now, the definition of the class is in the new line. To make a clear difference, a colon is used after the name of the class. You must keep in mind, the class name is a single word, no matter what the length of the name, and there must be no space between the name of the class.
In the example of the class given above, where we were talking about dogs. We are using the same example and will show you the result by using them in the example. To start with a simple example, the class with only three attributes.
#declaring the class
class myDog:
#defining attributes
def __init__(self, name, age):
#using the attributes and storing them in the new names
self.name = name
self.age = age
#usign the stored name to print the results
tinku = myDog("Tinku", 2)
print("The name of the dog= ",tinku.name)
print("The age of the dog= ",tinku.age)
Let's see what happens during this code:
First of all, we created a class with the class keyword, and this time, we named it “myDog” so you are providing the information about your dog( if you do not have it, just imagine it) and we are writing the particular features of that dog. So, the class is myDog, and all the other features are its attributes.
In the next step, we are defining the characteristics with which we want to describe our dog. Here, name and age are the attributes. That is taken as one of the two arguments we are defining to use later.
The "self" keyword will tell us that name and age are the special attributes that we want to use here.
In the end, a new unit is formed, where this time, we are using the values of attributes instead of the names. The first step was only to give the base of what we wanted, and this time, we will assign values to these attributes.
You can see, the name is in the form of a string, therefore we have used a double quotation. In this way, we do not have to specify the data type but just represent it in a specific way.
In the end, it's time to print the result and to make the message clearer, we used the written message and then declared the value we wanted.
We can add more and more attributes to make the class clearer and store data about the dog, such as its colour, fur type, etc. This is a simple example to show you how the class works.
The workings of the class are not just limited to one product. This is the good thing about the OOP is, it provides us with the versatility to work in a different way with the same code. In the example given above, if more than one breed of dog is to be stored, then we will make the objects of the class "dog."
To understand the objects in interesting ways, we are moving towards real-time applications where different objects are made and then used in a specific way. Let us take an example where we have different types of dogs with different ages, and the combination of the ages of the first two dogs is the age of the third dog. So here is the question that can be asked of you in the examination.
Write the code to get the age of a dog that is the combination of two dogs and get the input from the user for it.
#declaring the class
class myDog:
#defining attributes
def __init__(self, name, age):
#using the attributes and storing them in the new names
self.name = name
self.age = age
#using attributes in string message
def dogInfo(self):
print(self.name + " is " + str(self.age) + " year(s) old.")
#printing queries and getting input from user
print("What is the age of happy")
AgeOfHappy=input()
print("What is the age of sunny")
AgeOfSunny=input()
AgeOfFancy=int(AgeOfHappy)+int(AgeOfSunny)
#using the inputs to guess the age of fancy
print("Age of fancy= ",AgeOfFancy)
#printing results
happy = myDog("Happy", AgeOfHappy)
sunny = myDog("Sunny", AgeOfSunny)
fancy = myDog("Fancy", AgeOfFancy)
happy.dogInfo()
sunny.dogInfo()
fancy.dogInfo()
This program has many interesting features, and these will become clear with the help of this discussion.
At the beginning of the program, the class “myDog” is created so that we may give the same attributes to different objects.
To declare the attributes we are using here the “def” keywords to define the keyword then the
Attributes are mentioned so that we may use them later.
The next step is to define the message, in which we will use the attributes and get the result in the form of a message. Here, the point to notice is, we are using the string keyword for the "age,” but how can age be a string? Actually, we are using it in the string message, and if we declare the “int” here, the compiler, when it reaches this point at the output, will throw the error and not print the whole string.
After that, the whole mechanism is used in which we are printing the message to input the age of the first two dogs and get the output in the form of integers.
Here, if the user inputs a data type other than an integer, it will also result in an error.
Both these ages are then added, and the result is saved in the “AgeOfFancy” variable.
The object we have just used to print the results.
So with the help of this discussion, we come to know that the object consists of the following features:
Each object has its own set of attributes, which are variables that store information about the object's current state. We can say that objects are made of attributes. Yet, there are different types of attributes in OOP, and the following are some of the most important characteristics of attributes:
Instance variables: These are defined within the class but are unique to every instance of the class.
Class variables: These are also defined within the class but are shared with all the instances.
Methods: These are used to manipulate the object’s state and are defined within the class to operate the attributes.
Special methods: These are also referred to as the magic methods and these tell the compiler how objects will behave under certain conditions. These are denoted by the double score in the name as we have just used in the previous code of dogs.
Inherited attributes: These are used to reuse the modularity in the code as these are inherited by a subclass or a superclass. So it makes working easy.
When an object is created in OOP, it has its own set of behaviours, which are defined by the methods in its class. These methods can be used to change the state of an object. Another function of the behaviour is to carry out other operations related to the object's behaviour. For example, if we declare the object of a car, we might have methods such as:
start engine()
accelerate()
brake()
turn()
These methods define the behavior of the car object and enable it to perform the actions that are expected of a car. These are just simple examples, and we can add more and more behaviors, just as a car can do hundreds of tasks.
Hence, in this lecture, we read a lot about objects and classes. There are different entities that are used in OOP, and objects and classes are the basics. We must know that objects and classes are used simultaneously, and for a better understanding, we learned the classes first and then examined where and how objects are being used. Moreover, different types of objects and fundamental knowledge about their pillars are discussed here. We have a lot of information to share with you, and you must have noticed that Python is now more complex but useful when we use the concepts of OOP. We have some mini Python projects to share with you in this tutorial, so stay with us for more programs.
Hey peeps! Are you excited to begin with the new chapter in Python? Till now, we have been learning the data types and their related concepts. Now, we are starting a new chapter where you will learn the details of Object Oriented Programming or OOP. We are moving towards the advanced level of programming in Python, and here, you will go through the complex but interesting concepts that will show us the fascinating results on the screen. This will be more clear when you will know the basic information about the OOP, but before going deep, we will go through the headlines of the lecture:
How do you classify the programming languages?
How do you introduce the OOP?
Why object-oriented programming is important in Python?
How do you define class and objects in OOP and how are they connected?
What are polymorphism and encapsulation?
How do you use the inheritance in OOP?
How do you understand data abstraction in OOP?
What does method overloading mean?
Keep in mind, it is not a specific concept with Python but any higher-level programming language that supports the OOP has the same concepts and we are using a very general way to describe all the concepts.
Before going into the detail of this topic, it is helpful to understand why we are emphasizing on the OOP and its importance. Actually, there are different types of programming languages and being a programmer, you must know the basic categories. Some of the important types of programming languages are:
Procedural Programming Language
Functional Programming Language
Object-oriented Programming Language
Scripting Programming Language
Logic Programming Language
Out of which, we are interested in the OOP. The reason why the type of programming language is important, it describes the paradigm of the language, and therefore, we can understand the nature and the importance of that particular language in the profession you are using it for. Here, we should know what exactly the “paradigm” means:
“A programming paradigm is the concept to which a programming language's methodology adheres."
Paradigms are significant because they define a programming language and its operation. The classification of the programming languages is done by keeping its paradigm in mind and in this way, the programmer may choose the type of programming language that exactly suits the application for which the coding is required.
You can see that OOP comes in the imperative paradigm. In imperative programming, the user typically interacts directly with the computer's state, deciding how things should be calculated. In this way, more control is in the programmer’s hands, which is the basic source of attraction towards this programming language. In the practice of programming, I am sure you have touched other types of languages as well at any point. So, it becomes easy to compare and practice the code.
In real-time education, different types of subjects are taught to us by teachers. We are moving from basic to advanced programming in this course; therefore, we have covered the concept of data types before. This time, the OOP is our source of attraction, and we are going to learn it deeply because the programmers, most of the time, deal with the OOP when they are using the practical applications of the programming. Let us look at the introduction to the OOP:
“OOP (Object-Oriented programming) is a programming paradigm that organizes and structures code using objects and classes.”
For now, do not bother about the special terms used in this definition. We will learn a lot about them in these lectures with the help of different terminologies. Hence, if anything is causing confusion, do not worry because everything will be clear in just a bit.
The concept of OOP is so vast and important that it is widely used to write powerful applications. The data engineers have to write these applications to access and use the data stored in different entities.
The feature that makes the OOP unique is, it uses concepts that not only make the programming easy but efficient. It is based on the imperative programming paradigm, which employs statements to alter the state of a program. It is concerned with describing how a program should work. One must keep in mind that the main objective of the OOP is to bind the data and the functions of the program in such a way that all of these may work as a single unit but the security of the data remains intact. There are some important terms that you will see often in these lectures, so have a look at all of them.
Class
Objects
Polymorphism
Encapsulation
Inheritance
Data Abstraction
Keep in mind that you have to grasp the concept of each of these terms clearly so that, when you read them with other types of definitions, you may not be confused. You will learn all of these in detail in the coming lectures, but the basic introduction to all of them is given next:
Before going into the introduction of the OOP, one must know that an object is an instance of a class. Object and class are interconnected terms, and a class is defined as:
“In OOP, a class is a basic unit that represents the collection of objects, and it can be thought of as the blueprint or the prototype by following which, the objects are made.”
The attributes of a particular thing, connected with each other, can be represented with the help of the class, where the number of the attributes starts at one and can be two, ten, or any other positive number. In this way, a simple and basic class can be used to store all types of physical or logical information about a particular product.
In object-oriented programming, objects are the basic units of data. An object is associated with the class and is the entity with which the state and behaviour of the class are associated. If it is confusing at this point, do not worry because we are going to discuss the object in detail and will work again and again with the objects.
The good thing about the objects in OOP is that, just like the real-time concept of objects, the programming objects may be anything, whether it is physical, such as a car, an animal, a plant, a cooking item, any food, or any other thing, or abstract, such as any software, a bank account, a soft blueprint, or any document. The positive thing about the object is, it allows us to reuse the same code anywhere in any block of the same code where the same attribute of the object is to be used.
The fundamental concept of the OOP is polymorphism, and it has the same features as the family in real life. To keep things simple, we assume that all the objects belong to the same class, and the polymorphism allows us to use the objects together as they are from the same family. In this way, the same objects can be used interchangeably in the same context. In this way, the workload of the programmer is minimized as much as possible through polymorphism. In simple words, the concept of polymorphism is the same as it is in chemistry, where the same element can be used in different ways when certain conditions are met.
Another feature that makes the polymorphism attractive is the availability of the alteration in the classes, both in terms of their size and the data stored in them. All this information will be cleared up in the coming lectures, but for now, we only understand the basics of polymorphism. In other words, we all know that poly means "many,” and if we talk about OOP, it includes the concept of a class's ability to get the features of already existing classes in this way. For example, you can assign the attributes of a particular product, such as a car, to another car with the same basic features but with different attributes. This is just a basic example of polymorphism, and many people mix this concept with inheritance, but these are different, and you will learn a lot about them in the next lectures.
The next concept that we are going to discuss is encapsulation, and to make your concept clear, let us take the example of the capsules that we get from the pharmacy for different health issues. These capsules protect the inner medicine, and the same concept can be applied to this type of encapsulation to reinforce the concept. Basically, the data is protected with the help of different concepts used in the encapsulation.
The programmers are very sensitive about their codes and the data stored with the help of these codes. Encapsulation is used to give the code privacy and protect it from unwanted users. The private attributes of the code that are enclosed in the capsule are only accessible by the programmer itself. In other words, we cannot use the private attribute in other blocks of code until the programmer himself allows it.
Another important feature of the OOP is inheritance, and this is the point where we can say that the OOP is making Python more effective and easier to use. It is one of the most significant points of the OOP, and with the help of easy and effective Python, programmers can inherit the characteristics and attributes of any class and assign them directly to others. For this, you have to learn about the child and parent classes, but for now, we are leaving this topic here and moving on to the next point that will show us the importance of the OOP, especially when we use it in Python.
If you are interested in becoming a professional programmer, then some points should always be kept in mind, and the most important one is to always go with clean code that precisely describes the code and gives the exact coding without any errors. For this, some concepts will help you a lot, and one of them is the concept of data abstraction. With the help of this concept, the programmer is able to code cleaner because "data abstraction" means writing cleaner code and hiding unnecessary details from the users. It is yet another method for the programmer to maintain privacy from the end user. THE SENSITIVE CODES ARE HIDDEN FROM THE OTHER USERS USING DIFFERENT TECHNIQUES. The whole process of data abstraction revolved around making and implementing the abstraction classes and then calling them in different ways according to the requirements of the code.
Here is a small topic to be discussed that is not a particular part of OOP in Python, but almost every programming language that works with OOP has it. This is also true for other characteristics that we have discussed so far.
In method overloading, many methods with the same name are declared and then called at once. In this way, a single class can take multiple arguments. Other concepts, such as method overriding, are also connected with the same concept, and we will discuss them with some suitable examples.
Consequently, we have almost all the basics of the OOP. We have read a lot about them and tried to make them more general so that the programmers working on them other than Python may also get the useful concepts from this lecture. Actually, the OOP is not just confined to Python, but we have to connect it with Python, and this will be more fully discussed in the next lectures, where all these concepts will not only be discussed but the practical implementation of codes will help us to have a grip on Python. This is an extremely useful topic and therefore, we will move a little bit slowly on these lectures and will understand each and every point in detail.
Hey peeps! Welcome to the new tutorial for the Python programming language, where we are at the point where we are going to learn about the loops. Loops are fundamental concepts in programming, and if we talk about Python, there is a smaller variety of loops in it, but the most important ones are available to practice in Python. In the last session, there was a long discussion about the while loop in detail. We had seen some examples and the details of the statements that can be used within the while loop. In the present lecture, we are going to discuss the second type of loop in Python, that is, the for loop. You will go through the training of every important and basic step about this loop, but first of all, you have to look at the basic list:
Why do we prefer for loop over some other concepts in Python programming language?
What are some basic concepts that every programmer must know about the for loop in Python?
Describe the flow chart of the for loop.
What are some examples that explain the for loop in Python?
How do we use different sequences in the for loop?
What is the range function explain it in detail by using the for loop in Python?
There are other ways to get the same output as we will get in this lecture but using the for loop is one of the easiest and most fundamental ways to get the best results. Have a look at the detail of each question.
The for loop is the basic looping process in Python that is extremely useful in making the basic to higher level codes in simpler way. We all had the introduction of the For loop in the previous lesson, and now, have a look at the following positive points about this loop:
The for loop makes the code very simple and the programmers do not have to pay much attention to make the logic. You can get the idea of its simplicity that the user can initiate the loop in just a single line if all the logic is clear in it. After that, the body of the loop starts. Just like other loops, the For loop gives us the independence to adjust the flow of the code so that we do not have to write the same block of the code again and again.
Different data types can be used in the for loop and the best thing about it is, it becomes super easy to use the For loop to manage the sequences. It would not be wrong to say that For loop makes the working of the sequence best therefore, for loop is perfect for the sequences such as lists, tuples, and arrays. Moreover, the traversing of the sequences is easy with the For loop.
The for loop is not a new concept but in the old higher-level programming languages such as C and C++, for loop is used therefore if a programmer is moving from such basic programming languages to Python, the concept will be cleared before they start it. In other words, the for loop is a generic type of loop that once understood, can be useful as well when they switch to the new programming language.
We know the introduction of the for loop but this time, we are going to discuss the detail of every process that will be useful in the practical coding using the for loop. Keep in mind, loops are the statements and not the whole code. This helps to manage the code in a better way and to reuse the same block by merely inserting it in the body of the loop.
We are discussing the generalized form of the For loop and therefore, all the concepts are very general that we have discussed till now. Yet, the only difference in the coding is the syntax of the loops and therefore, we are discussing it at first to get an idea of what actually is going on.
for iterator in sequence:
statement(s)
It seems very simple here but the statement is not that much simple. The programmers, then using the for loop add multiple statements in different ways to get the required output. More things will be cleared when you will see the flow chart.
The best way to get the concept of the for loop is to check for the flow chart of this loop. Have a look at the picture given next and then we will move towards its discussion.
Here, you can compare the syntax and flow chart and get an idea of what happens when data is input in the for loop. At the start, when the condition is applied on the for loop, the compiler checks for the condition if it is true or not and as you can guess, if the condition is true, the compiler will check for the body code
Different data types can be used with the for loop and we will move from basic to complex ones. We all know about the string; therefore, here is the first example with the string message.
#initializing the message
message= print("Enter the string")
#taking input from the user
str=input(message)
#using for loop to print the message from the user
for i in str:
print(i)
Here, when we run the program, we get the dialogue box it says the “none” word with the dialogue box. This will look strange but it makes sense. With some functions in Python, the return value is mentioned in the output. Since this function will not return any result but will only give us the same string that we are going to input in it, therefore, there is the word “none” mentioned in the dialogue box. We can solve it in different ways but the point I want to make here is to clarify the reason behind this indication.
When the string message is typed by the user, the same message with the same format is shown on the screen but this time, as we are using the for loop, each character is picked by the compiler one after the other and therefore, the result will be obtained in the vertical form with each character at the new line.
Here, you can see the “none” is added by default without a string message and once it is printed, the for loop picked each character and printed it in a separate line. Even the spaces between the words are counted, and we get a clean and understandable output.
Have you tried the code given above? If yes then there must be a question in your mind that what happens if we input any other data type instead of string? Actually, this is not a precise code yet, if we add the restriction to add only the string as we have done in the previous lecture, the compiler will not accept any other data type other than string. Yet, to keep things simple, I am not changing the code as the main focus is on the for loop till now.
Here comes the practice that is specialized in the for loop. Since the beginning, you have been noticing that we are emphasising the sequences. We all have practised them and in some examples, the for loop was used before but since this is a pure practice of the for loop, I have made a program that contains all important sequences in a single program.
#initializing the List to use with the For loop
print("\b Names of the fruits")
fruits= ["strawberry", "cherry", "blueberry", "apricot", "tomato"]
for i in fruits:
print(i)
#initializing the tuple to use with the For loop
print("\b Price list of mentioned fruits")
priceOfFruits= (34.8, 11.7, 126.9,11.6,11.5,22.0,1)
for i in priceOfFruits:
print(i)
#initializing the array to use with the For loop
print("\b Random things and numbers")
items= {"lipstick",3,"papers", 3, "pen", 1, "bread", 3.4 }
for i in items:
print(i)
Hence, the program is clear as we have practised it before. The type of bracket represents each sequence and it has its own characteristics. For loop access each and every element of the sequence and print it on the screen. The arrangement of the items in the array is random and we can not suggest the sequence of the elements because it randomly picks the elements and print them. Hence, every time we run the code, the value stored in the variable i is different and the one, printed on the screen, is never repeated at that particular run time.
The next topic here is the range function that has interesting applications in the fields like gaming. It is because it can be used in different ways as it has the independence of the number of parameters. The syntax of the range function is the same with the for loop as it is with other statements.
x=range(start, stop, step)
Where,
x=name of the variable in which the value of the range is being stored.
start=starting point of the series
stop=ending point of the series
step=The interval between the range member.
Keep in mind, you can use one, two, or three parameters at the same time according to your easiness. Instead of using separate examples for each case, we have designed a program that describes the all. Have a look at the code and then we will discuss it more.
#using the range function to print the table
num = int(input("Enter the integer for which the table is required? "))
for i in range(1,21):
print(num,'x',i,'=',num*i)
#range function with one parameter
print("\b using the range function with only ending point")
for i in range(7):
print(i)
#range function with two parameters
print("\b using the range function with starting and ending points")
for i in range(2,9):
print(i)
#range function with three parameters
print("\b using the range function with start,end, and step points")
for i in range(1,10,3):
print(i)
For your convenience, we will go through the basic to the complex concepts.
The three parameters are useful to get a uniform series of numbers.
Only integers can be used with the range function.
If the start point is not mentioned, it always starts from zero.
The stop parameter is the compulsory one to use in the range function.
To make the restriction of only integers, the “int” keyword is used with the input function in a specific syntax.
You can get the table of any number with the range of any integer easily using the range function.
For loop is the best way to get the required output from the range function.
Consequently, we can say that we are not beginners and instead of learning the long theories about the basic concept, the focus of our lecture was towards the practical examples of the for loop therefore we started this lecture with the introduction and then moved towards the basics, syntax, examples, and the codes using different data types. As the specialized data type of the for loop is sequence, therefore, we had the practice of the for loop with the sequences. Using the range function with for loop gave us the interesting outputs and with the help of these examples, we learned the for loop in a better way. The upcoming lectures are interesting tooo so keep practicing and stay with us.
Cryptocurrency trading is a popular way to get started with cryptocurrency. It's also a great way to multiply your funds if you're an experienced trader. In this post, we'll give you the basics of how cryptocurrency exchanges work and help you choose an exchange.
Cryptocurrency trading is the process of buying and selling cryptocurrency on an exchange. Cryptocurrencies are digital assets that can be exchanged for other cryptocurrencies, for example, you can exchange eth for sol
, or for fiat currency (US dollars).
You can use a cryptocurrency exchange to trade your coins, or you can buy them directly from another person. Some exchanges offer both options: they allow users who want to trade coins with one another and also serve as platforms where people buy and sell their coins with each other through the site's interface. Exchanges work like stock markets but instead of stocks being traded, it's digital currencies such as Bitcoin that get exchanged back and forth between traders using their funds from bank accounts or credit cards on file with these sites' payment processors like PayPal or Stripe.
A cryptocurrency exchange is a type of online platform where you can buy, sell, and trade cryptocurrencies. These exchanges act as intermediaries between buyers and sellers, allowing them to trade with each other at an agreed-upon price. The most popular ones are those that support fiat currencies like USD or EUR (the euro), but some also allow you to trade using other cryptocurrencies like bitcoin.
Cryptocurrency exchanges work similarly to stock exchanges: You place your order with one person who's willing to sell their coins at the price you're asking for, then someone else comes along with enough money in hand for them both, and voila! You've just made yourself some money by selling your coins on the market. Just like stock markets have different rules depending on where they're located (for example Japanese stocks tend not to be traded outside Japan), so too do cryptocurrency markets differ from country to country based on local regulations regarding trading platforms such as these here in Europe versus those located elsewhere around the world such as China's YuBigChina Exchange which recently launched its coin called YBC Coin which aims specifically towards Chinese citizens looking into investing but don't necessarily know how yet because there aren't many educational resources available locally yet either.
If you're new to cryptocurrency trading, it can be difficult to know where to begin. The first thing that you need to do is choose an exchange. There are many different exchanges out there and they all offer different features, so you must choose one that meets your needs.
Some things to look for when choosing a cryptocurrency exchange:
Reputation - before signing up with an exchange, look at its reputation, read reviews from other users who have traded on that platform, and you can also check if it is legal.
Security features - some exchanges require users' personal information before allowing them to access their accounts. And some exchanges don't require any personal information at all!
Available cryptocurrencies - Look carefully, because some services may only allow certain cryptocurrencies, while others may offer more options.
But the more options a company offers, the higher the transaction fees can be.
As with any investment, it's important to do your research and choose an exchange that is well-known and trusted. You should also be aware of the risks that may arise when trading cryptocurrencies. One of the most common mistakes people make when first getting started is investing more than they can afford to lose, so make sure you have a budget set aside for this activity before committing any funds.
We hope that this guide has helped you understand the basics of cryptocurrency trading on exchanges. If you want to learn more about trading, we recommend checking out our other articles on this topic!
Data science is a rapidly growing field that is revolutionizing the way businesses and organizations operate. With the explosion of data in recent years, there is a high demand for professionals who can analyze, interpret, and make decisions based on large amounts of complex data. Pursuing a degree in data science can provide you with a variety of benefits, including high-demand job opportunities, diverse skill sets, strong problem-solving skills, interdisciplinary learning, and the ability to innovate. Some of the key benefits are explained below.
Obtaining a degree in data science is a smart career move, especially considering the high demand for qualified professionals in this rapidly growing industry. One of the most significant benefits of obtaining a degree in data science, whether online or on campus, is the increasing demand for professionals in this field. As businesses continue to generate and store vast amounts of data, there is a growing need for individuals who can analyze and interpret this data to inform decision-making.
The field of data science encompasses roles such as data scientists, data analysts, machine learning engineers, and more. All of these careers are in high demand in industries such as finance, healthcare, marketing, and more. Pursuing a bachelor of data science online can provide additional benefits, such as flexibility and convenience. Online programs allow students to access course materials and complete assignments at their own pace, making it easier to balance their studies with work, family obligations, and other commitments. Additionally, online programs can be more cost-effective than traditional on-campus programs, as they typically eliminate the need for transportation costs, room and board, and other expenses associated with attending an on-campus program.
Another significant benefit of obtaining a degree in data science is the diverse skillset that you will acquire throughout the program. Working with large amounts of data requires a wide range of skills, including programming, statistical analysis, data mining, machine learning, and more. Pursuing a degree in Data Science will allow you to develop proficiency in these essential areas, and you will learn how to use various tools and techniques to analyze data and extract insights.
Programming skills are fundamental to data science as they enable you to manipulate, clean, and transform data efficiently. You will also get to know how to code in languages such as Python, R, and SQL and how to use various libraries and frameworks to analyze and visualize data.
Statistical analysis is another critical area in data science that you will learn. You will gain expertise in probability theory, hypothesis testing, regression analysis, and more. These skills are necessary to interpret and draw insights from complex data sets.
A data science degree is a program that offers students an interdisciplinary learning experience. This field of study involves the use of data to derive insights and make informed decisions. To be successful in this field, individuals need to know various disciplines, including mathematics, computer science, and business.
As you pursue a Data Science degree, you will gain a comprehensive understanding of these fields, which will enable you to work effectively with professionals from diverse backgrounds. You will also learn to apply critical thinking skills to solve complex problems that require a multidisciplinary approach.
The interdisciplinary approach to learning in data science can also help you identify new opportunities for innovation and collaboration. By combining knowledge and skills from different fields, you can create new solutions that address challenges more effectively and efficiently.
A data science degree is a program that equips students with the ability to innovate. Data science is a dynamic and rapidly evolving field where new tools and techniques are constantly emerging. By pursuing a Data Science degree, you will develop the necessary knowledge and skills to stay current with the latest developments in the field.
This knowledge will enable you to innovate and bring new ideas to the table. In today's fast-paced business environment, the ability to innovate is critical. With a Data Science degree, you can leverage the latest technologies and techniques to solve complex problems and identify new opportunities.
Moreover, the skills you acquire during your degree will enable you to develop new solutions that improve business processes and decision-making. You will be able to analyze large volumes of data and extract valuable insights that can inform business strategies.
Innovative thinking is a crucial skill that is highly valued in the field of data science. Pursuing a degree in data science provides you with a deep understanding of various data-related concepts, techniques, and tools. This knowledge, coupled with your creativity and problem-solving abilities, enables you to develop innovative solutions to complex problems.
In data science, innovative thinking involves identifying patterns, trends, and insights others may not have noticed. You can use this information to develop new approaches to solving problems, improve existing processes, and create new products or services.
By combining data analysis with innovative thinking, you can discover new opportunities that may have been previously overlooked. For instance, you may identify potential new markets, discover patterns in customer behavior, or find new ways to improve efficiency in operations.
Innovation is vital in today's rapidly changing business landscape, and a Data Science degree equips you with the skills and knowledge necessary to stay ahead of the curve. It allows you to think outside the box, generate fresh ideas, and develop solutions that can set you apart in the job market. Ultimately, pursuing a degree in data science can help you cultivate the innovative thinking skills necessary to succeed in this dynamic field.
In conclusion, obtaining a degree in data science offers several benefits. The field of data science is in high demand, with organizations seeking professionals who can extract insights from large and complex datasets. Data science also requires a diverse skillset, including programming, statistics, machine learning, and data visualization. This makes it an interdisciplinary field where individuals with backgrounds in various fields can contribute to solving complex problems.
Data science also requires a strong problem-solving ability, which is highly valued in many industries. Individuals trained in data science can develop a unique perspective on problem-solving focused on leveraging data to drive informed decisions.
The choice of operating system for a virtual private server depends on the needs of a particular company. But if you are looking for a reliable, efficient, and flexible solution to host your web projects, in most cases it will be Windows VPS. In this article, we'll analyze why many people prefer Microsoft solutions, and what benefits and limitations you can expect if you decide to buy a Windows VPS .
Windows VPS is a virtual private server that uses Windows Server as the underlying operating system. Windows VPS functions effectively as a cloud server with elastic scalability. This means that you get a dedicated server resource that you can use as you see fit, and you can easily add resources as needed.
Typically, a private server under Windows is used in many segments, it can be hosting websites and applications, databases, mail servers, and game servers. The main advantage is that the system allows you to run programs and scripts that require a Windows-compatible environment. For example, you can use Windows VPS for hosting ASP.NET, .NET Core, SQL Server, and other Microsoft technologies.
The main reason Windows VPS is preferred is that the system is developed by the largest player on the market. Microsoft is a multi-billion dollar company that invests huge budgets in its products. Other vendors do not have the same amount of resources, it is difficult for them to compete at this level. Consider the other advantages of using a Windows VPS.
Windows VPS requires no additional configuration or software installation. You can start working with it immediately after purchase and get full control over the server. You can choose the desired version of Windows Server (from 2008 to 2022), that best suits your needs and requirements.
But most importantly, the user gets access to a remote desktop with an intuitive graphical interface. There is no need to program anything from the command line, as is required in UNIX-based systems.
The system easily integrates with other Microsoft services such as Office 365, Azure, and SharePoint. You can install additional Windows software such as IIS, Active Directory, and Exchange Server.
You get a single, seamless software interface where you can use cloud services from Microsoft for data storage, analytics, machine learning, and other purposes. It is possible to synchronize the server with other Windows devices and applications, such as Outlook, OneDrive, and Skype.
Microsoft understands what customers want and for 20 years Windows Server developers have eradicated almost all the technical problems associated with the product.
With VPS on Windows Server, you don't have to wait long for vulnerabilities to be fixed. The company promptly and regularly releases security updates and patches, which are installed automatically. With open-source systems, you achieve the same result only if the product has an extensive community.
Windows VPS is ideal for developing and hosting web applications based on ASP and ASP.Net Core – popular technologies from Microsoft. You can use different programming languages like C#, VB.Net, and Python and connect different databases: SQL Server, MySQL, Oracle, and others.
Windows Server is a great software for hosting and other tasks, but not perfect. The system has some limitations which may be critical for a certain group of users.
The first is the high cost. One of the main disadvantages is that Windows VPS is usually more expensive than Linux VPS or shared hosting. This is because VPS requires an additional license for Windows Server, and it is included in the cost of renting a server. Add to this the fact that most tools and software are paid Microsoft products, and using a Windows VPS will put a noticeable strain on your budget.
But note that the high cost is a relative indicator. You can almost always find free alternatives to Microsoft programs. And due to the stable operation of the server and quality support in the long run, you can save thousands of dollars. Windows servers are much less likely to crash and are easier to resume operation than other operating systems.
Another disadvantage of using a Windows VPS is problems with performance and compatibility. You may encounter conflicts between different versions of Windows Server or between the OS from Microsoft and other operating systems. For example, it is possible to have problems when running Windows Server 2022 on old hardware, or when trying to connect to a Windows VPS from a Linux computer.
But if you rent a VPS server, such cases will be rare. Most likely, the hosting company has already taken care of installing modern performance equipment and configuring compatibility settings.
Some programs or scripts may run better on a Linux VPS than on a Windows VPS since they were originally designed for a Linux-compatible environment. For example, you may have problems running PHP or MySQL on a Windows VPS, since these technologies are optimized to run on Linux. Windows VPS is not suitable for developing and running web applications in Ruby on Rails or Node.js, as these technologies work better on Linux VPS.
Among many users, there is an opinion that Linux VPS is preferable in terms of security, and there is a logic in that. The dominance of Windows on the desktop market has made Microsoft systems a prime target for hackers. But Windows has a lot of tools to protect your server from hackers.
You can protect your data from unauthorized access or loss through a variety of security measures, such as
Firewalls. Allow you to control incoming and outgoing network traffic and block unwanted or dangerous connections. You can use both the built-in Windows Firewall and third-party tools, such as Bitdefender or Norton, to protect your Windows VPS from hackers, viruses, or other attacks.
Intrusion detection and prevention systems (IDS/IPS). These are programs or devices that analyze network traffic and detect and prevent hacking attempts or other anomalous activities. You can use IDS/IPS at the operating system level or at the application level.
Data encryption and SSL certificates. You can use BitLocker or VeraCrypt to encrypt disk space or Let's Encrypt and Comodo to obtain SSL certificates.
Of course, Windows VPS allows you to create real-time backups and regularly scheduled backups.
Windows VPS can be a suitable solution for your projects if you want:
run programs or scripts that require a Windows-compatible environment;
have full control over your server and configure it as you wish;
get high performance and reliability of the server.
Windows VPS provides flexibility and scalability, data security, and ease of management for web projects. However, Windows VPS has some limitations. Therefore, you must carefully choose Windows VPS for your projects, first of all, based on usage scenarios. You should also consider other parameters such as server resources, Windows Server version, and purchase or lease costs.
Java developers are the backbone of many successful businesses. They bring a wealth of experience and knowledge to the table, making them an invaluable asset for any company looking to stay competitive in today’s market. With Java being one of the most widely used programming languages, hiring a Java developer is often seen as the best investment for any business looking to develop their own software applications or products. From its wide industry usage to its mature ecosystem and strong community, there's no doubt that Java developers are some of the most sought-after professionals in tech today. In this article, we'll discuss why investing in a skilled Java developer may be your best bet when it comes to taking your business forward. Java competitors are C#(C Sharp), Python, PHP etc.
Investing in a Java developer can be one of the most profitable decisions you make for your business. Not only are they highly sought after, but the projects that Java developers create have the potential to last years into the future. With advanced backend development, custom applications, and web services all being confidently handled by this platform, there is no doubt that companies who invest in talented Java developers will benefit from their skills as they continue to build valuable systems that drive business success. From secure cloud computing to mobile applications and web development, having a qualified and experienced Java developer at your disposal can improve audience engagement, expedite process automation and enable data storage stability for any company.
With the widespread use of Java, many important systems are built on the Java platform, from high-end enterprise applications to scalable web applications. In addition to creating effective and optimized programs for your business, well-trained Java developers will also serve as consultants for any technical modifications you wish to apply. They can offer suggestions and counsel on potential security hazards, alternative platforms on the market, and their particular insights into your company's goods or market.
Also, because the majority of their talents are transferable to many technologies, they can easily keep up with the constantly shifting demands of the market. Java engineers are absolutely worth hiring for your company in the long run.
Hiring Java developers is an excellent investment for any business. Developed back in 1995 by Sun Microsystems and later purchased by Oracle, Java's longevity has bred a strong community and ecosystem of experts, libraries, and tutorials available for businesses to take advantage of.
Furthermore, it is a cross-platform language that runs everywhere including the most popular operating systems; this opens up the hiring pool of potential developers. Considering that several major corporations, including Uber and Airbnb, have already adopted Java as their primary development language, hiring a skilled Java developer would be a tremendous help to any company trying to take use of available resources.
In conclusion, Java developers offer a broad range of abilities and knowledge required to create solutions that succeed. Hiring a skilled Java developer is frequently considered to be the best investment for your organization due to its high demand in the market and its developed ecosystem. Having a skilled Java developer on staff can help you grow your company because so many firms already rely on Java technology for their apps, web services, and data storage solutions.
Java has established itself as one of the most dependable and robust programming languages for creating software and web applications throughout the years. As a result, it has become increasingly popular among developers, leading many successful companies to make the wise decision of hiring experienced Java developers to work on projects that require advanced knowledge of the language. With improved performance, scalability, and security, writing code in Java is an investment worth making as it ensures optimal output quality with minimal effort.
Furthermore, qualified Java developer demand remains consistently high in the job market, which can benefit your organization by making sure you attract only the best talent. All of these reasons encourage businesses to invest in a group of skilled Java programmers who can create cutting-edge software solutions and advance their company's goals.
You may be confident that employing Java developers is the best decision when considering the long-term success of your business. Java development is a flexible sector with several advantages that your company may take advantage of. Java developers are the perfect fit for any organization since they possess a broad variety of technical skills and the ability to quickly resolve difficult issues. From fixing bugs efficiently to ensuring security and stability throughout the production process, Java developers consistently deliver quality results which in turn adds value to your organization. With their extensive expertise in design patterns, object-oriented programming, and core Java language capabilities, Java programmers are capable of building optimized applications and robust software solutions tailored to your exact needs. All of this makes investing in skilled Java developers perhaps the best decision a business can make when it comes to creating modern enterprise systems.
In conclusion, hiring developers from Java is an excellent choice for any business looking to stay ahead of the competition. With their vast range of skills and expertise in object-oriented programming, design patterns, core Java language capabilities, and more; they are capable of developing innovative solutions tailored to your exact needs with improved performance and scalability. Moreover, as a mature and stable language that runs on multiple platforms supported by a strong community and ecosystem of experts; you can be sure there will always be qualified talent available when it comes time to hire new programmers. Investing in well-trained Java engineers offers long-term returns through increased productivity while also helping propel your organization's objectives forward faster than ever before. All this makes adding experienced Java developers to your team one of the best decisions you could make!
Thank you for joining us today for our in-depth Raspberry Pi programming tutorial. The previous guide covered the steps necessary to connect a fingerprint scanner to a Raspberry Pi 4. In addition, we developed a python script to complement the sensor's ability to identify fingerprints. Yet, in this guide, we'll discover how to interface a ws2812 RGB to a Raspberry Pi 4.
Bright, colorful lights are the best, and this tutorial shows you how to set up Fully Configurable WS2812B led strips to run on a Pi 4 computer as quickly and flexibly as possible. In that manner, you can have the ambiance of your home reflect your tastes.
In most cases, when people talk about a "WS2812B Strip," they mean a long piece of extensible PCB with a bunch of different RGB LED Nodes spread out and dotting all along the top. As a bonus, WS2812B strips can be addressed individually. Each RGB node can independently set its own color and brightness. The functionality of non-addressable RGB strips will be identical to that of WS2812B strips. WS2812B Strips are superior in every way, allowing for more imaginative LED light shows. It is possible to create more complex animations, stripes, and chases by individually programming the actions of each LED Node.
The "WS" in WS2812B indicates that this is the second major revision of this design; "World Semi" refers to the chip's original equipment manufacturer, "2812" to its specific part number, and "B" to its revision number. Each WS2812B LED Node contains an integrated circuit chip, as shown below.
Fully Configurable Strip LEDs now come in wide varieties. It's important to remember whether the strip operates on 5 volts or 12-volt power. To power our 5V-powered Raspberry Pi Computer, we need to use a 5V power supply. Or we'll have to install extra gear to meet the 12v Dc power specifications. LED Node densities also vary across WS2812B LED strips. Since our strip consists of WS2812B nodes soldered onto rigid PCBs, it may also be controlled by the Python script included in this article. ws2812B LED strips are the ideal LEDs to use because of the benefits above. What this manual entails is listed below.
The control mechanism implemented in this tutorial works with WS2812B LED nodes, whether they are rigidly coupled on a PCB or flexibly arranged over a long strip. No prior experience with Raspberry Pi has required, thanks to our comprehensive online raspberry pi 4 for the introduction. You should be able to follow these guidelines if you've read at least chapter 1.
| Where To Buy? | ||||
|---|---|---|---|---|
| No. | Components | Distributor | Link To Buy | |
| 1 | Jumper Wires | Amazon | Buy Now | |
| 2 | Raspberry Pi 4 | Amazon | Buy Now | |
Let's go over the protocol for these addressable LEDs so you can see how they function. Each WS2812B unit's red, green, and blue LEDs can be independently controlled to one of 256 brightness levels. Each LED module needs 24 bits of data or three groups of eight brightness bits. Here's a quick rundown of the steps involved:
The first LED in the string receives this data stream from the microcontroller, which consists of eight green bits, eight red bits, and eight blue bits.
In the case of several LEDs, the data sequence for the second LED begins with green, red, and blue information immediately after the information for the first LED. The process repeats itself until each LED is turned on.
The first LED acts as a receiver for data for all subsequent LEDs in the chain and then sends that data to the second LED without applying the same sequence.
When the original "number one" LED unit runs out of binary LED sequences, it passes the baton to the next available unit.
What follows are detailed instructions for configuring a single Raspberry Pi board to manage many individually addressable LEDs.
A pi 4
5v led strip
A DC barrel jack to 2-pin terminal block adapter.
More than 30 WS2812B strip Nodes will necessitate the usage of an external power supply. Even with highly efficient LEDs, producing brilliant light takes a lot of energy. On average, each pixel will consume 20mA, and while projecting white light at full brightness, each pixel will consume 60mA. This information shows us that 30 Pixels can consume 600mA on average and 1.8A at full brightness. As a side note, staring directly into a room with the lights set to full white causes blind spots in my vision. Because of this, I typically set the brightness of my WS2812B lights to 20%. Ensure your WS2812B strip's power source is adequate for the illumination level you intend to achieve.
In today's world, 3.3V data logic is compatible with most WS2812B LED nodes. The GPIO Pins on a Raspberry Pi have an operational voltage range of 0 to 3.3V; therefore, this works out perfectly. This surface-mounted WS2812B strip Node has seen five minor changes since its inception. Since the earlier WS2812B strip can only work on 5V Data Logic, a logical level shifter may be necessary if you're experiencing strange or intermittent issues.
We'll configure our Raspberry PI to look and act like a desktop PC because that's how most people use computers at home and because it's the most user-friendly setup for novice makers. To convert our Raspberry Pi into a desktop computer, we'll need to install a micro-SD card pre-flashed with the operating system. Then hook it up to a monitor via HDMI and a mouse/keyboard combo. Also, this is a good moment to install a small heatsink on the Raspberry Pi Board's central processing unit IC. Look at the image below to see the setup adjacent to a short WS2812B LED strip with three wires protruding from it. The WS2812B has three wires that have not yet been connected to the Raspberry Pi. WS2812B LED Strip PCBs are often marked with arrows to indicate the direction of data flow. It is a common problem in troubleshooting when this is ignored.
How to Configure Hardware for WS2812B Chains with fewer than 30 Nodes We need to plug in the 5V WS2812B Strip's three wires to the Raspberry Pi before turning the power on. Link the Raspberry Pi's 5V Power Input Pin with the Red Power Cable. Join the white wire labeled "Ground" to the Pi's Ground pin. Join the Raspberry Pi's Green Input Pin to its GPIO 18 port. It is important to remember that the Green Input Pin could be any GPIO pin as long as the appropriate adjustments are made in your Python programs. In this manual, GPIO 18 will be used for the Data Line in all scripts. The picture below shows how these three wires are joined together. This straightforward system can provide power and data transmission for a limited amount of LEDs.
Hardware Configuration for a WS2812B Strip with more than 30 Nodes in Length. However, the Pi 4 Power Pin Out is not powerful enough to power a full LED strip. It's important to know the power requirements of fully addressable WS2812B LEDs, especially when used in large quantities. 150 fully illuminated RGBW LEDs should be manageable by a high-quality 5v 4A power supply.
Following the diagram below, we will connect a 5V 4A power source via a DC barrel jack. Our WS2812B LEDs are pre-soldered with one green data wire, two red power wires, and two white ground wires. The white wire should be attached to the DC barrel jack's negative terminal using a screwdriver. Join the Red Wire to the Terminal With the Positive Screw Down. The White Connectors all link to one other, indicating a Common Ground shared by the Raspberry Pi and the power source. The two devices can't be connected without ground, which will prevent voltage fluctuations and data transmission mistakes.
Furthermore, the WS2812B Strip is no longer connected to the Pi 4 computer via a red power wire. We have found an alternative to using a Raspberry Pi to run our system. See the diagram below for details on connecting a Raspberry Pi to a string of WS2812B LEDs so that they may be controlled remotely.
There are several great best practices to keep in mind if you're planning on powering many LED strips. If you need to run more than a 5-meter roll of LEDs, I recommend consulting the adafruit documentation on the subject. It's important to think about heat and currents.
Now that everything is hooked up how you like it, you can turn on the Pi 4 System by inserting a USB-C cable.
You'll need to install a few packages if you're starting with a clean install of Raspberry Pi OS. Since this is the case, WS2812B LEDs will function properly. When you plug the Raspberry Pi into an electrical outlet and finish the initial boot-up wizard, you will be taken to the operating system's familiar desktop.
Click the black button in the upper left corner to open a new terminal window. An interactive terminal will launch. Below is a picture of this happening, with a huge red arrow indicating the pressed terminal icon.
With this terminal window, we can search for specific programs and download them from the internet. Here are the command lines you use in the terminal to install everything you need. Type | Y | to confirm installs if prompted.
sudo pip3 install rpi_ws281x
sudo pip3 install adafruit-circuitpython-neopixel
sudo python3 -m pip install --force-reinstall adafruit-blinka
You now have the software and programming packages installed on your Device to power and run WS2812B properly.
You may trigger the Raspberry Pi to turn on the associated WS2812B LED strips in various ways. To begin, I will utilize the simplest and quickest technique, which involves hooking up this Raspberry Pi to a monitor, mouse, and keyboard so that I can execute Python scripts directly to control it. Below, you'll find the best and most fun Python script to start with: | strandtest.py |. Even though it's far more involved than the rest of the Python scripts in this tutorial, we felt it was essential to include it first because it provides a comprehensive overview of the various possible patterns and lighting styles.
import time
from rpi_ws281x import *
import argparse
LED_COUNT = 30
LED_PIN = 18
LED_FREQ_HZ = 800000 # LED signal frequency in hertz (usually 800khz)
LED_DMA = 10 # DMA channel to use for generating a signal (try 10)
LED_BRIGHTNESS = 65 # Set to 0 for darkest and 255 for brightest
LED_INVERT = False # True to invert the signal (when using NPN transistor level shift)
LED_CHANNEL = 0 # set to '1' for GPIOs 13, 19, 41, 45 or 53
def colorWipe(strip, color, wait_ms=50):
"""Wipe color across display a pixel at a time."""
for i in range(strip.numPixels()):
strip.setPixelColor(i, color)
strip.show()
time.sleep(wait_ms/1000.0)
def theaterChase(strip, color, wait_ms=50, iterations=10):
"""Movie theater light style chaser animation."""
for j in range(iterations):
for q in range(3):
for i in range(0, strip.numPixels(), 3):
strip.setPixelColor(i+q, color)
strip.show()
time.sleep(wait_ms/1000.0)
for i in range(0, strip.numPixels(), 3):
strip.setPixelColor(i+q, 0)
def wheel(pos):
"""Generate rainbow colors across 0-255 positions."""
if pos < 85:
return Color(pos * 3, 255 - pos * 3, 0)
elif pos < 170:
pos -= 85
return Color(255 - pos * 3, 0, pos * 3)
else:
pos -= 170
return Color(0, pos * 3, 255 - pos * 3)
def rainbow(strip, wait_ms=20, iterations=1):
"""Draw rainbow that fades across all pixels at once."""
for j in range(256*iterations):
for i in range(strip.numPixels()):
strip.setPixelColor(i, wheel((i+j) & 255))
strip.show()
time.sleep(wait_ms/1000.0)
def rainbowCycle(strip, wait_ms=20, iterations=5):
"""Draw rainbow that uniformly distributes itself across all pixels."""
for j in range(256*iterations):
for i in range(strip.numPixels()):
strip.setPixelColor(i, wheel((int(i * 256 / strip.numPixels()) + j) & 255))
strip.show()
time.sleep(wait_ms/1000.0)
def theaterChaseRainbow(strip, wait_ms=50):
"""Rainbow movie theater light style chaser animation."""
for j in range(256):
for q in range(3):
for i in range(0, strip.numPixels(), 3):
strip.setPixelColor(i+q, wheel((i+j) % 255))
strip.show()
time.sleep(wait_ms/1000.0)
for i in range(0, strip.numPixels(), 3):
strip.setPixelColor(i+q, 0)
# Main program logic follows:
if __name__ == '__main__':
# Process arguments
parser = argparse.ArgumentParser()
parser.add_argument('-c', '--clear', action='store_true', help='clear the display on exit')
args = parser.parse_args()
# Create NeoPixel object with appropriate configuration.
strip = Adafruit_NeoPixel(LED_COUNT, LED_PIN, LED_FREQ_HZ, LED_DMA, LED_INVERT, LED_BRIGHTNESS, LED_CHANNEL)
# Intialize the library (must be called once before other functions).
strip.begin()
print ('Press Ctrl-C to quit.')
if not args.clear:
print('Use "-c" argument to clear LEDs on exit')
try:
while True:
print ('Color wipe animations.')
colorWipe(strip, Color(255, 0, 0)) # Red wipe
colorWipe(strip, Color(0, 255, 0)) # Blue wipe
colorWipe(strip, Color(0, 0, 255)) # Green wipe
print ('Theater chase animations.')
theaterChase(strip, Color(127, 127, 127)) # White theater chase
theaterChase(strip, Color(127, 0, 0)) # Red theater chase
theaterChase(strip, Color( 0, 0, 127)) # Blue theater chase
print ('Rainbow animations.')
rainbow(strip)
rainbowCycle(strip)
theaterChaseRainbow(strip)
except KeyboardInterrupt:
if args.clear:
colorWipe(strip, Color(0,0,0), 10)
Get started with Python using an IDE like Thonny IDE. You can use any Python Interpreter you like, as Thonny IDE is one of many. Thonny IDE can be accessed through the Application Menu under the Programming submenu. Then, copy the above code inside Thonny Python Editor and save it as strandtest.py on your desktop. Proceed by clicking the large green Run button. See what happens when you do that in the image below.
With that, you should see vibrant hues coming from your LED strip. If individual LEDs on your WS2812B LED Strip aren't lighting up, but the others are, open the Python script, locate the variable labeled LED COUNT, and raise its value till it's in line with the number of LEDs on your strip. The script can be saved and re-run by clicking the Run button. To accommodate the enormous quantity of WS2812B LED Strip, I set this variable to 150. In the next image, you can see a long WS2812B strip that has been wired to an external power source and is controlled by the modified Python script.
Now you can check if your Device is properly constructed and functioning with the help of the above strandtest.py script. Moreover, the resulting illumination is just breathtaking. Maker may be left wanting more, though. This is of special importance to the readability of the code, which facilitates its adaptation to specific tasks. This section will show you how to control the WS2812B strip with a few basic Python programs easily modified to suit your needs.
To get started, look at OneStripNeopixels.py, a very basic WS2812B Control Script.
import time
import board
import neopixel
#Initialise, a strips variable, provide the GPIO Data Pin
# utilized and the amount of LED Nodes on the strip and brightness (0 to 1 value)
pixels1 = neopixel.NeoPixel(board.D18, 55, brightness=1)
#Also, create an arbitrary count variable
x=0
pixels1.fill((0, 220, 0))
#LED Node 10 and the color Blue were selected
pixels1[10] = (0, 20, 255)
#Showing a different color
time.sleep(4)
#Below will loop until variable x has a value of 35
while x<35:
pixels1[x] = (255, 0, 0)
pixels1[x-5] = (255, 0, 100)
pixels1[x-10] = (0, 0, 255)
#Add 1 to the counter
x=x+1
#Add a small time pause which will translate to 'smoothly' changing color
time.sleep(0.05)
#Below section is the same process as the above loop, just in reverse
while x>-15:
pixels1[x] = (255, 0, 0)
pixels1[x+5] = (255, 0, 100)
pixels1[x+10] = (0, 255, 0)
x=x-1
time.sleep(0.05)
#Add a brief time delay to appreciate what has happened
time.sleep(4)
#Complete the script by returning all the LEDs to the off
pixels1.fill((0, 0, 0))
The Python script has been thoroughly commented on, so you should have no trouble following along. The script in the previous paragraph includes readily apparent dials and switches. You'll learn the fundamentals of making a captivating LED Pattern, including how to adjust the number of LED Nodes, the brightness of the LED strips, whether to illuminate the entire board or just a section of it and how to illuminate individual LEDs. Each Node color can be customized by entering a corresponding Red, Blue, or Green numeric value. A number can have any value between zero and 255. The term "RGB Color Code" is commonly used to describe this. While experimenting with different hues can be a lot of fun, the best method to find the precise shade you need is to use a website that lists RGB color codes. Choose any color on this site, and you'll get its corresponding RGB color code in three numbers. After you've located the three-digit color code, you can easily enter it into the Python program.
You can copy and paste the script into Thonny IDE and run it. Once you've saved the file, you can press the run button to activate the script. Below are some screenshots displaying the output.
Next is to hook up a few different LED Strips to the Pi 4 SBC and run a Python script to manage everything. Hardware-wise, I've replicated the procedure described in Hardware Configuration for Small, fewer than 30 Nodes long WS2812B, adding a second, similarly-sized WS2812B LED Strip.
I wired an additional WS2812B strip of lights up to the GPIO in the manner described below. The Raspberry Pi's other 5V Pin was connected to the red power line. The Raspberry Pi's White Ground Wire was attached to the board's second Ground Port. In this case, GPIO 21 received the green data wire. Check out the diagram of the wired components below; using two WS2812B LED strips of varying density is fine.
Using Thonny IDE as previously, run the python script titled TwoStripsNeopixels.py to control these two WS2812B Strips in a no-frills fashion. Look at this thoroughly documented Python script down here.
#include all necessary packages to get LEDs to work with Raspberry Pi
import time
import board
import neopixel
#Initialise two strips variables, provide the GPIO Data Pin
# utilized and the amount of LED Nodes and brightness (0 to 1 value)
pixels1 = neopixel.NeoPixel(board.D18, 30, brightness=1)
pixels2 = neopixel.NeoPixel(board.D21, 6, brightness=1)
#Focusing on a particular strip, use the command Fill to make it all a single color
#based on decimal code R, G, B. Number can be anything from 255 - 0. Use an RGB Colour
#Code Chart Website to quickly identify a desired fill color.
pixels1.fill((0, 255, 0))
pixels2.fill((0, 0, 255))
#Sleep for one second, and then code repeats for different color combinations. Light changes
#Could happen instead in response to certain buttons being pressed or due to threshold values
time.sleep(1.5)
pixels1.fill((200, 200, 0))
pixels2.fill((0, 200, 200))
time.sleep(1.5)
pixels1.fill((50, 70, 215))
pixels2.fill((215, 50, 70))
time.sleep(1.5)
pixels1.fill((0, 0, 0))
pixels2.fill((0, 0, 0))
Note that a Pi 4Computer has four Data Wire locations that can control individual WS2812B LED Strips, provided the corresponding Python script is updated correctly. The pinouts are numbered as follows: GPIO18, GPIO21, GPIO12, and GPIO10. With some tweaking and development of this technique, you can use a single Raspberry Pi as a standalone controller for four individually addressable WS2812B strips.
Ensure the right number of LED Nodes has been assigned to both LED WS2812B Strips before running the script. Once the script is ready to be executed, click the Thonny IDE's large green Run button. Both strands will suddenly come to life, each filled with a unique color. In the picture below, you can see this in action.
In this tutorial, we looked at connecting a WS2812B led strip to a Raspberry Pi. We also programmed the LEDs to blink in various patterns and colors using Python. You may now explore with your raspberry pi and these led strips to create patterns or whatever you like. Next, we'll look at connecting a Pi 4 to a sharp infrared distance measurement sensor.
We all know technology is not only changing trends and habits, but it is also reshaping the way we live our daily lives. We are not talking about centuries ago, but even if we examine the previous two decades, everything, from our communication style to our travel means, from our shopping habits to our entertainment industry, is changing rapidly, and this has both pros and cons. In a broader view, we can say that positive impacts are more dominant than negative effects on our lives. Maybe you have the opposite opinion, but I can prove this with the help of a simple and general example that I am going to discuss in detail with you. Just like almost every other sport and game, poker has some visible technical changes, and people can play poker online. Clients and casinos are getting more and more benefits from technical assistance. We are talking about the facts and ways in which modern technologies are reshaping and redesigning online poker. Different technologies, such as artificial intelligence, are changing the way online poker works, and we will try to find the ways and facts by which this change is being seen by experts.
Collectively, we can say that the advancement in technology has positively revolutionized online poker. There are some negative points about modern technology, but the score of the positive points is higher; therefore, we have talked more about these. The techniques such as AI, machine learning, 3D machines, AR, VR, and some others are the backbone of this change, and it seems like these changes are unending because of the advancement in technology every year. If you are interested in more details then you must visit Ignition starting hands guide for the best tips and tricks on online poker.
The history of online poker is just as important as the history of the internet because, with the advancement of the internet in the 1990s, many games, including online poker, were introduced for game lovers. This growth was so interesting that everyone was attracted to the internet and online gaming, whether they were players or game developers. Many big names in the world of online poker made a great audience out of this niche, and people are moving more and more towards online poker every year.
In the records of online poker, the first visible name is Planet Poker, which was developed in 1998. This was just the start, and the real fame of online poker started in the 2000s. Another name in the poker game is more interesting. After qualifying through an online satellite tournament, Chris Moneymaker won the 2003 World Series of Poker (WSOP) Main Event, helping to popularize the game and attract more players to online poker sites.
In the market for online poker, the next few years were significant, and these played a vital role in attracting a great community to online poker. The main reason for this was, the great bonuses and discounts offered by these online websites and the great community that was involved with amazing skills there. People were getting more and more discounts by simply signing up the new accounts, and this was an attractive point in the growth of online poker.
But in this journey, there were many ups and downs, and here it is important to mention that the industry was rocked in 2006 by the passage of the Unlawful Internet Gambling Enforcement Act (UIGEA) in the United States, which made it illegal for banks to process online gambling transactions. This resulted in a decline in the US market, which had previously been one of the largest for online poker.
Despite this time, the history of online poker has undergone a positive reshaping with the advancement in technology. People seem more convenient to have this game online because of the vast community and more facilities. This will be clear with the help of the points that we are going to share with you.
Now we are talking about some points that will justify that there are many effects of technology on online poker and in every era, we are facing the ups and downs of poker and the conclusion will be made after this discussion.
When players are connected virtually, the first thing that comes to their mind is the transparent results and the security of the rights of the players. The developers have made the system so secure to win the confidence of the players. Modern technology has helped the owners of the system to minimize the chance of cheating and to reduce the chance of using chat bots and cheating codes to win the game. With the advancement of technology, the algorithms are becoming more and more secure to win the trust of thousands of people at the same time.
An interesting point here is to mention of the involvement of the companies like poker operators that are playing a vital role to improve security and to enhance the level of trust towards online poker platforms.
With the advancement in the technologies like artificial intelligence, poker is becoming more and more interesting because of the fantastic features and the availability of the options of personalization that not only gives a quality experience to the players but the rules and options are so clear that even a new player can understand all of them easily without any major issue. This is making online poker more common among the new generation and is still the favorite of the previous one.
For the best gaming experiences, the personalization of the profile and the game is playing an important role. It seems like many controls of the profile are in the hand of the player and he can easily use his profile image in different ways for the best experience.
Data fusion is one of the most significant points in modern technology, and if we purely talk about poker, this game is full of thrill because of its complex decisions and tactics of the game that every player must be pro in to get the best position. The advanced technology helps the player to get a better experience with the help of data fusion. This makes the game more realistic as all the players are in the same database and there is no need of putting the information manually, this makes the user experience better.
With the advancement in artificial technology, machine learning has helped the system to perform better every day by learning from the behaviour of the users every time they play.
The start of the technology was amazing and easy, but with the passage of time and the introduction of new games and platforms, all of them are using modern technology. With the advancement in it, people have the easiest way to reach these platforms, and by the same token, the availability of multiple choices for online poker has made it more interesting to have the game as every online platform has its features and expertise. So, every user has a variety of online poker platforms with the advancement of technology, and this is the winning point of online poker.
As we have said, with the advancement in technology, the major work is done on the database of the players, which makes it possible to play with your groups at the same time without any issues. The traditional way of playing poker is to play at a table, and it seems perfect to play with friends in such an environment, but technology has made it possible to play with your own friends on the same table with pre-defined and decided rules according to your mode and choice. Any game with a friend is interesting, and poker is the best option to spend quality time with your friends and loved ones.
This is the nature of the human that more variety means more fun, especially if it is about the games. It is observed that real games do not offer more variety than online games because, because of the advancement in technology, the variations in the games are provided to the players so that every time they play, they enjoy a different type of game according to the mode.
Poker is a mind game, and every type of player needs a different game according to their skills. For example, a player at the beginner level will need some relaxation and want to play with the new players for practice. These types of facilities are provided with an online platform with the help of modern technology that gives challenges to players of the same rank and the same skills. The same is true for vice versa.
Till now, our focus was to justify the points to make clear why the reshaping of online poker is related to modern technology. This time, we are moving to the expert level and will talk deeply about the technology to prove our previous discussion. Online poker and casinos are popular niches globally, and people find it more convenient to play on their mobile devices, desktops, and computers rather than going to the real markets where less security and transparency are provided. To make it more popular, many techniques are being used, and some of these are given next:
One of the most popular technologies that we have seen in the market for online poker is virtual reality, which is not only related to this particular topic but to several fields of gaming. When we think about online poker, the only thing that we might miss is the interaction of the people just like in the real world. To overcome this deficiency, now techniques like virtual reality are used with the help of which, the players can interact and deal with the other players conveniently and can read their profiles to learn about their games and their positions. This helps a lot to the players to make the strategy and to have the perfect move at the perfect time. To make it more real, headsets and motion sensors are used for augmented reality, or simply AR, which helps the user gain knowledge about other players and the rules of the game they are playing so that they may have the strategy to win the game. The information about the objects and the working of the object is also related to it and this gives the player a more engaging and realistic experience.
If we say that blockchain technology has revolutionized the world of online poker, then it will not be wrong because it is proven in many ways, and in such games, the most important feature is the security and privacy that are provided by the blockchain.
To make sure that every transaction is safe and clear, the blockchain provides many features, that help the online platform win the trust of its users. This means that the player will have a tension-free game with the confidence of having the perfect result without any cheating.
If we are talking about modern techniques, then how can we forget the 3D machines? To have an immense and real-time experience in online poker, people are using 3D machines, which give a highly interesting experience in such games. The 3D animation is closer to the real world and the fantastic design gives the best experience with creativity.
The graphics and character modelling of these machines make the game more interesting. The animations make the game more engaging, and the players feel it is more realistic and have a better experience.
We should mention here that the technologies we have mentioned here are not only convenient for the players but also for the developers and the owners of online poker. This gives the player the independence of playing and getting the reward most transparently and conveniently. So, this reshaping of online poker with modern technology is helpful.