The Engineering Projects

A Tour to NextPCB – Fabrication House

Hello everyone, I hope you all are doing great. In today's tutorial, we will have a look at another competitive Fabrication House named NextPCB. Recently, I was working on a project, where I need to design some PCBs and this time, I thought of trying NextPCB. If anyone ask me, about my experience with NEXTPCB in one word, then I would say splendid !!! So, let's have a look at why we should select NEXTPCB for our next PCB order:

Quick Review about NextPCB

• NextPCB, based in China, is working in PCB manufacturing field for 15 years.
• They not only design single PCB, but also fabricate PCB Assembly & PCB Stencil.
• NextPCB manufacturing materials are certified by IATF 16949, ISO9001, ISO14001, UL, RoHS and REACH.

• They work on all types of PCBs i.e. single layer, double layer, multi-layer, through-hole, surface mount etc.
• They are following modern techniques and are thus proved quite innovative in PCB assembling.
• They provide a quick delivery response as fast as 24 hours.
• They provide a dedicated 24/7 customer service, and you can also use online chat on their official website.
• They have a great Quality assurance team, which makes sure that your product has all quality testing approvals.
• Their no order size restriction i.e. you can order single PCB or can design hundreds.
• They have a user friendly website, which is quite handy as it has a lot of features i.e.
  • You can calculate your final price.
  • You can easily order PCBs and can also track them.
  • Can you customer support.
• Currently, there's a sale running on their site i.e. You can order 10 pieces of 4-layer PCB for $12.

NextPCB Price Packages

• On their website, they currently have four packages available, which are:
  • Price: $12 for 10 pieces of 4-Layer PCB.
  • Trial PCB Order is free of cost, you can order 5-10 pieces of 1-2 layer PCBs. (It's the best one)
  • Price: $4.5 for 10 pcs of 2-Layer PCB.
  • Price: $28 for 10 pcs of PCB Assembly Trial.

NextPCB Instant Quote

• I have found this calculator on its official site titled PCB Instant Quote, which is really helpful that's why mentioning here.
• Using this calculator, you can get the final instant quote of your order.
• It's rich with features so you can add all your requirements in it and then calculate the final cost.
• They have provided this calculator for single PCB, PCB Assembly & PCB Stencil, as shown in below figure:

NextPCB PCB Assembly Capabilities

• NextPCB provides competitive price with PCB Assembly Service.
• NextPCB uses AOI & X-Ray testing to guarantee the quality of assembly project.
• NextPCB is capable of small production and mass production for PCB Assembly, which start from 5 pieces.
• They provide fast delivery with DHL.
• Few of it's PCB capabilities are as follows:
  • PCBs with up to 16 layers
  • Min.Trace/Space 3.5mil(3.5mil)
  • PCB Materials Fr-4, Aluminum, Rogers, Arlon, Polyamide
  • Qty req 5-1000+
  • PCB Max. Dimension 510*590mm
  • Board Thickness 0.6-2.5mm
  • Dimension Tolerance ±0.2mm
  • Min. hole size 0.2mm
  • Outer Copper Weight 35um/70um/105um
  • Inner Copper Weight 0.5OZ/1OZ
• Please have a look at the below table, for few more features:

Why NextPCB ?

We have discussed almost everything about NextPCB i.e. what they offer, what are there packages and whether they have the capabilities to handle bulk orders. So, now let's have a look at why we should select NextPCB:

• As it's a fabrication house so they can provide you both simple PCBs or complete PCB assembly.
• Their manufacturing materials are highly certified, as I mentioned in the start, thus they offer various verification methods i.e.
  • X-Ray.
  • In-Circuit.
  • Optical.
  • Visual.
  • Functional.
• They have a team of professional engineers, who performs all these testings on your PCB or PCBA and thus provides you the best result.

I hope I have provided a detailed overview of NextPCB, and now you must have the idea why I am so impressed by their services. So, that was all for today, will meet you guys in next tutorial. Take care !!!

Top PCB Designing Software in 2020

Hello friends, I hope you all are doing great. In today’s tutorial, we will have a look at Top PCB Designing Software in 2020. The printed circuit board has become very common to us from your handheld device like mobile to GPS (global positioning system) this circuit board is used. There are many types of the printed circuit board, that used in different electronic and engineering projects according to their specifications. Due to the general use of this circuitry board, there are many software has been developed for designing of PCB. These software provide different features and designing techniques for printed circuit board production. In today's post, we will have a look at different PCB designing software and features and related parameters. So let's get started with Top PCB Designing Software in 2020.

Top PCB Designing Software in 2020

• There are numerous designing software available in the market to design and construct PCB. These software provider companies offer different techniques for PCB and customer can also give information according to their requirements.

• According to your circuit requirements for which you are using PCB, the circuit board can be constructed like single layer, double layer, etc.
• These are some PCB designing software are listed here.
  • Allegro Cadence
  • PADS
  • OrCAD
  • Kicad
  • Altium Designer
• Let's discuss these software with details and discuss their features, advantages, and disadvantages.

PCBWay

• PCBWay is very cost-effective and high-quality PCB manufacturer, its headquarter is located in china.

• The main thing that attracts me to use the services of this manufacturer is, it provides PCB prototyping, less volume production and PCBA all in one package.
• Nowadays there are many engineers, industries and students are using PCB in their projects manufactured by the PCBway I am also one of them. You can see in a given figure the PCB that I purchased from PCBWay.

• I am impressed with the quality of the boards, the delivery time and response to all my questions. Best price excellent service and speedy delivery. When I need another board I will certainly use this supplier.
• PCBWay strives to be the easiest manufacturer for you to work with. PCBWay – PCB Prototype the Easy Way!
• The main products provided by the PCBWay are HDMI, Server board, lift CPU Main control board, punch CPU,

  Industrial Motherboard, Lenovo, DSP board, GPRS Communication Products, wifi Module.

Allegro Cadence

• This PCB designing software provides a lot of features for the printed circuit board construction. This software has a lot of units that are linked to one another.
• Every unit sport the operation of other unit operation, in simple words working of every part, rely on other parts.
• This software is not good to observe the hardware execution needs. But can operate well in if used in different machines with the five hundred twelve megabytes random access memory.

• If your personal computer or that you using for your work is a single option than the Allegro is the finest option for your computer.

Advantages

• These are some benefits of Allegro Cadence software.
• It is the best choice for less execution hardware.
• This software is used to solve the complicated projects designed on PCB.
• It is used for such projects that use large no of components.
• It also offers compatible management environment.
• For auto-routing of arbitrary signals, it offers router technology

Disadvantages

• Its one drawback is that its operation is complicated and require special arrangements for operation.

 PADS

• One of the cheapest and easily available printed circuit board designing software is Pads.
• It is the best option for such technicians and designer that run their small company on their behalf and for a group of some designers.
• The main thing is that almost all small organization use this designing software for the PCB, due its less cost.

Advantages

• These are some advantages of Pads software.
• Its price is very less as compared to other designing software.
• Its installation and usage are also very easy.

• In operation is very simple you can easily lean it
• If we compare with other less cost designing software then it will be the best solution for you.

Disadvantages

• Its drawback is that it is not good for multiple layers of circuit boards.

OrCAD

• This software offers fundamental functions and capacities required for the designing of different printed circuit board projects.
• But such projects that have large dimensions and complicated design not use this software.
• The standards of this software offer complete functions for the uncomplicated circuit boards without particular conditions for placing speed signals or differential pairs.
• The main feature this software provides is that complicated higher operating speed printed circuit board cand be manufactured without any separate functions.

Advantage

• These are some advantage of this software.
• The installation and uses of this software are very simple.
• It offers a favourable user interface.

Disadvantage

• It is not helpful for complicated and large sizer projects.

Kicad Software

• This software is used C++ language for its operation. This software has numerous tools and services for designing the printed circuit board.
• This software also consists of various libraries that have many electronic components.
• This software has the ability to uses these electronic components to make three-dimensional models.
• By using this software you can design different dimensions of circuits according to your requirements.
• It also provides a feature to vary the design of a circuit at any point from start to end.
• Its quality is less than more advanced or paid software but still enough that we can easily understand it, but the three-dimensional formats like .iges and * .step  are not supported by this software.
• By providing different features it has some difficulties like it is difficult to understand and need special documentation for learning.

Advantages

• These are some advantages of this software.
• it is the best option for less performance hardware.
• It provides the edit options for designing.
• It is free software.
• In this software, we can construct our design in three dimensions way.

Disadvantages

• These are some drawback of this software.
• It is not good for complicated designing.
• it provides a non-friendly user interface.

Altium Designer (PROTEL)

• This printed circuit board software is the oldest designing software, using from almost the last thirty years.
• This software with time become etalons different electronic designing tools and provides different features to other manufacturers.
• Nowadays this software providing a more advanced solution known as Altium Designer. Having older features it also providing new features to customers.
• Many engineering universities teaching about this software, how to use it and its practical implementation.

Advantages

• These are some advantages of this software.
• It is the best software for single and double layer PCB boards.
• Its operation is high speed.

Disadvantage

• The use of this software for such PCB that has more than four layers.

That's all about Top PCB Designing Software in 2020 if have mentioned each and everything related to this article. If you have any question ask in comments. Thanks for reading.

3 Engineering Gadgets To Invest In This Year

Hello friends, I hope you all are doing great. In today's tutorial, we will have a look at 3 Engineering Gadgets To Invest In This Year. At present, there are more than 1.6 million engineers employed in the USA, according to the U.S.  Bureau of Labor Statistics. As we become increasingly reliant on technology, engineers will become progressively more important, and more students will study towards a suitable qualification. Although the engineering field is immensely diverse, there is one thing that every engineer is in need of – a set of useful tools and gadgets to help them solve problems, create prototypes, create advanced technologies, and even explore new worlds. Here is a closer look at three  engineering gadgets well worth investing in this year.

Flexible borescopes are surprisingly versatile

A flexible borescope gives an engineer  visual access to remote areas that are normally unreachable by both hand and eye. They are ideal for troubleshooting problems before spending unnecessary time (and money) on opening up a machine or engine. At present, some of the most common borescope applications include aircraft turbines, large diesel engines, wind turbines, bearings and gearboxes, heat exchangers and boilers, and electronic assemblies. Rigid borescopes are also being increasingly used in arms manufacturing, quality assurance inspections, and routine maintenance inspections, making them the perfect addition to any engineering toolkit. While the market is slowly becoming inundated with a range of borescope brands, it is essential to not part with any money unless you have conducted sufficient research into the various makes and models available and what each brings to the table. Flexible borescopes can have a price tag of anywhere between $100 and $60,000, all depending on their features and durability.

Pocket oscilloscopes are ideal for engineers on the go

Although benchtop oscilloscopes feature in most engineering labs, an increasing number of engineers and engineering students are embracing the value of a portable tool. Portable oscilloscopes are typically equipped with built-in batteries that eliminate the need of an external power supply. They are, obviously, a lot smaller than their desktop counterparts, making them the tool of choice for the engineer on the go. When looking for a quality pocket oscilloscope, seek out one that is not only sturdy but boasts a varied range of features as well. Apart from responding exceptionally well to touch and taking precise measurements, an investment-worthy device will also boast various menus and measurement modes, despite often being as  small as a deck of cards. Pocket oscilloscopes typically retail for anywhere between $100 and $1,000.

3D printers brought on a sea of change

3D printers are still considered to be one of the most innovative pieces of engineering equipment available today, despite dating back all the way to 1983. Despite being in existence for nearly 40 years, these printers remain somewhat of a novelty to many. For engineers, however, 3D printers have become a staple tool that enables them to create models, prototypes, and various products out of materials including metal and plastic. Prior to the wide-spread use of this technology, engineers often had great difficulty conveying the potential of their product design to potential clients. While industrial 3D printers are being used increasingly in manufacturing centers, smaller desk-top printers are ideal for in-office or at-home use. Regardless of the branch of engineering you are involved in, you will be in need of a range of tools. Having the right tools on hand will not only make your job easier, but will also allow you to develop your skills on an ongoing basis.

PCB vs Breadboard

Hello friends, I hope you all are doing great. In today’s tutorial, we will have a look at PCB vs Breadboard. For the production of electronic engineering projects and electric circuits, numerous circuit board are used but the most common are PCB (printed circuit board) and breadboard. In printed circuit board there are different conductive layers of copper are designed for the construction of different circuits. Base material that also named as a substrate is created with the epoxy resin or fibreglass. Copper layers are designed on this substrate material and symbols of different components are also drawn on this for so easily circuit can be constructed. While in breadboard arrangments like PCB are not exists, and no permanent circuit can be made on it. The main benefit of the breadboard is that it can also be used for other circuits. But in PCB it is difficult to make it reusable. The breadboard name is given to this board due to its bread-like structure. In today's post, we will have a look at PCB and breadboard with the detailed and compare their different parameters. So let's get started with PCB vs Breadboard.

PCB vs Breadboard

What is PCB?

• PCB stands for printed circuit board this circuitry board is used in different electronic projects, devices like mobile, computer, etc.
• This board has many types like single-sided PCB, double-sided PCB, multilayer PCB, according to requirements of project and circuits.

• This circuitry board is manufactured with the fibreglass, a resultant module is known as a base on which different layers of copper are made to create circuits.
• Different electronic components symbols like a capacitor, resistance, ICs, etc are designed on these conductive layers do make a connection.
• The printed circuit board is used in different medical instruments like an X-ray machine, computed tomography, etc.

PCBWay

• PCBWay provides less cost and high quality printed circuit board. The headquarter of this famous PCB manufacturer is located in China but its services available all over the world.

• Its most important features that urge me to use the services of this PCB manufacturer are, it provides PCB prototyping, less volume production and PCBA all in one packaging.
• Almost every technician, an engineering student, electrical and electronic industries using PCB board manufactured by this PCB producer. You can see in a given figure the PCB that I purchased from PCBWay.

• I am impressed with the quality of the boards, the delivery time and response to all my questions. Best price excellent service and speedy delivery. When I need another board I will certainly use this supplier.
• PCBWay strives to be the easiest manufacturer for you to work with. PCBWay – PCB Prototype the Easy Way!
• The main products manufactured by the PCBWay are HDMI, Server board, lift CPU Main control board, punch CPU, Industrial Motherboard, Lenovo, DSP board, GPRS Communication Products, wifi Module.

What is Breadboard?

• The breadboard is such a circuitry board for which there is no need of solder device like a printed circuit board. That makes it effective for use more than on time.
• In this board, there are numerous holes that are connected electrically with one another, components of circuitry are placed in these holes for circuit connections.

Breadboard Working

• As we discussed earlier that we can use breadboard again and again for circuit creation. For circuit construction, we draw a sketch of that circuit and make connections of circuits according to designing.

• There are two types of hole assembly at the surface of breadboard in centre two central layers of holes exits that have five holes in one column and at ends side, different holes are exits that used for input supply and power connection.
• This board is best choice for such circuits that used integrated circuits, these ICs have a large number of pins so breadboard is the finest choice for them.

Advantages of Breadboard

• These are some benefits of breadboard that make effective over the PCB.
• Its main benefit is that if some connection is not according to circuit requirements than we can easily change it according to requirements.
• The construction of different circuits is very easy as no fixed connection need for the layout of circuit.
• After making one circuit we want to add or replace some components we can do it very easily.
•  We can connect current meter for the for current measurement at any branch of circuitry, but in printed circuit board first, we need to remove a connection of circuitry than add resistance for calculation of current.

Advantages of PCB

• These are some benefits of PCB over breadboard.
• The circuit designed on this board for a long time and can be used in different electronic devices for circuit manufacturing.
• In the printed circuit board large amount of current can pass as compared to breadboard, we can draw current paths for large current requirements.
• We can also construct different points for exterior components linkage.

• We can also connect heat absorber on this board to reduce the heating during circuit operation.
• This circuit board is more common to use in different engineering projects breadboard.
• Due to open wiring system on the breadboard, it looks complicated but conductive paths are designed on the PCB board so its circuit construction is very simple.
• The connection on the board is very easy to understand on a printed circuit board while it not possible in a breadboard.

Should you use a PCB or a Breadboard?

• Both of these board printed circuit board and breadboard has their own limitations and benefits that define where to use them. So let's discuss them one by one.

When to use a Breadboard?

• The creation of circuits on this board is not permanent so it can be used for testing of different circuits before making them permanent.
• These board can also be used for such circuits where less amount of current is required.

When to use a PCB?

•  The printed circuit board is used in different circuits and electronic devices. After performing tests of different circuits on the breadboard we can design different projects on this board.
• So it widely used in different electronic devices and instruments.

That is the detailed tutorial on PCB vs Breadboard, I have mentioned each and everything related to both of these board. Also, discuss these uses, advantage and disadvantage and disadvantage. If You have any question about these board ask in comment. Thanks for the next tutorial.

Guidelines for Writing an excellent Homework Paper

For most university students in Australia, dealing with all their homework is difficult. Australian universities have a very good reputation as education and research institutions. However, to get a degree from one of these universities, students have to work hard. And doing many assignments is part of this hard work. This is why many students entertain the idea of paying for help when they have a difficult assignment. Some students would like to ask someone to “do my assignment for me Australia, please.” You can pay to Assigncode to get a paper that you can use as an example to do your homework. This is a good solution when you do not know how to start writing. It is much easier to write a difficult assignment when you have some guidelines. Writing from scratch requires advanced writing skills. Some students lack such skills. It is fine. In such a case, paying for help is legit. An experienced writer can write for you a paper about difficult topics like math or physics. This company hires writers with proven experience and education to do your assignments with good quality. If you pay for help, you must get the service you deserve. This is not a problem with this company. They have a very professional approach. They do their best to ensure all students are satisfied with the papers they get. Besides good writing, the writer in charge of your order will include different math examples when it is necessary. For example, algebra equations, statistics, and other technical content can be included upon request. Do not worry. All the writers can craft a technically sound paper for you. Thus, do not hesitate to contact this company and ask, can you help me to do my homework?”

What if Submission Deadline is Short?

Yes, you can trust on Assigncode as it's a reliable company. This company offers several guarantees to make your experience with it more satisfactory. The following are some of them:

• Punctual delivery. You can count on your paper for the date and time that you agreed with the writer. This is a guarantee. This company has managed to deliver 98.35% of all its orders on time;
• Affordable prices. In most cases, prices are flexible and you can find very cheap deals. A technical paper for the undergraduate level usually commands a price of $29 a page with a 240-hour deadline. Prices increase if the deadline is shorter. Hence, you can save some money by placing your order with a reasonable deadline. Do not wait until the last moment to ask for help;
• Experienced writers. This company hires former professors and researchers in AU to help students with their homework. Currently, the company has 324 active writers. Their expertise covers several technical disciplines. These experts are recruited through a very selective process that tests their different skills.

Place an order. You can count on your paper on the date you need it. Moreover, it will be done according to your specifications. There are some other advantages to using the service by Assigncode. One of them is privacy and confidentiality. Most students do not want anybody else knows that they paid for help with their assignments. As mentioned previously, this service is legit. There is nothing wrong with it. Unfortunately, many professors still frown on this type of assignment help service. Do not worry. This company has a very strict data protection policy. All the information you provide while placing an order is confidential. The company will use this information to complete your paper according to your needs. However, the information will never be shared with others outside the writer. Hence, you can confidently ask this company, “please, help me to do my assignment.” Whenever you say to yourself, “I need some help with my technical assignment,” contact this company. You can contact the 24/7 customer support. You can give them a call and discuss the paper you need. Or you can write them a message with the title “help me, please.” Placing an order online is not difficult. First, you have to create a personal account. You fill out an order form with the details about the paper that you need and some writers will contact you. You will be able to choose the writer that you deem most convenient. Then, you will get the paper you asked for.

Efficiency? Meet HVAC – The Air Conditioning Revolution

Hello everyone, I hope you all are doing great. In today's tutorial, we will have a look at the Air Conditioning revolution brought by HVAC. Air conditioning is a mainstream engineering wonder, and much of the world relies on their HVAC for comfort and day-to-day living. Unfortunately, as a study in the Journal of Energy and Buildings found, HVAC systems come with a high environmental cost amounting to 40% of energy consumption in all residential sectors. This comes chiefly from heat transfer, but also from air cleaning processes and lost energy. Clearly, huge efficiencies need to be found in the HVAC/air conditioning sector – and innovation is providing.

The air we breathe

A large component of the inefficiency of HVAC is through the air filtration it undertakes. As outlined by Consumer Reports, air purifiers have a high energy cost when run consistently – and HVAC will often have them running throughout the year. Technology often achieves progress through miniaturization, and the same is true with HVAC. New 16x20x1 air filters and similar configurations work with HEPA technology to provide air filtration in a more efficient and less cumbersome way than current filter types. This means less need for strong airflow, less work for the HVAC system, and less energy input overall – meaning a more environmentally friendly solution.

The heat exchange

The other energy-costly component of HVAC is heat exchange. New innovation could lead to a huge overhaul in how this process is conducted. This, in turn, will lead to more efficiency and a lower carbon footprint for HVAC systems. A report by Brown University in Phys.org outlined the use of an organic solvent that could help to rapidly convert water temperatures, boosting heat transfer capacity by 500%. This means that the energy requirements of HVAC systems can be vastly reduced. While work remains to be done to achieve the engineering framework required to make this work, it is “on its way.” Noting that other methods, such as antiparticle additives, are about a 10 ^th as effective as this, Phys.org reckon that these new methods of operating the internal systems of an HVAC could have a transformative effect on the energy requirements of the industry – if mass produced.

Moving away from HVAC

What about other methods for cooling the air? Increasingly, airflow management in new build homes is being developed through integrated engineering. The Harvard HouseZero eschews the use of expensive HVAC in favour of low-energy integrated sensors within the home that can detect and calculate how best to address heat fluctuations. Using sophisticated air modeling and flow algorithms, it might open a window in a seemingly unrelated part of the home to cool a different room, and close it for the converse. Smart engineering may ultimately render the need for HVAC unnecessary, as homes can be effectively conditioned using only warm (or cold) outside airflow. For the time being, however, HVAC is king, and finding efficiencies within its build will be important to maintain comfort while tackling climate change. Fortunately, there is clearly a lot going on already. This is the case, whether it be in simple replacement of inefficient filters or micro-scale heat exchange engineering.

How To Stay Calm During A Complicated Project

Taking a break from work might seem like a burden, but no matter how much you love your job or believe that you are the only one who is capable of doing it, it’s important to give your body and your mind a break. Sometimes people get so caught up in their work that they forget to take a moment to recharge.

A break can be beneficial to those who work long hours or to those who work seven days a week. Some might see a break as a time to kick-back and watch work flow by, but relaxing can provide an uptick in motivation, creativity, and productivity. Everyone relaxes in their own way: some people exercise and some meditate. Regardless of your method, it’s important to have something that takes your mind off your job. There’s an assortment of ways to stay relaxed during stressful projects.

Stay Active

Work can be extremely stressful on the mind, but it can also take a toll on the body. Science has proven that one of the best ways to combat stress and the symptoms that go along with it is with exercise.

Exercising also changes the brain in ways that protect memory and improve critical thinking skills. Researchers have found that regular aerobic exercise appears to boost the size of the hippocampus. The hippocampus is the brain area involved in verbal memory and learning. On top of improving the brain’s functionality, exercising also improves sleep and reduces stress and anxiety. All of these areas lead to positive work output. No matter what industry you work in, whether you specialize in contract management or industrial engineering, exercising improves all human bodies and therefore improves the work functionality of any employee.

Meditation

Another way to relax that has gained immense popularity over the past decade is meditation. To improve your ability to meditate try using Nag Champa incense, which has a great history of high-quality products. It seems like every week a new study emerges to illustrate a new benefit of meditation. Researchers all over the world, including some from prestigious institutions, are studying meditation’s benefits and the results are widespread. Similar to exercising, meditation reduces symptoms of depression and anxiety, improves the brain’s functionality, and helps our overall psychological well-being. Another benefit of meditation is the improvements to concentration and attention. Since the strong focus of attention is one of the central aims of meditation, it shouldn’t be surprising that meditation helps people achieve better focus at their jobs. There are many types of meditation, so it’s important to hop on a search engine and figure out which meditation method is best for you.

Relaxing Is Important

Complicated projects can cause workers mental and physical pain. There are many ways to prevent this pain from happening in the first place. Methods like consistent exercise, meditation etc. usage all show promising benefits to the human body. It’s important to research them, read about their application, and figure out which, if any, fit best into your lifestyle. It’s also important to treat your body and mind with care, especially when work is coming down on you the hardest.

Market Your Business With Text To Speech Technology

Marketing is the cornerstone of any business. Yet, so many business owners struggle to find new and innovative ways to promote their business to potential consumers. In an ever-evolving economy, marketing your endeavor is going to involve plenty of thinking outside the box. We no longer live in a world were a simple ad-campaign or coupon promotion is enough to drive eyeballs to a site or feet through the door. If you’ve been looking for new ways to market your business without breaking the bank, there is one new method you should try: text to speech technology. Not only is it one of the freshest ways to market your business, but it is one of the most affordable. Let’s take a look at how text to speech technology can be used to market your business. There is much online text to speech converter to choose from, let’s examine how to put them to work.

Convert Text to an Mp3

While not available through all online text to speech platforms, many give you the option to convert any text to an Mp3. Why is this useful? Text to speech is useful to both website owners and those consuming the content you upload. With text to speech, you can convert text as often as you want with zero limitations. This is helpful because it maximizes the overall accessibility of your site. Suddenly, even those with learning disabilities or impairments can access your content. In addition to providing options for those with disabilities, text to speech also makes it easy for you to cater to potential customers who speak a different language. Many of these people understand spoken words, but they cannot read written content. With this tool in hand, any customer, regardless of native language, can understand what you’re selling or what your site is all about. The ability to convert the text to an Mp3 gives the user the option to read and examine content on the go. That’s a win-win!

Cater to All Age Groups

Make no mistake, the older generations love to shop just as much as millennials. Unfortunately, those above a certain age may have a hard time adjusting to the new fast-paced digital world. Some of them don’t know how to surf the web at all. Others have a very basic understanding. Text to speech is a tool that makes it easy for seniors to understand your content without having to do much leg work. It is basically a marketing campaign that works for itself. All you have to do is provide the text to speech capacity and your words or products will do the leg work for you.

Engage Users With Different Backgrounds

Believe it or not, many folks in more rural areas still suffer from illiteracy, at no fault of their own. Lack of educational opportunities or therapies can make it difficult for those who are illiterate to make strides toward literacy. With text to speech, those people no longer feel alienated. Despite their setbacks, many do have a basic knowledge of reading and writing. Unfortunately, they find it hard to browse websites due to all the text-based information. This leads to feelings of shame and may lead to them clicking off-page. When you include text to speech on your site, these folks can take in the content and browse the site as they deserve to. You can open up your doors to customers and let people know that you’re all about accessibility.

The Takeaway

Digital marketing firms and businesses need to realize that there is more than one way to present an idea. Some people can’t process huge amounts of text information. Others, simply don’t want to. With text to speech, you give users the opportunity to ingest your content on their own terms. With an added audio converter, any site user can get through large blocks of text-based information with total ease. Make your content more appealing and accessible, you’ll find an uptick in site visitors and those who simply like what you’re doing!

Introduction to Quantum Cryptography

Hello friends, I hope you all are doing great. Today I am going to discuss and explain to you, Quantum Cryptography, in this article, you will learn what Quantum cryptography is and how the data was stored and transmitted by the first generation computers from one device to another. It's going to be a long series and today, I am posting its first lecture, so I'll only cover the basics. I will briefly give you an overview of its history & we will understand How it has evolved in the past and now became an important part of digital world. So, let's get started:

Quantum Cryptography

We know that digital data is always stored in bit format i.e. 0's and 1's but first generation computers stored the data using the method of Punch Tape (you can find the illustration below): As you can see in above image, we have a pattern of punch holes. Here, holes are representing 0s and the plain surfaces are representing 1s. This type of data was authentic & reliable and there was almost zero percent chance of the data to get destroyed. Then we entered the evolution of Hard Disk, which stores the data to bits in the electromagnetic form, which actually stores in the form of 1s and 0s. If you look at the picture carefully, you will see they have opposite polarity. In the hard disk, data is not as secured as in punch tape as you may get In this 21st century, we are using Quantum Computer which is known as Q-bit. It exists in the form of superposition with the algorithms. So the data will be stored and transmitted through supercomputers.

Cryptography

As the means of communication are getting smarter, the security of sensitive or private data and information has become the highest risk. Therefore, the goal is to transmit the data and information safely from one server to another, this method is known as Cryptography. In this method, the data and information are hidden between two servers, in a way that any third party/hacker unables to access them in an unauthorized way. (As we can see nowadays in our Whatsapp, the chats are end-to-end encrypted). We click it to disable the access of any third party to our data and to ensure that our chats are safe. The cryptography can function through various methods to secure the data. The easiest philosophy is that both the sender and receiver have a codebook. So the sender, let's name it Bob and the receiver is Alice:

• Bob wants to send some information "A" to the receiver. ( Let's suppose, "A" is equal to 18) .
• We pick a code from our codebook which is 93, we will add this code in our data i.e. 18+93 = 111 and then we will subtract 100 from this product and we will get 11.
• We send this 11 to the receiver, so we have done the data encoding.
• The receiver should know the same pattern as he has the codebook and it must know that it should perform the reverse action.
• It has to subtract the code 93 from 11, i.e. 11-93= -82, then will need to add 100 to it i.e. -82+100=18 and 18 is our data "A".

Now suppose, if any third party, lets name it Eve, gets the information 11, it is unable to reproduce the data unless it has the codebook and the same number. Let me inform you if we start transmitting the data and information in mass quantity, it will become easy for Eve to start predicting the codebook and how the data is being ciphered and it will be able to collect the data and make its codebook. The same method is used by hackers who try to access the data. They have supercomputers to operate such tasks and they try to reproduce the codebook through reverse engineering.

History

We will learn the historical background that how in the early generation the cryptography was functioned and ciphered.

• It's about 400 BC when a human sent data from one point to another, using the method of scytale which was called Permutations.

      so if I have a message "ABC", I can write it in a few forms such as BAC, CAB, ACB, and our receiver must know the method of our permutation, so if you want to send a message " SEND HELP" (Illustration below), You can find how the message will appear after permutation and the receiver will know how to decipher it, this pattern was known as scytale.

Ceaser Cipher Substitution

Here I interpret about Greeks, Julius Ceaser produced a cipher called substitution method. In this method, we have A to Z characters and we will stimulate a circular cycle through it. As the AB and C will be shifted at the end. So we shifted the ABCD to three places. Now we get the new encryption scheme that A is represented by D, B by E, C by F and respectively (find the pattern in the illustration). Now the receiver must know how many places A, B, C, and D have to be shifted, then he will be able to retrieve the data. This code of data was easily deciphered by a Muslim scientist, AL Kindi, however, if you look at the data, it is almost impossible to break the code of this data, but Al Kindi deciphered it with a single trick. According to him, he described that if we have a book, see how many times the character E is placed. He finds that in every hundred alphabets E holds twelve places and the T keeps 9 places then A and O and so on. If you see any book of English, you will find the same probability distribution. Suppose you have replaced E from J and you have sent the data.so the C which has the data will determine which word has been included numerous times and the probability of the letter J will be defined. The probability of the letter J will be 0.12 which makes the fraction of 12/100 then it will be able to detect that the letter E has been replaced by letter J. The same pattern will be followed by the next letter i.e. T. the C can easily decipher all the letters replacements through reverse engineering method, so Al-Kindi was the code breaker he deciphered the codes of Julius Ceaser. To break any code you are required a massive amount of encrypted data, the more you have the encrypted data the easier it will be for you to reproduce the codebook. The Eve is capable of accessing the data based on encryption it contains.

Alberti encryption disc

Let us have a look at another cipher technique which is known as Alberti encryption disc. It was founded by Leon Battista Alberti. The alphabets were placed against another disc which has different characters as well. ( illustration below), but if we rotate the upper disc and shift the Letters, all the characters will be facing different letters, for example, A will be facing e, B will be facing g, C will face k and all the alphabets face their characters respectively. The receiver should know how many times it has been shifted, whether it is shifted to three points, four points or ten points. Therefore the receiver will use the reverse engineering method and will be able to decipher your code. Suppose, if I want to send “SELL” then I need to:

• rotated the disc seven times then S will be replaced by Z,
• same as for E, I will rotate it till fourteen points, then E will be replaced by S,
• the third rotation will occur nineteen in steps for the letter L and L will be replaced by the character E,
• then again I will have to rotate it in seven steps, but this time we will have the character S in replacement of L.

Now you can view, as L wasn't represented by code A, the first L is coded by E and the second L is coded by S, which is much difficult to decipher or to reproduce, on the other hand, I need to tell the decoder or the receiver, 7, 14, 19, that you have to decode it, with this pattern. This code was broken by Charles Babbage, he pioneered that we can decode an Enigma Rotary Machine.

Enigma Rotary

Enigma Rotary encryption machine is a generator that was used in World War II, the data was encrypted in a massive quantity. You can see in the image below that the disc is used multiple times. So we use this disc multiple times and change it with our texts. Hence one side is being coded and the other side is being informed about the steps. This was decoded by Marian Rejewski. The evolution of ciphering and deciphering has been taking place equally.

One-time pad

In this era, we need a cipher technique which is indecipherable. Let me show you a simple technique which is called a one-time pad. In this technique, I have a plain text, I will convert the text into numbers through Pulaski code then I will perform a linear operation and add a random/secret key with it, the encrypted message will become a random or secret one due to this operation, and this text will be transmitted then. When this transmitted message will be received by the decoder he will already know the key, and he will perform a reverse operation to decipher the text, but wait: How the key itself will be sent to the receiver? Because it may be possible that the sender is in the USA and Receiver is in Japan, therefore the security of the key itself becomes a matter of ultimate concern. Because if the third party gets access to the key it will be able to reach all the data we are transmitting.

 How do we secure the key?

An algorithm is designed to secure the key which is called RSA, we use two keys in this pattern one key is locked by us, which is called a public key and that locked data is sent to the receiver. So we lock and encrypt the data with the public key and sent it. You will find two keys in the figure below one key is public and the other one is private. The receiver already has the private key so it can decipher the data, for example, Bob has to send the data to Alice, therefore, Alice would have two keys, one is public which everyone knows and the other one will be the private one, which is only known by Alice. Bob will attain the public key from Alice and encrypt the data through it and that encrypted data will be sent to Alice. Alice will decrypt the data through its private key, Eve cannot decrypt this data from her public key now. That is only for encryption. So once you encrypt the data you will be unable to reverse the data into its original state. Here we have two keys first one is for encryption and the other one is for decryption. Quantum Computers can find the relation between both keys The great minds presumed that the relation between the public key and the private key shouldn't be detected by third parties. So that they cannot estimate or predict the keys by getting one of them because the public key is known to everyone. Therefore it designed an irrelevant and uncorrelated pattern so our system is more secured with it, but still, there is some relation exist among the keys because we cannot produce the pure random numbers using the computer algorithms. The hackers or third parties try to find the relation between the keys and once they can access that they will easily decipher our codes, for this purpose they are required fast computers. To sum up with the idea that in upcoming computer generations the supercomputers will be performing the task of trillion years within hours. It will be a matter of minutes to decode and encodings and for this purpose, numerous agencies are storing the data which they are unable to decipher today. so that after 20 or 30 years when the Quantum computers will functioning, they will easily decode the data and find out what conversation was taking place or what data were being transmitted.

Introduction to Cyber Security

Hello friends, I hope you all are doing great. In today's tutorial, I am going to give you a detailed Introduction to Cyber Security. You must have noticed that whenever you are registering on any site or using any online service, you need to tap on "agree" and normally we do that without reading their privacy policy and security agreement. We have also synced our photos and contacts online and these websites keep the user data, they know about us more than we know ourselves. All our data, location, information & search history can be monitored. So in this technological era, we must be aware of our online security so that we don't get hacked. In order to do so, we need to learn Cyber Security. So, let's get started with it:

Introduction to Cyber Security

• Cyber security is the task of shielding networks and computer systems from cyber theft or attack, related to hardware, software or electronic data.

Recently, a gadget that seemed like a hand watch was introduced and it was used to notify the pulse rate, heartbeat and location to the user. That data is being synced to the websites, whether we book a hotel room, a cab or order a pizza through the apps we constantly and inherently generating the data, this data is being stored in the cloud which is a huge server that can be accessed online. Now for a hacker, it is a golden prospect to obtain the data, with the public IP addresses, access points, constant traffic of repeated data, they can produce malicious software to exploit vulnerabilities. Hackers are becoming smarter and more inventive with their malware. They can bypass a virus scan.

What is meant by Malware?

Malware stands for Malicious Software, It is a program devised to invade and attack the systems outwardly the owner's permission, It is the broad term for comprising of all distinct sorts of warnings to your systems such as spyware, Trojans horses, viruses, worms, rootkits, adware, scare ware. On the contrary, software which causes accidental damage is called a bug. 

Types of Cyber Attacks

• As you can see in the image below, some enlisted malware existed since the beginning of internet.
• Let's have a look at them one by one:

1. Phishing

They are the attack which is sent as a link to the user through the email posing a genuine party asking for the data. The users have to click on the link and enter the personal data. Over the years the phishing emails have become more sophisticated and often settle in the section of spam.

2. Password attack

A password attack can be defined as the attacker requests for the password from the user and try to crack it to gather the sensitive data and access the computer system.

3. DDoS

DDoS stands for Distributive Denial of Service, in this process, the attacker transmits a huge amount of data to the network that is making several connection requests unto the network gets trafficked and unable to function.

4. Man In the middle

There are possibilities of this type of attack when user exchanges the data online, your smartphone is connected to the website the MITM attack can obtain the data from the end-users and the entity you are communicating with. For example, a middle man can communicate with you portraying your bank and contact the bank impersonating you. Then would receive the data from both the sides and transfer it to the third parties, which can include sensitive information such as your account number, your credit or debit card number or your IBAN

5. Drive-by Downloads

A program is downloaded by the website by just visiting them through malware on that specific website. It doesn't ask for the permission of the user or to take any action.

6. Malware Advertising (Malvertising)

A malicious code threatens your computer system downloaded when you click on the bogus add.

7. Rogue software

Security software that keeps your system safe.

History of cyber attacks

Not only we as individuals are vulnerable to the attacks but the organizations or companies aren't safe either. For instance a well-known graphic software company, Adobe Photoshop was hacked despite the high-security systems and they had to go through major cyber breaches where all the sensitive data and confidentiality was compromised, eBay, AOL, Ever note were also affected by the cyber breaches. So not only individuals but the bigger organization are spontaneously being attacked by the hackers.

Protection from Cyber attacks

By reading about cyber breaches and threats to the security one must be questioning that is there any mechanisms or protocols that can provide full-proof security to the computer systems? And the answer is "Yes" and that is called cyber security. In the context of information technology, the physical and cyber security comprised of the security, the enterprises used them to protect them against the access of unauthorized companies or data centers. Information security is created to sustain the confidentiality and availability of data in a subset of cyber security. So cyber security can help counter the cyber breaches, identity theft, and aid and risk management. So when an organization has a strong function of network security and an efficient disturbance response plan then it is capable of defending and protecting the data against the attack.

What are we exactly trying to protect?

We protect ourselves against three activities and they are,

• Unauthorized Modification
• Unauthorized Access
• Unauthorized Deletion

These three terminologies are known to CIA TRAID, It is also known as the three main dependencies of security. CIA Triad is responsible for transferring confidentiality, integrity, and availability. The security policies of bigger organizations or smaller companies are based on these three sources. We will find them out respectively.

CONFIDENTIALITY

confidentiality is commensurate to privacy actions engaged to assure confidentiality are created to counter sensitive information from reaching the spies while making certain that the right people can access it. Access must be restricted to those allowed to view the data in question is as regular as well for data to be classified according to the volume and type of destruction that could be done shouldn't slip into the unintended hands. More or less stringed measures can then be implemented to those categories. Sometimes safeguarding data confidentiality may include special training for those privies to such documents, such training would typically include security jeopardies that could threaten this information, training can benefit familiarize authorized people with risk factors and how to shield against them. Further phases of training can include password and password related best practices and information above human communications methods to prevent them from twisting data handling rules with good intentions and potentially unfavorable outcomes.

INTEGRITY

Integrity includes sustaining consistency, efficiency, and trustworthiness over its intact lifecycle. Data must not be changed or altered by third parties and authorized individuals and the actions must be used to ensure this. For example in a data infringement of confidentiality, these measures include file permissions and user access controls accounts. Accounts may be used to prevent false changes and accidental deletion by authorized users becoming an obstacle. Furthermore, some means must be in place to detect any fluctuations in data that might transpire as a result of non-human generated issues, such as, electromagnetic vibrations or silver crash. Some data might involve checksums, even cryptographic checksum for verification of the integrity backup or redundancies must be prepared to reestablish affected data to its correct state.

AVAILABILITY

Availability is best guarded by austere maintaining of all hardware operating best instantly when required and maintaining an accurately functional operating system that is free of software frictions. It is also necessary to keep all the operating system upgrades producing enough transmission bandwidth and preventing the occurrence of bottlenecks are equally significant. Redundancy failover and even high availability clump can lessen severe consequences when hardware issues do occur fast. As an adaptive failure restoration is imperative for the worst-case scenario that the capacity is reliant on the existence of a comprehensive disaster recovery plan shields against data loss or interference in the connection must include. Unpredictable events such as natural disasters and files to prevent data loss from such incidents, a backup copy must be stored in a geographically secluded area, perhaps in a fire-resistant liquid safe place. Extra security equipment or software such as firewalls and proxy servers can secure us against downtimes and unreachable data due to malicious actions, such as a denial of service attacks and network intrusions. So now that we have seen what we are trying to protect, implement when trying to protect ourselves on the other hand, we should also know the ways that we protect ourselves when we are attacked by cyber systems. So the first action that we mitigate any type of intervention is to detect the malware or the cyber threat that is being currently going on in your organization. Next, we have to analyze and evaluate all the affected parties and the file systems that have been compromised and, in the end, we have to repair the whole procedure so that our organization can come back to its whole streaming state without any cyber breaches. So how it is exactly done? This can be done by considering three factors. Vulnerability, Threat and, Risk. So let me explain all of them precisely.

Vulnerability

It can be defined as a known weakness of an asset that can be misused by one or more attackers, in other words, a hidden issue that enables an intervention to be successful. For example, when an employee or a member of an organization is fired and you forget to disable the access of external accounts, change logins and remove their names from the company credit cards, this will jeopardies your business willingly or unwillingly. However, most of the vulnerabilities are exploited by the authorized attackers on a human typing on the other side of the system. Next testing for vulnerabilities is critical to assuring the flow of your systems by knowing exposed points and developing strategies to counter immediately. Here you may have some questions regarding your security vulnerabilities, for instance, Is your data backed-up and stored in a secure off-site location? Is your data is stored in the cloud? How the cloud is shielding my data from its vulnerabilities? What kind of security do you have to determine? Who can access, modify or delete information from within your organization? And the next question can pop up like what kind of antivirus protection is in use? What are the licenses current and are they running as often as needed? Also, do you have a data recovery plan in the event of vulnerability, being exploited? So these are the normal questions one asks when checking their vulnerability.

THREAT

A threat can be described as a newly created disturbance with the potential to harm a system or your whole company. There are three types of threats.

• National Threats like Earthquakes tornados, hurricanes, tsunami and floods.
• Unintentional Threat i.e. an employee mistakenly obtaining the sensitive data.
• Intentional Threats, there are many examples of intentional threats such as Malware, adware, spyware companies are the actions of disgruntled employees. To add up, worm and viruses are characterized as threats because they could potentially cause harm to your organization through exposure to a programmed intervention as opposed to executed by human beings. Although these threats are commonly outside of one's control and difficult to predict before it happens. It is requisite to take legit measures to assess intimidations systematically.

Here are some ways, make sure that your team members are informed with current drifts in cyber security so they can immediately identify new threats. They should attend IT courses and join professional associations so they can benefit from the breaking news feed, conferences, and webinars. You should also conduct a general threat estimation to determine the best approaches and protecting the systems against specific threats along with assessing different types of tech besides, forcing testing includes illustrating real-world threats to discover bollen abilities.

RISK

Risk refers to the potential to the loss and damage when a threat exploits a vulnerability. Examples including financial damage as a result of business agitation, loss of privacy, damage to reputation, legal associations and even the destruction of career or life. Risk can also be defined as the product of threat and vulnerability. You can reduce the potential for risk by engineering and executing a risk management plan, the following are the key aspects for developing your risk management strategy. First, we are required to evaluate risk and circumscribe needs, when engineering and implementing a risk assessment framework, it is crucial to prioritize the most related breaches that need to be discussed. All the frequency may differ in each organization. This level of assessment must be done regularly. Next, we also have to include a stakeholder perspective that includes the business owners as well as employees, consumers, and even merchants. All of these professionals have the potential to negatively impact the organization but they can be an asset in helping to mitigate risks at the same time. Since risk management is the key to cyber security.