The Engineering Projects

What is the Future of Optical Engineering?

Hello friends, I hope you all are doing great. In today’s tutorial, we will discuss What is the Future of Optical Engineering? In conjunction with the National Research Council, Scientists have highlighted that the development of optic and photonic technologies is of the utmost importance when it comes to the future of the United States. Consequently, the government is advised to create optic and photonic initiatives that would swiftly advance greater research and development of optic engineering and photonics technology. In today's post, we will have a look at various reasons to pay attention to the future of optics and photonics technologies. So let's get started with What is the Future of Optical Engineering?

Metamaterials

• Meta-materials are engineered to generate properties that are non-existence in natural materials.
• They possess smart properties that can manipulate electronic waves consequently, they are able to offer benefits that are far beyond the possibilities with conventional materials.

• When designed appropriately, metamaterials engineered by optics can impact sound or waves of electromagnetic radiation in such a way that is not visible with bulk materials.
• It is predicted that metamaterials will be of greater use and value in defence applications.

Optical Technologies can Aid Wide-Area Surveillance

• The United States should consider how applicable and well developed optical technologies can aid platforms with the capability of object identification, wider-area surveillance, laser strike, high-bandwidth space communication, improved image resolution, as well as defence against missiles, especially for military and other security interventions.
• Engaging optics engineering and photonics technologies synergistically for a high-altitude platform or laser strike fighter have the ability to result in detailed knowledge regarding an area, information download via communication links, the possibility of striking targets in the fastest possible manner, as well as the possibility of defending against missile attack in a robust manner.
• It is clear that this technology opportunity may become the point of focus for tons of other aspects in optics as well as photonic, typical examples of such areas include free-space communication, high-powered lasers, super-sophisticated camera development, and other areas that the U.S. must take the lead to enable it to maintain national security.
• Even in the world of guns, optic technology is being deployed increasingly. For instance, rifle scopes use optic technologies.
• Scopes offer high magnification and are being used in hunting. They can be used even with both eyes and you’ll have a lot more leeway with where your head or eyes are positioned.

Computing

• Also, the future of more robust computing partly relies on the proper development of optics and photonics technologies.
• This is because the present computing devices, whether it is quantum computers or photonic circuits, have shown us that there are greater possibilities with computing devices and computing itself in the future.
• As the demand for more efficient and faster computing increases, photonics appears to be something to watch out for in the future, and a promising field to venture into by both individuals and governments.

• Already, Google, IBM, and other technology giants have invested massively in this direction.

Imaging

• Through imaging, it is possible to see the wide range of chemical and physical changes occurring in a system.
• Imaging plays an important role particularly in medicine, biology, as well as security issues.
• Using ultrafast imaging, humans have been able to study the ultrafast phenomenon, a typical example is the chemical reactions that take place in short time duration.
• Examples of notable ultrafast imaging systems include STREAK camera, STEAM, and others.
• When it comes to spectroscopy, fingerprinting is the basic concept. Devices engaged for scanning at important locations such as airports are dependent on those spectroscopic systems.
• And, the future has more to offer with imaging when optics and photonics technologies are further explored.

Further Development of Electric Grid for Solar Power

• The United States’ energy stakeholders can seek for ways to strike cost equality across the electric grid of the nation for solar energy/power VS the intended 2020 fossil-powered electric plants.
• Think for a moment, the possibilities with a renewable source of energy that impacts the environment minimally and costs less compared to nonrenewable alternatives.

• While this may appear to be an ambitious goal and a grand challenge, it is doable and possible with extra efforts.

Material Processing

• Material processing and nanofabrication are quite essential, for both basic research as well as industrial applications.
• And, these can get better if optics and photonics are further explored and maximized in the future.
• There has been an advancement in optical data storage and a nine-fold data storage boost has been witnessed via the BluRay disc and similar technologies.
• And, the future holds even much more, as long as stakeholders will take giant strides to further research, develop and deploy optics and applicable technologies.

It is the detailed article on the future of optical engineering if you have any question ask in comments. Thanks for reading.

What is Electromagnet

Hello, fellows, I hope you all are doing great. In today’s tutorial, we will discuss What is Electromagnet. In 1820 physicist of Denmark Christian Orsted first time in the world found that the current produces the magnetic field. After four years of the Christian's theory in 1824 another physicist William Sturgeon who was United Kingdom native work on the findings of the Christian and created the electromagnet. It was created by the piece of iron whose design was like horse-show when the almost eighteen turns of the copper windings were rapped on the iron. The piece of iron was separated from the copper windings by insulation element. After making these arrangements William Sturgeon connect the battery with the terminals of the copper windings, the piece of iron starts to behave like a magnet and attract other iron substance. When he removed the input current from the copper terminals the piece of iron behaves like an insulator. William Sturgeon also practically showed the power of its magnet, his magnet weight was just two hundred gram, but it can attract or lift almost the nine-kilo weight. In today's post we will have a look at electromagnet working, construction, uses and other parameters. So let's get started with the What is Electromagnet.

What is Electromagnet

• The variety of magnet that used current for the generation of the magnetic field is known as the electromagnet.
• These magnets are formed by the wire when it rapped like a loop and current passes through this loop.
• When current passes through the coil magnetic field around the coil produced in a circular shape, its density at the centre of the loop is high and as moves away from the coil it strength decreases.

• Mostly used conductor for the electromagnet is iron because it concentrates the flux produced by the current at the centre and make high power electromagnet.
• The benefit of the electromagnet over the permanent magnet is that we can control its durability and magnetic field by adjusting the current, but in permanent magnet, it is not possible.
• But it also has a drawback that for continue acting it needs a power supply but in the permanent magnet is not needed.
• The electromagnets are frequently used in all classes of electrical machines like motor, generator, speaker and magnetic imaging machine in the hospital.

Lines of Force around an Electromagnet

• When the current passes through the wire it behaves like an electromagnet due to this current magnetic field is produced around the conductor.
• This field has its own north and south poles, it starts from the north pole and end at the south field. The strength of the field is higher at the centre of the loop of the wire and strength decreases as moves away from the centre.
• If we wound more loops of the windings around the iron piece than the strength of the field can be increased.
• From this, we can conclude that the flux of any conductor is directly proportioned the amount of current passing through it and its number of the turns.

m.m.f = I x N

• In this equation, the N is the turns number.

Magnetic Strength of the Electromagnet

• When the electromagnet is created then there are 2 conductors are used first one is wire loop and other is conductor whose around the loop is wound.
• When the current passes through these conductors magnetic field produced in both the conductors and these fields interact with one another and force act on these 2 conductors.
• If the current passing through both the conductors has a similar direction then the conductors will have attraction among them you can see it in the above diagram.
• When the direction of the current is opposite then the field of 2 conductors become strong and both of them repel each other.

• The strength of the field around the conductor depends on the distance from the conductor, it becomes weaker as moves away from the conductor.
• The field strength can be defined by the given formula.
• H = (I x N)/L
  • In this equation, the H is the field intensity.
  • I is the current moving through the conductor.
  • N is no of turns.
  • L is the length of the conductor.

Permeability of Electromagnets

• If we use the core of different conductors instead of the iron than the capacity of the magnet will be different for different core material.
• The changing in the power electromagnet is due to the variation in the density of the flux, different materials produce different flux.
• The more flux lines can pass through the core then the material has larger permeability.
• The formula for the permeability of the material is given as.

u = ur x uo

• In this equation, u is the permeability of the core material.
• ur is the relative permeability of the material.
• uo permeability of the free space.

Advantages of an Electromagnet Over a Permanent Magnet

• These are the main benefits that we get from electromagnet that is not provided by the permanent magnet.

Control of Magnet Strength

• The most important feature of the electromagnet is that the magnetic strength of it can be varied.
• If the current is not passing through the windings of the electromagnt than it works as an insulator when current passes through it becomes a magnet.
• If the current provided in large amperes than there is a larger increment in the strength of the magnet.

• This ability variation in the strength of the electromagnetic makes it useful in industries where the different value of the flux is needed.

Applications of the Electromagnets

• There are many applications of the electromagnets in the industries, home and also in medical equipment. Let's discuss these applications.
• It used in heavy types of machinery used in factories, and smaller electronic instruments like motors.
• It also used for different experiments for the production of the magnetic field.
• If the electromagnet is in the form of the solenoids, it used for the creation of the uniform magnetic field.
• It used in transformer for the production of the flux in the transformer, the core of the transformer behaves like an electromagnet.
• It used in different electrical relays.
• The working of the loudspeaker used in the seminar also depends on the electromagnet.
• Medical resonance imaging machine also used for the production of the magnetic field.
• It also used in hard disks VCR (videocassette recorder), and tape recorder.

It is the detailed article on the electromagnet, I have mentioned each and everything related to the electromagnet. If you have any question ask in comments. Thanks for reading.