What are Y-Type Strainers?
Y Type Strainers are devices used to separate unwanted solid particles from gas, liquid or steam flowing in a pipe. They derive their name from their shape. The Y-type strainer is commonly applied in pressurized fluid lines as well as in vacuums and suction conditions. It is used where small solid particles are expected within the fluid and there is a less frequent clean out. They make use of a filtering element which is basically a perforated wire mesh. In instances where the material to be cleaned out from the flow is small hence long duration before screen cleaning, the line is shut down and the strainer cap removed to allow for manual cleaning of the strainer screen. In applications with high dirt density, a blowing system is fitted so that the screen can be cleaned without the need to remove it from the strainer.
Technical Specifications of Y-Type Strainers
The technical specifications of the Y-type strainers vary according to the chemical composition of the fluid it will be handling. The material of the housing could be carbon steel or stainless steel.
Carbon steel Y strainers are suitable for the transmission of oil and petrochemicals since it is resilient to mechanical and thermal shock. Stainless steel Y strainers are best suited for applications in which high resistance to corrosion is required. They are mainly applied to the pharmaceutical, food and chemical industries. Other materials are also available for the housing as well as coating. It also consists of a filter element whose material coincides with that of the housing. For instance, a Y-type strainer with carbon steel housing material has a filter element made of carbon steel. The end connection could be either flanged or threaded. The type to choose depends on the application intended. The flanged end connection is made as per one's request. The threaded end connection could be either NPT or BSP. The sizes available range from 0.5-inch to line size to 24-inch line size. Higher sizes can be made on request. The size chosen also depends on the application and the volume of fluid involved. The filtration rating also varies from 1 micron to 1000 microns. The pressure rating runs up to 100 PSI. Strainers with a higher-pressure rating can be made on request.
Applications of Y-type Strainers
In permanent applications, the Y-type strainer is the most appropriate and common. It works well in mounting horizontal and vertical pipelines. The strainer has a wide range of applications of fluid straining to protect equipment within the pipeline. If left unprotected, the pipeline would most likely end up being clogged. The applications include:
- Regulator and valve protection.
- Steam traps protection.
- Flow meter protection.
- pump protection
- Heat exchanger and refrigerating set protection.
- Protection of Instrumentation and ancillary piping item.
For all these applications the Y strainer is seen as the most appropriate. Its shape and compactness make it ideal for handling high-pressure conditions. There are Y- strainers that can handle pressures of up to 6000 PSI but they are uncommon. They are only made and applied under very extreme pressure conditions. Apart from the standard sizes and other specifications made for standard applications, the Y strainers can also be tailor-made for particular extreme conditions. In each application, the Y strainer has to be able to handle any anticipated stress without strain. Most applications of the Y strainer involve gases and liquids. There are those that are applied to handle steam. High-pressure steam changes some the dynamics of fluid flow as a result of the temperature factor. For instance, steam at a pressure of 1500 PSI will have a temperature that is above 10000 F. Carbon steel cannot handle such high temperatures and chrome moly steel is the ideal material to be used to construct a Y strainer for application in such a case. In comparison, air and natural gas applications are characteristic of very high pressures. The high pressure does not translate to high pressures in these cases and hence Y strainers made of carbon steel are ideal. The high pressures, however, require the material to be of sufficient thickness.
Advantages of Using Y-type Strainers
Using a Y strainer is a cost-effective method of straining in fluid transmission through pipelines. The Y strainers are advantageous in that they can be installed either vertically or horizontally. Other types of strainers do not have this allowance. Regardless of whether the strainer has been installed horizontally or vertically, the filtering element should be on the downstream end so that the unwanted material can be effectively collected. It is paramount to ensure that the Y strainer used is of the correct size and thickness. Some manufacture may try to reduce the size or thickness of a particular strainer to save on material. An undersized strainer may cause havoc if installed for an application it cannot handle.
Heart Beat Monitor using Arduino in Proteus
Hello friends, I hope you all are doing great and having fun in your lives. In today's tutorial, we are gonna design a Heart Beat Monitor using Arduino in Proteus ISIS. You should download this
Heart Beat Sensor Library V2.0 for Proteus because we are gonna use that to detect heart beat in Proteus.
I have also used a 20x4 LCD which will display our heart rate value. You should download this
New LCD Library for Proteus. I have counted the heart beat for ten seconds and then I have multiplied it with 6 to get the heartbeat per minute which is abbreviated as bpm (beats per minute). So, let's get started with Heart Beat Monitor using Arduino in Proteus ISIS.
| Where To Buy? |
|---|
| No. | Components | Distributor | Link To Buy |
| 1 | LCD 20x4 | Amazon | Buy Now |
| 2 | Arduino Uno | Amazon | Buy Now |
Heart Beat Monitor using Arduino in Proteus
- First of all, click the below button to download this complete Proteus simulation & Arduino code for Heart Beat Monitor:
Heart Beat Monitor using Arduino in Proteus
Proteus Simulation of Heart Rate Monitor
- Now let's have a look at How we have designed this simulation and How it works.
- So, design a simple circuit in Proteus as shown in the below figure:
- As you can see in the above figure, we have our Arduino UNO board along with LCD and Heart Beat Sensor.
- There's also a Button attached to Pin # 2, so when we press this button our Arduino will start counting the Heart Beat and will update it on the LCD.
Now let's have a look at the programming code for Heart Rate Monitor:
Arduino Code for Heart Rate Monitor
- Here's the code which I have used for this Heart Beat Monitor using Arduino:
#include <LiquidCrystal.h>
#include <TimerOne.h>
LiquidCrystal lcd(13, 12, 11, 10, 9, 8);
int HBSensor = 4;
int HBCount = 0;
int HBCheck = 0;
int TimeinSec = 0;
int HBperMin = 0;
int HBStart = 2;
int HBStartCheck = 0;
void setup() {
// put your setup code here, to run once:
lcd.begin(20, 4);
pinMode(HBSensor, INPUT);
pinMode(HBStart, INPUT_PULLUP);
Timer1.initialize(800000);
Timer1.attachInterrupt( timerIsr );
lcd.clear();
lcd.setCursor(0,0);
lcd.print("Current HB : ");
lcd.setCursor(0,1);
lcd.print("Time in Sec : ");
lcd.setCursor(0,2);
lcd.print("HB per Min : 0.0");
}
void loop() {
if(digitalRead(HBStart) == LOW){lcd.setCursor(0,3);lcd.print("HB Counting ..");HBStartCheck = 1;}
if(HBStartCheck == 1)
{
if((digitalRead(HBSensor) == HIGH) && (HBCheck == 0))
{
HBCount = HBCount + 1;
HBCheck = 1;
lcd.setCursor(14,0);
lcd.print(HBCount);
lcd.print(" ");
}
if((digitalRead(HBSensor) == LOW) && (HBCheck == 1))
{
HBCheck = 0;
}
if(TimeinSec == 10)
{
HBperMin = HBCount * 6;
HBStartCheck = 0;
lcd.setCursor(14,2);
lcd.print(HBperMin);
lcd.print(" ");
lcd.setCursor(0,3);
lcd.print("Press Button again.");
HBCount = 0;
TimeinSec = 0;
}
}
}
void timerIsr()
{
if(HBStartCheck == 1)
{
TimeinSec = TimeinSec + 1;
lcd.setCursor(14,1);
lcd.print(TimeinSec);
lcd.print(" ");
}
}
- In this code, I have used a TimerOne Library which creates an interrupt after every 1sec.
- On each interrupt, it executes timerIsr() function, in which I have placed a check that whenever this interrupt will call we will increment TimeinSec variable.
- So, when TimeinSec will become equal to 10 then I am simply multiplying it with 6 and updating it on the LCD.
- So, use the above code and get your Hex File from Arduino Software and update it in your Proteus Simulation.
Simulating Heart Rate Monitor
- Now run your Proteus Simulation and you will get something as shown in the below figure:
- Now click this HB button and it will start counting the HB as well as will count the Time in seconds.
- After ten seconds it will multiply the current heart rate with six and will give the Heart Beat Per Minute.
- Here's a final image of the result:
- You can change the value of Heart Beat from the variable resistor connected with Heart Beat Sensor.
- Let's change the value of variable resistance connected to Heart Beat sensor, and have a look at the results.
- You have to press the button again in order to get the value.
- Here's the screenshot of the results obtained:
- So, now the heart is beating a little faster and we have got 108 bpm.
- If you run this simulation then you will notice that the second is quite slow which I think is because of Proteus.
- I have tested this code on hardware and it worked perfectly fine, although you need to change heart beat sensor's values in coding.
- Here's the video in which I have explained the working of this Heart Rate Monitor Simulation in detail.
So, that was all about Heart Beat Monitor using Arduino in Proteus ISIS. I hope you have enjoyed it and will get something out of it. Have a good day. :)