The Engineering Projects

Introduction to PN2222

Hello friends, I hope you all are doing great. In today's tutorial, we are gonna have a look at detailed Introduction to PN2222. The PN2222 is a conjoint NPN bipolar junction transistor which is used for common persistence less power intensifying or swapping circuits applications. It is intended for low to intermediate current, squat power, intermediate voltage and can activate at a temperately higher speed. It was initially prepared in the TO-18 metallic cascading. It is reflected as a very communal transistor and used as a replacement of NPN transistors. It is normally used as a lesser signal transistor and it vestiges a small common persistence transistor of permanent reputation. In today’s post, we will have a look at its cover, specks, association, applications, etc. I will also share some links where I have interfaced it with other microcontrollers. You can also get more material about it in comments, I will guide you more about it. So, let’s get started with a basic Introduction to PN2222. 

Introduction to PN2222

• The PN2222 is a conjoint NPN bipolar junction transistor which is used for common persistence less power intensifying or swapping circuits applications.
• The PN2222 was a fragment of an intimate of expedients designated by Motorola at a 1962 IRE treaty. Meanwhile, then it has been prepared by many semiconductor corporations, such as Texas Instruments.

• PN2222 is an NPN transistor the pinout of emitter and collector will be uncluttered when we attach base pin with the ground and these pins will be fastened when a signal is delivered on base.
• It's gain value is 110 to 800, this value governs the intensification capability of the transistor.
• The maximum quantity of current that can drift by the Collector pin is 800mA, hereafter we cannot attach loads which devour more than 800mA by this transistor.
• For biasing of transistor we must apply current to base pin. This (Ib) current must be limited to 5mA.

• When this transistor is completely biased then it can permit a maximum of 800mA to movement crosswise the collector and emitter.

• This phase is named Saturation Region and the characteristic voltage permissible crossways the Collector-Emitter (V­_CE) or Base-Emitter (V_BE) can be 200 and 900 mV correspondingly.

• When the base current is detached the transistor converts entirely off, this phase is named as the Cut-off Region and the Base-Emitter voltage might be about 660mV.

Pinout of PN2222

• • These are the main pinout of PN2222.

Pin#	Type	Parameters
Pin#1	Emitter	Emitter is for current drainage out.
Pin#2	Base	The base controls the biasing of the transistor.
Pin#3	Collector	The emitter is for the current inward movement.

Lest see a diagram of the pinout.

Features of PN2222

• These are the main specifications of PN2222.
  • It is bi-polar higher current user NPN transistor.
  • It DC gain is (h_FE ) is 100.
  • Its incessant Collector current (I_C) is 800mA.
  • Its (V_BE) Emitter-base voltage is six volts.
  • Its voltage between collector and emitter is thirty volts.
  • Extreme base current Ib is 5mA.
  • It's accessible in To-92 Compendium.
  • Its collector intemperance factor is 0.625 W.
  • Its changeover frequency is 300 MHz.
  • It has a functioning and storing connection temperature range -55 to +150 °C.

Working of PN2222

• Now we discuss the working of PN2222.
• In the next few lines, we will discuss where it can be used after this we discuss it's working.
  • It is like the generally used NPN transistor BC547. Nevertheless, there are two significant topographies which differentiate both of them.
  • It can permit collector current up to 800mA and as well has power intemperance of 652mW due to this it is used for larger loads then BC547.
  • So if you are considering for an NPN transistor which can switch loads of large current user then PN2222 will be the right option for your industrial developments.
• Now, we discuss its working.
  • Like other transistors, it can be used as an amplifier and switch. Voltage crossways of base and emitter are six volts so we have to apply these voltage crossways base and emitter to persuade a base current of the transistor.
  • This will change it to forward biasing and consequently completions the linking amid collector and emitter.
  • One important thing in this circuit is the base resistor which is a current preventive resistor. This resistor in the circuit is for limit the coming current which can damage the transistor. Its value can be found by the given equation.
  • R_B = V_BE / I_B
  • To mark things modest I have exposed a basic circuit of the transistor as a switch. In a real circuit, alterations must be vital. In this circuit, I supplied five volts to base and 1K resistor to limit the current.
  • Notice that in this circuit motor consumes around 500mA by the 12V supply source, meanwhile PN2222 rating of collector up to 800mA, which shows it's importance that if we have BC547 in the circuit it would be damaged.

Applications of PN2222

• These are some applications of PN2222.
  • It is used where higher current consumer loads in the circuit. It also used in numerous swapping submissions.
  • It used to control the speed of different types of motors.
  • It used in inversion and rectification circuits.
  • It also used in Darlington pairs.

So it was about PN2222 if you have any query ask in comments. Take care until the next tutorial.

Introduction to S8550

Hello friends, I hope you all are doing great. In today's tutorial, we are gonna have a look at detailed Introduction to S8550. S8550 is a PNP transistor henceforth during reverse biasing both the collector and emitter will be open and during forward biasing these will be closed. The value of gain is 300 this value governs the magnification ability of the transistor. Its gain is very high therefore it is used for magnification solicitations. When it is completely biased it can permit a maximum 700mA current to drift crosswise the collector and emitter. This phase is named as Saturation Region and the distinctive voltage permitted across the (V­CE) or  (VCB) can be 20V and 30V correspondingly. In today’s post, we will have a look at its protection, fragments, connotation, submissions, etc. I will also share some links where I have connected it with other microcontrollers. You can also get more material about it in comments, I will guide you more about it. So, let’s get started with a basic Introduction to S8550. 

Introduction to S8550

• S8550 is a PNP transistor henceforth during reverse biasing both the collector and emitter will be open and during forward biasing these will be closed.
• It is produced in a flexible TO-92 casing. When we observe the smooth side with the leads piercing descending, the three leads emergent from left to right are named as Emitter, Base and Collector.

• It is PNP generally used a transistor, it is a dependable less costly transistor having a good practical feature.
• It is premeditated for the acoustic intensification and other common desires in electronic circuitry It is also used in salable employments.
• It is the greatest selection for diverse electronic circuits as it has dissipation factor 1 Watt so it is respectable for strengthening of the acoustic signal to about 1 Watt.
• The maximum current which can collector cab bear is 700mA due to this is used for large no of switching solicitation in electronically circuits.
• Gain value for this transistor is 300, which make it superior to other transistors.

Pinout of S8550

• These are some important pinout of S8550.

• Pin#	Type	Parameters
  Pin#1	Emitter	Emitter is for current drainage out.
  Pin#2	Base	The base controls the biasing of the transistor. it is used to on and off of the transistor.
  Pin#3	Collector	The collector is for the current inward movement. It is connected with the load.

  Lest see a diagram of the pinout.

  • Features of S8550

• These are the main features of S8550.
• It exists in TO-92 cascading.
• It is a push-pull arrangement class B intensifier.
• It is a PNP transistor.
• The extreme assessment of the collector’s current is -0.7A or -700mA.
• It has extreme emitter to collector voltage (V_CE) -20V.
• Its emitter to base voltage is (VBE) -5V.
• The value of Vcb voltage is -40V.
• Power Dissipation aspect of its collector is one watt.
• The value of the gain of current is (h_FE) 40 To 400.
• It's extreme storing and the working temperature is -65 to +150 C.

Working of S8550

• Now we discuss its working.
• As stated in the above heading the S8550 transistor is usually used in push-pull arrangement with Class B amplifier. So let’s discuss how it works.
• A push-pull amplifier, usually recognized as Class B amplifier, it is a category of the multistage amplifier which is used for acoustic intensification of megaphones.
• It is very easy to build and needs two indistinguishable flattering transistors.
• By admiring it means that we require an NPN transistor and its corresponding PNP transistor. Alike now the NPN transistor is S8050 and its corresponding PNP transistor is S8550.
• A circuit diagram of the Class B amplifier with the S8550 is given a blow.

Applications of S8550

• It is used in Acoustic Intensification Circuitries.
• It is a class B amplifier.
• It is a push-pull transistor.
• It is used in such circuits where high is need.
• It is used in fewer signal submissions.
• It consumes load current under -700mA.
• It is used in different circuits as a switch.
• It amplifies low gain signals to high gain.

So, it was all about S8550 if you have a question about it ask in comments.  I will guide you comprehensively Take care until the next tutorial. Thanks for reading.  

Introduction to 2sa1943

Hello friends, I hope you all are doing great. In today's tutorial, we are gonna have a look at detailed Introduction to 2sa1943. The 2sa1943 is a high power consuming PNP transistor, firstly it was created by a famous company Toshiba. As it has a high gain of current and consumes higher current at collector it is mostly used for such audio circuits which consume higher power or in AF amplifiers. Nonetheless, currently the Transistor is outright from Toshiba and it has been swapped with TTA1943. We can also found old 2sa1943 in marketplaces because still it is replicated by other assemblers in China. In today’s post, we will have a look at its fortification, wreckages, implication, proposals, etc. I will also share some links where I have connected it with other microcontrollers. You can also get more material about it in comments, I will guide you more about it. So, let’s get started with a basic Introduction to 2sa1943.

Introduction to 2sa1943

• The 2sa1943 is a high power consuming PNP transistor, firstly it was created by a famous company Toshiba.
• This transistor is suitable for acoustic power since it has the competence of a huge current of collector I_{c =} 15A and transition frequency up to 30MHZ.

• Corresponding transistors can also be used at Darlington Pair arrangement for amplifier submissions which has a maximum power of 150 watts. Distinctive capacitance at the collector point of 360 pF for the 2SA1943.
• The voltage difference between the collector terminal and base or emitter can be 230 V. The voltage among base and emitter is 5V.
• The 2sa1943 transistor made by Toshiba has to a cascade of 2-21F1A, having dimensions of 20.5 x 26 x 2.8 mm, the weight of 9.75g and distance between pinout is 5.45mm.
• However, now the Transistor is consummate from Toshiba and it has been exchanged with TTA1943.

Pinout of 2sa1943

• These are some important pinout of 2sa1943.

• Pin#	Type	Parameters
  Pin#1	Emitter	The emitter is used for current moving out.
  Pin#2	Base	The base governs the biasing of the transistor. It on and off of the transistor.
  Pin#3	Collector	The collector is for the current inner drive. It is linked with the load.

  Lest see a diagram of the pinout.

Features of 2sa1943

• These are the main features of 2sa1943.
  • It is a PNP transistor.
  • The value of the current gain is (hFE) 55 to 160.
  • Its incessant Collector terminal current (IC) is 15A
  • It is accessible in suites of TO-264.
  • Its V_CE is 230V.
  • The value of V_CB is 230 V.
  • The voltage of V_EB is five volts.
  • Power hedonism at the collector is 150 watts.
  • It has a substitution frequency of 30 MHZ.
  • It's operational and storing intersection temperature is -55 to +150 °C
  • The amount of the current gain is (hFE) 55 to 160.

Working of 2sa1943

• Now we discuss how we can use this transistor in different projects.
• The 2SA1943 is mostly used in amplifier enterprises. Maximum amplifiers work as a push-pull circuit alike that of Class B amplifiers, which needs an NPN transistor and PNP transistor.
• As we have already discussed that  2sa1943 is a PNP transistor it also has its corresponding 2SE5200 that is an NPN transistor. These transistors are frequently used together to enterprise high power Amplifiers.
• This transistor during working use high switching frequency and consumes high current at collector due to this there is a need for heat absorber to avoid it from overheating.
• Heat absorber which we use is acting as the collector pin so it must be inaccessible from other components of the circuit.

• These transistors are normally used to physique Stereophonic arrangements that are evaluated for 200W or above, they can react to frequency from 5Hz to 100 kHz and has a sensitivity of 0.75Vrms.

• They have less signal to noise ratio (SNR) and also has less harmonic alteration which makes it the best option for acoustic submissions.

Applications of 2sa1943

• These are some applications of 2sa1943.
  • It is used in different Auditory frequency intensifiers.
  • It is used in AF and RF circuitries.
  •  It is used in such devices which has less veer degree.
  • It is the best choice for pull-push arrangement circuits.
  • It is used in such switching where high current is required.
  • It can also be used as intermediate Power switches.

So it was all about 2sa1943 if you have any question about it ask in comments. I will guide you comprehensively. Thanks for reading.