The Engineering Projects

How to add new Library in Proteus 8

Hello everyone, I hope you all are doing great. In today's tutorial, I am going to show you How to add new Library in Proteus 8 software. As we all know that Proteus doesn't have all the components in its database so if you want to add a new component in Proteus and want to use it in your simulation, then you have to add or install the Proteus library first.

On our blog, we have posted many Proteus Libraries for Engineering Students, I have given Proteus library zip file download link in each post and I hope you guys have enjoyed those libraries. But I was constantly getting this complaint from students that they are unable to add Proteus Library, especially in Proteus 8 software. So, that's why I thought of writing this tutorial, although it says Proteus 8 but I will also show you How to add library in Proteus 7. I have shown the same procedure in the below video, so must watch it.

So, let's get started with How to add or install Proteus Library:

How to add new Library in Proteus 8

Step1: Download Proteus Library Files

• First of all, download any Proteus Library from our site, let's use Vibration Sensor Library for Proteus.
• Proteus Library zip file download link is given in the post, so simply click on the Download link in order to download Proteus Library zip file.
• Open this Proteus Library .zip file and you will get three files in it, named:
  • VibrationSensorTEP.LIB
  • VibrationSensorTEP.IDX
  • VibrationSensorTEP.HEX
• These are the Proteus library files of the vibration sensor and need to be placed in the Library folder of Proteus software.

Step2: Install Proteus Library

We have downloaded the Proteus Library zip file in Step 1 and now we need to install it in Proteus software. For installation, we don't need to execute any file, instead, we simply need to copy & paste these Proteus Library Files into the library folder of Proteus.

• If you are using Windows 7, 8 or 10, normally Proteus software is installed in the Program File (x86) folder, but it could be in the Program File folder as well.
• So, go to your C drive and then in both of these Program File folders, search for Labcenter Electronics.
• This Labcenter Electronics folder is automatically generated by Proteus setup.
• If you have installed Proteus 7 or Proteus 8 or both, they will be present here. Here's a screenshot of my Labcenter Electronics folder:

• Once you are here, now if you want to add Library in Proteus 8, click on Proteus 8 software as shown in the below figure:

• You can see the Library folder in the above image, so simply paste your Proteus Library files into this Library folder.
• Here's the complete link to Proteus 8 Library folder: C:\Program Files (x86)\Labcenter Electronics\Proteus 8 Professional\LIBRARY.
• In some Proteus 8 Installations, you may find the Library folder at this link: C:\ProgramData\Labcenter Electronics\Proteus 8 Professional\LIBRARY.

• After adding these Proteus Library files, restart your Proteus software. You have to restart it otherwise it won't update its components' database.
• Now in the components search box, type vibration sensor and you will get the results.
• Similarly, if you want to install Proteus Library in Proteus 7, open your Proteus 7 Professional and you will find the Library folder in it as well. Here's the screenshot:

• Here's the complete link to Proteus 7 Library folder: C:\Program Files (x86)\Labcenter Electronics\Proteus 7 Professional\LIBRARY
• Let's open this Library folder and have a look at our Vibration Sensor Library files. Here's the screenshot:

• You can see our Vibration Sensor Library Files in the above image, I have encircled them as well. :P

Step3: Simulate Proteus Library

• After adding Proteus Library Files, open Proteus software or restart it(if it's already open).
• In the components database, search for Vibration Sensor & you will get results, as shown in the below figure:

• Place it in your workspace and you are now ready to simulate it in Proteus.
• Here's a working simulation of the vibration sensor in Proteus:

Note:

• Sometimes, it happens that the Library folder is hidden, so if you are unable to find the Proteus Library folder then check your hidden folders too.

So, that was all for today. I hope now you can quite easily add new Library in Proteus 8. If you have any questions, then ask in comments. I will try to help you out. :)

Why You Should Consider Outsourcing Software Development

Whether you are a start-up undergoing its teething phase or a fully fledged established entity that has its own IT department to cater to IT needs, there will be a point when you will need to develop software to cater to your business needs. When it comes to software development, many organizations find themselves debating a make or buy decision.  Outsourcing has been very common among business organizations in the recent past. This is mainly attributed to the effects of globalization and the advancements in the Internet and Communication technologies which has helped in bringing the world closer together. Although many large corporations have admitted the benefits of outsourcing partial or complete business operations to other parts of the world, many smaller companies are still reluctant to do that especially when it comes to software development. Some companies prefer to have their own in-house IT department take care of the development. The primary reason why most entrepreneurs and organizations feel uncomfortable with getting the software developed from elsewhere is that of the risk of losing confidential data. That being said, firms need to understand that they are operating in a competitive environment where competitive advantage is the key to success. This is why the benefits of outsourcing software development easily overshadow the cons. Here are a few reasons why you should hire a professional software development company to cater to the software needs of your business rather than doing it on your own.

Saves Your Cost

If you are a profit-maximizing business looking for attaining competitive advantage, cost-cutting should be your primary focus. Many firms avoid outsourcing because they feel that it would incur an additional cost to get it done by a third party. Contrary to this opinion, if you are going to get the software developed in-house, there is a high chance that you will have to recruit new resources to take care of that responsibility because your existent team might not have the capacity or competence to do so. This means incurring additional costs. Even if you somehow manage to find a good resource, there is no guarantee that your new team will be able to pull off an effective product. When you outsource to a software development company, you know that it is already an established entity that specializes in doing that kind of jobs and knows exactly what is required. Their cost of developing the same software is likely to be much lower than what you are likely to spend if you do it on your own. Furthermore, the product that you will get will be much more reliable.

Saves Your Time

Time is a very important resource in the business world and you cannot afford to waste it. Unfortunately, when you take up new projects that you are not accustomed to, such as developing a software, it is likely to get you more time than the usual to get it done because your team will be new to this and will require some time to get the hang of it. A company that has already been developing software and already has systems and teams in place will not have to develop any new systems. In fact, they will just have to process the order and finish and deliver it. This will save you a lot of time and hassle and you will get a ready, tested software on your deadline.

Lack of Experience within Company

Some organization argue why they should go to a third party software company when they have an IT department in-house. It needs to be understood that IT is a broad field and while the company's existing IT department might be competent enough to handle routine issues such as networking and hardware problems, they might not have the right experience that is required for software development. Professional software houses have software development as their main focus and therefore, they already have experienced teams in the board which work on numerous software for various clients every day. This enables them to have an in-depth experience and makes them competent enough to cater to your software needs. Moreover, a professional company might even be able to give you a consultation about the design and functionality of your software.

Benefit from Technological Advancements

Just as individuals and organizations specialize in certain areas, regions and countries specialize in certain sectors too. Some regions and countries are more technologically advanced and have better technological resource than the other. Even if you have a plan to hire the best IT professionals that are available in your region, you might still not be able to compete with the technological genius that is found in abundance in another region. Since software outsourcing also involves very economical logistical cost, it would be much wiser to get your software developed by a professional in India or Singapore rather than getting it done in your own hometown. This will allow you to benefit from the technological prowess of the other region and that too at a reasonable cost.  

Introduction to 2n5551

Hi Fellas! I hope you all are doing great and having fun with your lives. We always strive to give you quality work that resonates with your needs and allows you to come back again and again. I am back to give you a daily dose of useful information so you can excel and grow in your relevant field. Today, I am going to discuss the details on the Introduction to 2n5551. It is an NPN (negative-positive-negative) bipolar junction transistor BJT which is mainly designed for gas discharge display drivers and general purpose amplification. I'll try to cover each and every aspect related to this transistor so you don't need to go anywhere and you find all information in one place. You can also have a look at Introduction to 2n5401 which is a complementary PNP transistor of this NPN 2n5551 transistor. Let's dive in and explore what is it about and what are its main applications?

Introduction to 2n5551

• 2n5551 is an NPN bipolar junction transistor which is mainly used for general purpose amplification and gas discharge display drivers.
• It consists of three terminals known as the emitter, base, and collector and comes in a TO-92 package.
• Unlike FETs, this NPN transistor is a current controlled device where small current at the base side is used to control large current at the emitter and collector side.
• As it is an NPN transistor so the base will be positive with respect to the emitter.
• It features high breakdown voltage, low leakage current, capacity and beta value which are very useful over a wide range of current.

• Movement of electron plays an important role in defining the conducting nature of any transistor. This NPN transistor is known as BJT (bipolar junction transistor) because conduction is carried out by both electrons and holes but majority charge carriers are electrons.
• Whenever a voltage is applied at the base, it gets biased and controls the current at the emitter and collector side.
• The emitter emits the electrons which are collected by the collector. A base is used to control the number of electrons.
• The ability of the base to control the number of electrons is used for amplification purpose.

2n5551 Pinout

2n5551 is an NPN transistor, also known as a current controlled device which contains three terminals as follow. 1. Emitter 2. Base 3. Collector

• It is different than JFET which is a unipolar transistor, also known as a voltage controlled device.
• Transistor action is triggered when a voltage is applied at the base side which allows the free movement of electrons.
• Movement of free electrons is nothing but a bridge between emitter and collector.

Circuit Diagram of 2n5551

The circuit diagram of 2n5551 is shown in the figure below.

• The emitter current is equal to the sum of collector and base current.
• The voltage at the base side must be positive with respect to the emitter for current flow from emitter to collector.
• Forward current gain is an important factor in determining the characteristics of this transistor. It is called Beta and represented by ß. It is a ratio between collector current to the base current. As it is a ratio between two current so it exhibits no unit.
• Beta value is also known as amplification factor which determines the value of current being amplified.
• Beta value ranges between 20 to 1000 but it comes with a standard value of 200.
• The current gain of the transistor is another important factor which is called alpha and represented by a. It is a ratio between collector current and emitter current. Alpha value ranges between 0.95 to 0.99 but most of the time its value is taken as unity.
• The NPN transistor mainly consists of two diodes combined back to back.

Absolute Maximum Ratings

Following figure shows the absolute maximum ratings of 2n5551.

• Collector-Emitter and Collector-Base voltages are 160 and 180 respectively.
• And maximum power it can dissipate is 630 mW.
• These are the stress ratings which if exceeded from absolute maximum ratings, can damage the device at large.
• Similarly, if stresses are applied for an extended period of time, they can affect the overall reliability of the device.

Difference between NPN and PNP Transistors

• The main difference between these two transistors is the type of charge carrier.
• Electrons are main charge carriers in case of NPN transistors while holes are main charge carriers in case of PNP transistors.
• Most of the experts prefer NPN transistors for most of the applications because they consider conduction through electrons is better than conduction through holes.

Applications

• 2n5551 comes with high breakdown voltage and is mainly used in gas discharge display drivers.
• General purpose amplification is another feature of this NPN transistor which makes it an ideal choice for most of the professionals.

That's all for today. I hope you have found this article useful. However, if you have any question you can ask me in the comment section below. I'd love to guide you according to best of my expertise. We really appreciate if you keep us updated with your feedback and suggestions, they allow us to give you quality work. Thanks very much for reading the article. Stay Tuned!

This Is Why You're Unsafe Without A Password Manager

Lots of people have really bad password habits. This is not because they haven't been educated on how to choose a good password. Every new account gives you a number of requirements to adhere to their passwords standards, after all. Yet, having different, difficult passwords for every single account is almost impossible. It’s easier to hope for the best and use variations on the same password you've been using for all your accounts for the past twenty years. But there's a piece of software that you can use to solve your password problems. A password manager offers more than just safe storage for your passwords – good browsers do that anyway. You can choose a password manager based on Bestonlinereviews. Here is why you need one.

It creates your passwords

No matter how hard you try to create a good password, you're going to get stumped at some point. And, despite your best efforts, your results won’t be as good as they can be. A password manager saves you the trouble, creating the most secure passwords for you without you ever even having to see what they are. Not only does this take some stress out of your life, but it also improves your online security. No matter how many accounts you'll have, none of them will have the same password or even a variation on the same theme.

Your keyboard can be hacked

A lot of people believe that it’s better to type their password every time rather than saving them somewhere. But that belief is flawed, as one of the best ways to get a password is by hacking a person’s keyboard. Because of this, the more often you type your password the more likely it is to be stolen.

We can all fall prey to scams

As much as I hate to admit it, I’ve fallen prey to more than one phishing scam. These are scams that take you to a website that looks like something you know (Twitter, Facebook, etc.) and asks you to enter your username and password. Of course, once you’ve done so, you've given your details directly to scammers. Password managers take the power to self-destruct away from us. They won’t input our passwords without verifying that the sites we’re using are the real thing. We can’t enter the password ourselves, as we never knew it to begin with.

Our passwords should change often

When was the last time you changed a password? Probably when you forgot the password for an account you hadn’t used in a while. Changing passwords is work that none of us have time for. Password managers, however, have time for it. You can set them to change your passwords on a regular basis. You don’t even have to know about it. Changing passwords prevents software from having enough time to decipher them in the first place. A password manager is a must in this day and age. Don’t put your most personal information in the hands of your shaky memory!

3 iOS Apps Every iPhone User Needs In 2018

When we continue using the same smartphone brand for years on end, we tend to get stuck in habits. This is especially true regarding the apps we use. Most people reading this are using the same apps in 2018 that they were using in 2015. There’s nothing wrong with that. Certain apps are incredibly useful, and they continue updating with added features and functionality. For the most part, you probably have everything you need. But you're also missing out on some apps which will make your smartphone experience much better. To get you started, here are 3 of the best iPhone apps available in 2018.

1. Gboard

Google’s search app has been improving through the years, and if you remember it as nothing more than a gratuitous platform to search with instead of a browser, you're in for a surprise. But it’s a related app (or feature that comes with the app) that you may not realize you need. Gboard, Google’s keyboard, is far better than any other 3rd party app, and a lot more useful than iOS’s own keyboard. Gboard has capabilities of “swiping” rather than typing and has easy access to emojis without changing your keyboard. Those are basic features on a 3rd party keyboard, and Gboard goes much further. Searching through emojis and gifs can be done within the keyboard. Before you've typed a word, you're given the option to start with one of the two. Then there’s the search function itself, allowing you to search for anything from the answer to a question to a good place to eat, and send the results straight to the person you're texting. Get the app and play around with it, and I guarantee it will become your number 1 keyboard.

2. ExpressVPN

Whether you know it or not, you've needed a VPN for the past few years. A VPN keeps you safe from hackers and surveillance, while giving you access to content from other countries. I recently switched to ExpressVPN, and was quite surprised to find out I’d been settling for an option that was less than perfect. ExpressVPN is the best VPN for iPhone for a number of reasons. It makes it easy to connect either from the app or straight from settings. It lets you switch easily between servers in many different countries. It will also stop your phone from connecting to websites if the VPN sleeps, and will connect again when you pick up your phone. It also works with the Netflix app, which my old VPN did not do. You'll need to buy a subscription, but their prices are low, and it will cover 3 devices simultaneously.

3. Google Photos

As a confirmed Apple fan, I’m as surprised as you are that 2 out of 3 apps here are made by Google. The fact is, Google’s iPhone apps can give you the best of both worlds. Google photos does a lot more than Apple’s native app. The lens feature, just introduced for iOS, lets you search for anything you've taken a photo of. In the past week, I’ve used this feature to identify a type of tree, as well as to get the Korean text from a mug at a coffee shop which I then translated to English. Google Photos has other cool features. It will take your photos and offer to turn them into collages, animations, movies, and panoramas. Yes, it actually detects photos of one setting and stitches them together to create panoramas better than you'd be able to using the feature on the camera. It is a wonderful app to have, whether you're a regular Instagrammer or just like to screenshot memes.

A Tour to JLCPCB - Fabrication House

Demand of PCB is on the rise in recent electronics where devices are becoming more compact and composed. PCB came into spotlight a while ago and made a renowned name in the development of advance technology within few years. Recent PCBs used in many electronics allow you to get rid of most conventional ways of connecting different components on the boards. Poor fabrication and board design can scare the hell out of your customers and severely effect your overall reputation in the market. Taking proper measurements and following ideal protocols can help you save bunch of time in the early stages of a project. What company you choose for fabricating your PCB widely impacts the overall nature and quality of your project. These are many fabrications houses out there but only few actually deliver what they truly promise, JLCPCB is one of them.

A Quick Review about JLCPCB

JLCPCB turns out to be an ideal choice for meeting  your needs and expectations when it comes to providing quality product. They don't brag about their skills and ability to fabricate an accurate PCB, but their excellence does. Customer satisfaction is their first priority rather than achieving financial goals Getting new customers is not a big deal unless you have an ability to retain your previous customers which JLCPCB truly understands and provides flawless customer service, allowing customers keep coming back for what they have to offer. There are many reasons you must prefer JLCPCB but I can cover few of them including flawless customer service, quality product, delivery assurance, and affordable price. Every company comes with drawbacks and limitations but what matter is how nicely they handle the problems and queries of the customers and provide a definite solution that resonates with customer's needs and expectations. JLCPCB comes with skilled professionals who exactly know what they do and are proficient in their craft. This is the reason almost 200,000 customers around the world prefer them over others. Your brand is all about trust and reputation that you get from the regular customers by meeting their demands and pushing the limits of the work place that provides flawless service. Whatever company you pick for PCB fabrication, just go through a quick review about the company that makes your decision process easy and helps you avoid the remaking of PCB  in the later stages of your project. Every kind of PCB can be fabricated in their house ranging from single layer to double layer to multilayer to aluminum backed to high frequency PCBs. You can see above diagram in which number of layer, material used, delivery time, everything is mentioned with price.

How PCBs are Fabricated?

Some terms are essential to know for your better understanding JLCPCB uses for fabricating a simple board. A simple PCB is composed of different layers and each layer comes with its own specific function. These layers are joined together with the help of adhesive and heat which incorporate a single board capable of connecting different components electrically. The base material is composed of fiber glass and FR4 is the most common fiber glass used in recent times. However, phenolics and epoxies are also used but they are not as durable as FR4. There resides a copper layer on the substrate. Heat and adhesives are used to laminate copper layer on the substrate. Some boards come with copper layers on both side of the board, however, it depends which type of board you intend to fabricate. Single layer PCB have copper tracks on one side of the board while double layer PCB comes with tracks on both side of the board. Multilayer PCB comes with a combination of single sided and double sided PCB, where multiple layers are joined together to connect components on the board. Soldermask layer resides over a copper layer which is used to insulate copper tracks in order to avoid any conduction in case any direct contact happens with some metal. Silkscreen layer exists on the top of all layers which is used to print symbols or numbers on the board that give better understanding of the board.

Through Hole and Surface Mount Technology

PCBs are fabricated using two technologies i.e Through Hole Technology and Surface Mount Technology. Using through hole technology they fabricate a PCB that comes with accurate hole, you can see from the diagram below, where vias are accurate and precise. Leads are used to pass through the holes which are then soldered on the other side of the board. In the Surface Mount Technology, PCB is fabricated in such a way where components are directly placed on the surface of the board. You can make use of any technology based on your needs and requirements.

Quality Assurance

What I like most about JLCPCB, they don't compromise on quality no matter how many PCB pieces you intend to fabricate. Advanced production lines are installed in their fabricating house that results in precise and an accurate board. PCBs are 100% AOI tested and fabricated using A level boards material.

Advanced Tracking System

Getting a quote is very easy and hassle free, you just need to upload gerber file in order to get instant quote. You don't need to worry about the status of your order, as they come with advanced ERP system that allows you to keep the track record of order processing status, setting you free from the fabricating process and allows you to keep focus on more preferable tasks like designing or other processes that make the PCB suitable for installing in the electronic project.

Quick Follow Up

Managing 8000 online orders daily seems like a hectic task but they come with a skilled staff that handles these orders very beautifully and keeps customers engage with regular follow up in the whole process of fabricating PCB.

Economical Price

JLCPCB keeps an eye on the fabricating cost and provides an effective solution to your needs in an affordable price. Based on my personal experience, I'd highly recommend JLCPCB house for fabricating your PCB. They will provide best experience as they believe in maintaining a long lasting relationship with the customers by providing flawless service. That's all about review. I hope you have got a clear idea about this company and why you should prefer them over others. However, if still you feel skeptical or have any question, you can ask me in the comment section below, I'd love to guide you according to best of my expertise. Thanks for reading the article. Stay Tuned!