Top Tech Tools for Lawyers in 2022

Technology has become a key and a must-have tool in every profession and business. And so, when it comes legal sector, there are several top tech tools for lawyers. These lawyer tools are specially designed to complete different purposes, which are all aimed at improving lawyers' productivity.

Technology for lawyers is a very complementary thing as it will not only help you as a lawyer but also make life easy for your clients. Fan fact is the more convenient and effective your services are, the more clients and referrals you get.

Therefore, it's time to boost your performance with the following lawyer tools:

5 Best Tech Tools for Lawyers

Loio: Contract drafting Software

Loio is the best AI-driven legal document drafting software that will help elevate your contract drafting abilities. This software is made especially for lawyers, legal counsels, landmen, and other professionals.

So, what makes it that special?

Well, besides being an AI-driven software, Loio helps with quick contract drafting. It comes with features such as:

  • Contract template library
  • Quick formatting fixer
  • An automated contract error detection
  • Integrated clause management with over a hundred uniquely generated clauses

And to make it even better, it is compatible with Windows Desktop, macOS, and Office 365 online.

Legal Citation Generator

In order to successfully present your information in court, the information you're presenting should be well cited. However, finding legal sources can be boring and tiring if you do a manual search.

Luckily, we now have legal citation generators, thanks to the always improving legal technology. These generators can help you get the right legal sources instantly. It will provide you with a list of different legal documents; all you will have to do is click on the link and head over to the source.

A good example, and one of the best law citation generators are Lawrina Law Citation Generator. Try it out now!

Time Analytics: Time tracking and billing.

Most of us, attorneys, nowadays work on billable hours. Therefore, this means you will have to effectively track the time and resources that you have invested in a particular project. Luckily, technology has got us covered with different apps that can track and bill our services.

A good example of time tracking software that you can use is Time Analytics software. This software makes it easy to optimize your billable hours and get paid instantly.

Evernote: Capture, organize and store your work

Most law firms still keep paper copies of most cases and documents on records, and you're likely doing so too. So, to keep records of your work well organized and safely stored, you can opt for an application such as Evernote.

With this app, you have:

  • Flexible organization of your work
  • Easily 'integratable' app. You can integrate it with your most common apps, such as Outlook, Slack, Google Drive, and Gmail.
  • Easily find your notes by simply searching for a keyword.
  • Available for use everywhere and anytime
  • It comes with a web clipper for note-taking

AI Contract Review Software

AI Contract Review software designed by docjuris, is used for negotiating your contracts with a powerful AI-based algorithm. It saves both time and money and helps in getting a better successful deal. You must give it a try as it has different examples and tutorials for guidance and thus quite easy to use.

Westlaw: Online legal encyclopedia

Are you looking to improve your productivity and knowledge at once? Well, if so, then Westlaw is the best place to go.

This is one of the necessary tools for lawyers if they want to remain at the top of their game or advance their abilities. Westlaw is an online legal encyclopedia that provides easy and essential access to legal information.

This tool provides an attorney with up-to-date information on ongoing or previous cases. It also encompasses lots of legal journals and legalization. And so, Westlaw is the best tool if you're looking to strengthen your knowledge and sharpen your legal skills.

ScheduleOnce: Schedule management tool

To make your scheduling process effortless and your schedules free-flowing, use this cloud-based scheduling tool. As a lawyer, you will have several meetings and things to attend, such as meeting with clients, colleagues, or judges. Therefore, making your schedule easy and bearable is essential if you're to have a successful career.

ScheduleOnce, therefore, comes in to eradicate all the inconveniences caused by other scheduling tools. Here are some of the key reasons why you should use this tool:

  • Gives real-time updates on your schedule
  • Prevents double-booking problems
  • Easy to create and add appointment pages to your website
  • Makes it easy for your clients to select appointment slots
  • Effortless management of schedules

Solicitors' Toolkit

If you're a lawyer working as a solicitor, then I will recommend getting this legal toolkit. With this tool, you can effortlessly solve any solicitor-related problems.

This tool will provide you with information and resources that are up-to-date. This means you can effortlessly learn about the recent developments in the legal sector. Solicitors' toolkit also provides law reports and drafting tools for different jurisdictions, which are important things for a solicitor.

Adobe E-sign: Electronic signatures

If you are an attorney working remotely, the Adobe E-sign is one of the lawyer tools you should have. Working around with papers and looking for your clients to sign them is now becoming a thing of the past, all thanks to e-signatures.

Electronic signatures can help clients and attorneys stop using papers and make legal activities faster. With Adobe E-sign, you or your clients can conveniently sign documents anytime and anywhere.

E-signatures also save time, eliminating the need to wait for paper-based documents. Furthermore, it reduces the bounce rate of potential clients.

Slack: Collaboration and communication

Several times as an attorney, you will find yourself collaborating or in need of collaboration with your colleagues or clients. Unfortunately, meeting every time to work on any project can be time-consuming and hard.

And so, to solve this problem, you can simply use Slack which makes collaborating and communication easy. With this tool, you can easily distinguish cases by simply organizing your Slack discussions into channels. Additionally, you can use this app to make voice and video calls making collaboration even more effortless.

Final Thoughts

We have mentioned different tools for lawyers, and the good thing is that you can use any or all of these tools to solve a specific problem for you. Notably, as an attorney, you are burdened with different legal operations; without such tools, your productivity will be minimized. Therefore, Legal Technology is beneficial, and you should embrace it to improve your skills and performance as a legal professional.

Overall, these are just a few lawyer technology tools you can utilize as a lawyer. If you need other Tools for Lawyers, you can simply quickly search online, and you will discover lots of them.

Reasons Why 3D Printing Technology is Underrated

3D printing technology is one of the most progressive methods of creating objects in the market today. There are four different types of production techniques in manufacturing. These include subtractive manufacturing, casting, formation, and additive manufacturing.

Reasons Why Additive Manufacturing is a Superior Form of Manufacturing

Additive manufacturing is the technique of production that 3D printers use to create physical objects. Additive manufacturing is the manufacturing process in which you create an object from scratch by directly layering the raw material.

This technique is different from others because it does not create waste like subtractive manufacturing. It does not require manual effort and time like the formation process where you add force to a material to shape it, and it does not require tools and molds like casting to produce a functional product.

In conclusion, additive manufacturing requires no tools, has no waste, and needs zero cutting and complex procedures.

How Does Additive Manufacturing Work?

There are various types of additive manufacturing in the market. All of these processes are suitable for their respective fields and functions. A production house can use one of these techniques to create its design.

Direct Casting

The large scale 3D printer allows the production company to create a mold and cast-in-motion with the help of a dual head. The cast-in-motion technique cuts a lot of time and steps from the traditional molding and casting procedure. This procedure includes four steps. The first step is to feed the information into the printer and print the design.

After the design is complete, cure the product in an oven to enhance its mechanical properties. The cast of the product comprises a water-breakable mixture. Therefore, in the third step, soak the mold in water. It will degenerate, and you can finish your product in the last step for further use.

This process is rapid, and your production, which took weeks, now only takes a few days.

FDM

Fusion deposition modeling is a typical process of manufacturing in an additive process. A domestic printer uses this process to create designs. This printer is easy to use as you need to fill the printer with filament from one end, and it will produce your design on the other end.

This process needs a design, the software cuts the design into thin digital slices, and once the data is in the printer, it will create the product automatically. It may be easy to use, but large-scale industries do not prefer it for its poor finish and fragile material.

SLA Printing

The process of Stereolithography is unique as it uses photosensitive resin to solidify the design out of liquid polymer. It is a precise way of creating objects from resin, and it does not require as much time as other printing methods. The UV rays cure the liquid polymer on top of the layers. It creates an illusion of an object being born from the liquid.

Laser Sintering

The laser sintering method is dangerous in public places, but it is practical for enormous industries. It uses refined metal powder as raw material. The machine uses a laser to create a solid object from this metal dust. The printer does have a container box for metal powder but inhaling this powder can be dangerous.

NASA and other mechanical corporations use this technique to build parts for air crafts, planes, cars, and other automobiles. If the production house follows all the SOPs, this method is one of the fastest methods of creating parts.

Poly Jet Method

The poly jet method is a mixture of FDM and SLA printing. The machine uses thin layers of resin and layers are like a filament, and the UV light instantly cures the resin in place. This technique is valuable for rapid prototyping, fixtures, and creating functional moving parts.

The Revolutionary Implications of 3D Printing

Multiple applications and implications of 3D printing suggest that it has revolutionized the world. 3D printing has minimized the connection between production and consumption. A consumer can directly produce a design in a short time. The time for a product to reach the consumer has drastically reduced.

The emergency disaster zone fixtures are possible with the help of instant 3D printing. It also inspires the younger generation to create and practically use their theoretical knowledge. It has inspired the world to connect virtual reality to physical reality. And all of this is just the beginning of what 3D technology has to offer.

LinkedIn marketing strategies that can help expand your small business

Are you looking for ways to boost your small business? LinkedIn may be the answer. LinkedIn is a powerful platform that can help you reach a larger audience than ever before.

LinkedIn is a powerful social media platform for businesses of all sizes. It provides an opportunity to connect with a larger audience, build relationships with potential customers, and create brand awareness. But promoting your business on LinkedIn is not as easy as you might think. For one, LinkedIn is a professional network, which means that users are not always looking to be sold to. Secondly, LinkedIn’s algorithm favors content that is educational and informative over content that is promotional.

So how can you promote your small business on LinkedIn in a way that will reach your target audience and help you achieve your business goals? Here are the top LinkedIn marketing strategies that you can use to expand your small business.

Share engaging content

If you want to reach your target audience on LinkedIn, you need to share content that is interesting and engaging. This means creating content that educates, informs, or entertains your readers. For example, if you're a construction company, you could share articles about the latest industry trends, tips for remodeling your home, or interesting case studies.

The key is to make sure that your content is relevant to your target audience and provides value. If you're not sure what type of content to create, take a look at the content that your competitors are sharing. Chances are, their content will give you some ideas.

However, that doesn't mean you should write walls of words - avoid that at all costs. No one wants to read an essay on LinkedIn. Keep your posts short and to the point. Use images, infographics, videos, and LinkedIn banners to break up your text and make your content more visually appealing.

Know your target audience

You can't just start posting on LinkedIn with a blindfold on now, can you? You need to know who you're targeting first.

Creating personas for your target audience is a great way to get to know them better. Once you've created personas, take a look at where your target audience hangs out online. What type of content do they consume? What are their interests?

You can use this information to create content that appeals to your target audience. For example, if you're targeting millennials, you might want to create content that is relevant to their interests, such as entrepreneurship, travel, or personal development.

Create a company page

One of the best ways to promote your small business on LinkedIn is by creating a company page. Your company page is like a mini-website on LinkedIn, and it's a great way to showcase your products or services.

When creating your company page, make sure to include a strong headline, an engaging description, and relevant images. You should also take advantage of LinkedIn's SEO features by including keywords in your page content.

Once you've created your company page, start sharing content that will interest your target audience. This could include blog posts, product information, case studies, or even company news. You can also use your company page to run LinkedIn ads. LinkedIn offers several ad formats that you can use to promote your business, and they're a great way to reach a larger audience.

Optimize your LinkedIn profile

Your LinkedIn profile is one of the most important tools in your LinkedIn marketing arsenal, so optimizing your LinkedIn Profile is essential. It's your chance to make a good first impression, so make sure you're putting your best foot forward.

Start by optimizing your headline and summary. These are the first things people will see when they visit your profile, so make sure they're attention-grabbing and relevant. Include keywords that describe your business or industry, and make sure to mention your most important selling points. Your headline and summary are also a great place to showcase your personality.

Next, take a look at your profile photo. Is it professional and polished? If not, consider changing it to something that presents you in a positive light. Finally, take some time to update your work experience and education section. Include any relevant information that will help you stand out, such as awards or publications. By optimizing your LinkedIn profile, you'll be sure to make a good impression on potential customers and clients.

Join relevant groups

Another great way to reach your target audience on LinkedIn is by joining relevant groups. There are thousands of groups on LinkedIn, covering just about every topic imaginable. And chances are, there are several groups that would be a good fit for your business.

For example, if you're an apparel retailer, you could join relevant groups on LinkedIn to promote your business. These groups could include fashion professionals, small business owners, or even general interest groups.

When you join a group, make sure to participate in the discussion and add value to the conversation. This will help you build relationships with other members and position yourself as an expert in your field.

You can also use LinkedIn groups to collect leads. Many groups allow members to post their contact information in the group description. This makes it easy for you to get in touch with potential customers.

Generate leads with InMail

Did you know that you can use LinkedIn to generate leads? It's true! LinkedIn offers a feature called Sponsored InMail, which allows you to send messages directly to your target audience. Normally, on the free plan, you can't send priority messages to anyone. Therefore, InMail is a great way to promote your products or services, and it's an especially effective lead generation tool.

Sponsored InMail is a great way to reach out to potential customers and promote your products or services. You can use it to offer discounts, announce new products, or even invite people to events.

To get started, simply create a Sponsored InMail campaign and target your ideal customer. LinkedIn will then match your message with the right people, and you'll start seeing results in no time. Just make sure your message resonates with your target audience. Otherwise, you risk having it perceived as spam.

A final piece of advice

While the above marketing strategies will work like a charm when it comes to promoting your business and gaining new customers, bear in mind that every business is different and has a different target audience. Therefore, it's important to experiment with different strategies and find the ones that work best for you. Identifying the right marketing mix for your business is what you should be aiming for.

For example, you could use LinkedIn ads to reach out to your target audience if you're looking for immediate results. Or, if you're trying to build long-term relationships with potential customers, focus on creating a strong company page and sharing high-quality content.

Also, don't forget to harness the power of SEO! In simple words, SEO makes your content more visible in LinkedIn's search results, which means more people will see it. You can do this by optimizing your LinkedIn profile and company page for keywords, and you'll surely gain more traction on your LinkedIn profile.

Get To Know About Bluetooth Beacons For Indoor Positioning

Indoor positioning technology has become widely available in a variety of configurations and quality levels. It's a jungle out there, and no single established solution, unlike outdoor location using GPS satellite technology, has been adequate for all needs.

Since GPS satellite technology became widely available in the late 1990s, positioning systems have played an increasingly important role in people's lives. Almost, everyone now owns a device with positioning capabilities, whether it's a mobile phone, tablet, GPS tracker, or smartwatch with built-in GPS.

Though GPS transformed outdoor positioning, we're now moving on to inside positioning, which will require new technologies. Because the signal is attenuated and scattered by roofs and walls, satellite-based location does not function indoors or on narrow streets. Other technology standards, thankfully, have arisen that enable indoor positioning, albeit with a new form of infrastructure.

Indoor positioning is useful for a variety of purposes for individuals and organizations. From making travel easier to locate what you're looking for, delivering/receiving targeted location-based information, enhancing accessibility, and gaining useful data insights, there's a lot more.

What Is BLE Indoor Positioning And How Does It Function Properly?

The User's Position

Indoor location relies heavily on BLE beacons. The device can detect when it is in the range of a Bluetooth beacon and even determine its position if it is in reach of more than two beacons using this technology.

The original BLE-based positioning prototypes could only detect which beacon was closest to the user. Hence, today we can combine proximity data from multiple beacons to place the consumer in 2D space on an indoor map. The accuracy varies depending on the situation, but it can be as accurate as 1.5 meters.

This technology is improving, and it now uses magnetic field sensing, gyroscopes, accelerator meters, and Near Field Communication circuits to provide exact positioning.

Apps From The Customer/Standpoint Visitors

This technology is used by customers and visitors for navigation and receiving location-based content. They do it by installing an app on their smartphone, tablet, or watch. Indoor mapping and location-specific content distribution are common features of the app.

The Viewpoint Of The Organization - Content Management System (CMS)

BLE positioning systems are used by businesses to deliver a better experience for their visitors or customers. Almost any form of organization can profit from location-based technologies. For instance:

  • Museums can provide visitors with location-based narrations accompanied by a map of the venue, allowing for navigation and participatory learning.
  • Indoor positioning systems can be utilized in retail to provide customers with location-based marketing, navigation, and other location-based content.
  • Location-based data, such as turn-by-turn navigation, could be beneficial to airports and hospitals.

Organizations utilize the CMS online platform for managing their content, floor maps, and Bluetooth beacon positions. A content management system(CMS) is often a hosted software system that maintains track of every piece of material in the app that users or customers access. Organizations need a fully working CMS because it offers them full control over the material that consumers see.

UWB Vs. BLE:

Low power, low cost, and effectiveness as asset tracking systems are all characteristics shared by BLE and UWB. UWB, on the other hand, has significantly more precision than Bluetooth. This owes in part to UWB's exact distance-based method of location determination.

BLE commonly locates devices using RSSI, which has a much lower rate of precision because it is reliant on whether a device transmits a weak or strong signal about a Bluetooth beacon or sensors.

In comparison to UWB, BLE has a substantially lesser range and data rate. Bluetooth, on the other hand, is a widely used RF technology that can be integrated into a variety of indoor settings using flexible hardware, such as BLE beacons, sensors, and asset tags.

Benefits:

Low-Cost, Low-Power

  • BLE is an appropriate RF standard for BLE sensor, Bluetooth beacon, and asset or personnel tag because of its low energy consumption and cost-effective technology.

Ease of Deployment

  • BLE offers simple, easy-to-deploy solutions and versatile hardware alternatives that can be used on or off the network and seamlessly incorporate into your Bluetooth ecosystem.

Adaptable Technology

  • Extend the technology's capabilities to support a variety of location-aware applications, including asset monitoring, Bluetooth device identification, indoor positioning and navigation, proximity applications, and more.

Some Ways Of Using Bluetooth Beacons:

  • Stationary Beacons, Roaming Mobile Devices, And Traveling Asset Beacons Are Used In Tandem.

In some cases, tracking the position of assets within a workspace is desirable, yet mounting permanent BLE receivers is impractical. Without a device to detect asset location and communicate data back to a cloud service, asset monitoring becomes difficult. It can be avoided by piggybacking on a mobile device's location.

Bluetooth beacon is placed throughout a facility, and a mobile app is installed to track where each device is at all times, similar to the previous strategy. The app can detect adjacent assets by marking them with beacons and assigning them to the same position as the device based on nearby fixed beacons.

  • Combining A BLE Technology With GPS, Wi-Fi, Or Geo-Fencing Is The Preferred Technology.

Indoors, BLE beacons offer substantial advantages for tracking people and assets. Integrating this technique with more conventional location services, like GPS, or Wi-Fi but still has advantages. Assets with embedded beacons can be used to identify items, and then further mobile location technologies can be utilized to give context.

Connecting a Bluetooth beacon to the inside of the vehicle is used to track the whereabouts of mobile workers while they drive. It's also utilized to track asset location within an office building utilizing Wi-Fi enabled client tracking and asset tagging beacons.

Summing Up!

In a nutshell, we can say that Bluetooth will remain a popular RF technology for wireless devices, short-range communication, and indoor positioning. The proliferation of Access Points with incorporated Bluetooth low energy beacon and sensor systems out of the box, as well as more, equipped consumer wearable, IoT devices, asset tracking tags, employee badges, and customer Bluetooth trackers, will almost certainly continue and grow.

Basic knowledge of machining

Datum.

Parts are composed of a number of surfaces, each surface has a certain size and mutual position requirements. The requirements of the relative position between the surfaces of the parts include two aspects: the dimensional accuracy of the distance between the surfaces and the relative position accuracy (such as axes, parallelism, verticality and circular runout, etc.).

The study of the relative position relationship between the part surfaces can not be separated from the datum, and the position of the part surface can not be determined without a clear datum. In its general sense, the datum is the point, line and surface on the part on which the position of other points, lines and surfaces are determined. According to its different functions, the benchmark can be divided into two categories: design benchmark and process benchmark.

1. Design datum.

A datum is a point, line, or surface from which measurements are made. In the case of the piston, the design datum refers to the centerline of the piston and the centerline of the pinhole.

2. Process datum.

The datum used by parts in the process of machining like turning and assembly is called process datum. According to different uses, the processed datum is divided into positioning datum, measuring datum and assembly datum.

1) Positioning datum: The datum is the point of reference from which all other measurements are taken. When positioning the datum, it is important to take into account the size and shape of the workpiece, as well as the type of machining operation being performed. According to the different positioning elements, the most commonly used are the following two categories:

Automatic centering positioning: such as three-claw chuck positioning.

To make a positioning sleeve, such as a stop plate, into a positioning sleeve.

Others are positioned in the V-shaped frame, positioned in the semicircular hole, and so on.

2) measuring datum: A measuring datum is a physical reference point used to take measurements. The datum provides a starting point from which all other measurements are taken. without a measuring datum, it would be difficult to take accurate measurements.

3) Assembly datum: the datum used to determine the position of the part in the assembly or product during assembly, called assembly datum.

Installation of workpieces.

In order to produce a surface that meets the specified technical requirements on a certain part of the workpiece, the workpiece must occupy a correct position relative to the tool on the machine tool before machining. This process is often referred to as the "positioning" of the artifact. After the workpiece is positioned, due to the action of cutting force, gravity and so on, a certain mechanism should be used to "clamp" the workpiece so that its determined position remains unchanged. The process of holding the workpiece in the correct position on the machine tool and clamping the workpiece is called "installation".

The quality of workpiece installation is an important issue in machining, which not only directly affects the machining accuracy, the speed and stability of workpiece installation, but also affects the productivity. In order to ensure the relative position accuracy between the machined surface and its design datum, the design datum of the machined surface should occupy a correct position relative to the machine tool when the workpiece is installed. For example, in the precision turning ring groove process, in order to ensure the circular run out of the ring groove bottom diameter and the skirt axis, the design basis of the workpiece must be coincident with the axis line of the machine tool spindle.

[caption id="attachment_171666" align="aligncenter" width="800"] Design & Engineering Verification[/caption]

When machining parts on different machine tools, there are different installation methods. The installation methods can be summarized as direct alignment method, marking alignment method and fixture installation method.

The main results are as follows:

1) when using this method, the correct position of the workpiece on the machine tool is obtained through a series of attempts. The specific way is to install the workpiece directly on the machine tool, use the dial meter or the needle on the needle plate, visually correct the correct position of the workpiece, and correct it at the same time until it meets the requirements.

The positioning accuracy and speed of direct alignment depend on the accuracy of alignment, the method of alignment, the tools of alignment and the technical level of workers. Its disadvantage is that it takes more time, the productivity is low, and it has to be operated on the basis of experience and requires high skills of workers, so it is only used in single-piece and small batch production. Such as hard to imitate the shape of the alignment belongs to the direct alignment method. .

2) the method of line alignment this method is a method of using a needle on a machine tool to correct the workpiece according to the line drawn on the blank or semi-finished product, so that it can get the correct position. It is obvious that this method requires an additional marking process. The drawn line itself has a certain width, and there is a marking error when marking, and there is also an observation error when correcting the position of the workpiece, so this method is mostly used in the rough machining of small batch production, low blank precision, and large workpieces that are not suitable for the use of fixtures. For example, the determination of the pin hole position of the two-stroke product is to use the marking method of the indexing head to correct it.

3) fixture installation method: the process equipment used to clamp the workpiece and make it occupy the correct position is called machine tool fixture. The fixture is an additional device of the machine tool, and its position relative to the tool on the machine tool has been adjusted in advance before the workpiece is installed, so it is no longer necessary to find the correct position one by one when machining a batch of workpieces, which can ensure the technical requirements of machining, which saves both labor and trouble. It is an efficient positioning method and is widely used in batch and mass production. Our current piston processing is the fixture installation method used.

  1. The operation of keeping the positioning position of the workpiece in the machining process after positioning is called clamping. The device in the fixture that keeps the positioning position of the workpiece in the machining process is called the clamping device.
  2. The clamping device should meet the following requirements: when clamping, the positioning of the workpiece should not be destroyed; after clamping, the position of the workpiece in the machining process should not change, and the clamping should be accurate, safe and reliable; the clamping action is fast, easy to operate and labor-saving; the structure is simple and easy to manufacture.
  3. matters needing attention when clamping: the clamping force should be appropriate, too much will cause deformation of the workpiece, and too small will cause displacement in the machining process and destroy the positioning of the workpiece.
 

Mechanical concept of roughness

Surface roughness is a measure of the irregularities in the surface of a material. It can be caused by a variety of factors, including manufacturing defects, wear and tear, and environmental exposure. Surface roughness can have a significant impact on the performance of a material, as it can affect its resistance to wear, corrosion, and other forms of damage. The term "roughness" refers to both the size and frequency of the irregularities on the surface of a material. The size of the irregularities is typically measured in micrometers or nanometers, while the frequency is typically measured in cycles per inch (CPI).

Surface roughness can also be characterized by its wavelength, which is the average distance between adjacent peaks or troughs. The most common method of measuring surface roughness is with a profilometer, which uses a stylus to trace the contours of the surface and generate a profile. The profile is then analyzed to determine the roughness parameters.

[caption id="attachment_171667" align="aligncenter" width="800"] Engineering Tolerances[/caption]

Roughness representation.

There are 3 kinds of surface roughness height parameters:

  1. Arithmetic mean deviation of contours Ra.

Within the sampling length, the arithmetic mean of the absolute distance between the point on the contour line along the measuring direction (Y direction) and the baseline.

  1. Micro-roughness 10-point height Rz.

It refers to the sum of the average peak height of the five maximum contours and the average valley depth of the five maximum contours within the sampling length.

  1. Maximum height of contour Ry.

The distance between the top line of the highest peak and the bottom line of the lowest valley within the sampling length.

Nowadays, Ra is mainly used in the general machinery manufacturing industry.

The influence of Roughness on the performance of parts.

The surface quality of the machined workpiece directly affects the physical, chemical and mechanical properties of the machined workpiece, and the working performance, reliability and service life of the product depend to a large extent on the surface quality of the main parts. Generally speaking, the surface quality requirements of important or key parts are higher than ordinary parts, because the parts with good surface quality will greatly improve their wear resistance, corrosion resistance and fatigue resistance.

Surface roughness is an important consideration in many engineering applications, as it can have a significant impact on the performance of a component or system. For example, surface roughness can affect the tribological properties of a material, such as its friction and wear resistance. It can also affect the ability of a material to resist corrosion and other forms of damage.

In addition, surface roughness can influence the optical properties of a material, such as its reflectivity and transmittance. Surface roughness is also a concern in many manufacturing processes, as it can cause defects in the finished product. For example, surface roughness can cause problems with adhesion, machining, and metallurgy. Surface roughness can also make it difficult to achieve desired tolerances in manufacturing processes. As a result, surface roughness is an important factor to consider in the design and manufacture of components and systems.

There are many ways to reduce surface roughness, including using methods such as honing, grinding, lapping, and polishing. In addition, surface treatments such as electroplating, ion implantation, and vapor deposition can also be used to improve the surface smoothness of the material.

Cutting fluid.

1) the function of cutting fluid.

Cooling effect: the cutting heat can take away a large amount of cutting heat, improve the heat dissipation conditions, and reduce the temperature of the tool and the workpiece, thus prolonging the service life of the tool and preventing the dimensional error caused by thermal deformation of the workpiece.

Lubrication: the cutting fluid can penetrate between the workpiece and the tool, forming a thin adsorption film in the tiny gap between the chip and the tool, reducing the friction coefficient, so it can reduce the friction between the chip and the workpiece, reducing the cutting force and cutting heat, reduce the tool wear and improve the surface quality of the workpiece, which is especially important for finishing and lubrication.

Cleaning function: the tiny chips produced in the cleaning process are easy to adhere to the workpiece and the tool, especially when drilling deep holes and twisted holes, the chips are easy to block in the chip-holding groove, affecting the surface roughness of the workpiece and the service life of the tool. The use of cutting fluid can wash away the chips quickly, so that the cutting can be carried out smoothly.

2) types: there are two kinds of common cutting fluids.

Emulsion: mainly plays a cooling role, emulsion is made by diluting emulsified oil with 15-20 times water, this kind of cutting fluid has high specific heat, low viscosity, good fluidity and can absorb a lot of heat. This kind of cutting fluid is mainly used to cool tools and workpieces, improve tool life and reduce thermal deformation. The emulsion contains more water and has poor lubrication and antirust function.

Cutting oil: the main component of cutting oil is mineral oil, this kind of cutting fluid has low specific heat, high viscosity and poor fluidity, and mainly plays the role of lubrication. Mineral oil with low viscosity is commonly used, such as engine oil, light diesel oil, kerosene and so on.

Everything You Need to Know About MIG Welding

What Is MIG Welding?

MIG welding is the process of joining metal parts by melting the base metal and fusing it with a filler metal. The name is derived from the phrase "Metal Inert Gas," which is commonly used. The process involves using an arc between an electrode and the workpiece, which melts the base metal and fuses it with the filler metal.

Mig welding is an extremely versatile process that can be used to create virtually any shape or configuration of the welded joint. You can also use it for many different metals, including low carbon steel, stainless steel, and aluminum alloys.

Mig Welding Equipment

The MIG welding equipment you'll need includes:

Torch

The torch supplies the heat needed to melt the wire. It has a handle, an on/off trigger, and a tip where the wire feeds. The torch also has an air regulator that controls how much oxygen is mixed with natural gas going into the burner head (the part of the torch where you attach your wire). You need to use this setting depending on what type of metal you're working with.

Gas Cylinder

This holds the compressed gas used as fuel for the welding process. Welding torch to combust inside and heats up when activated by pressing down on your trigger switch or button. You'll also see these bottles or tanks. Still, they're all essentially identical in function—they vary slightly in size based on their gas capacity.

Welder’s Helmet

Protects your eyes from any spark produced by friction during MIG welding processes such as spatter creation during stick electrode usage.

Welding wire

The thickness of welding wire is measured in thousands of an inch (thou) or mils. The most common sizes of welding wire are as follows: 22-gauge (0.023"), 24-gauge (0.024"), 26-gauge (0.025"), and 28-gauge (0.028")

The gauge refers to the thickness of the wire and the higher the number, the thinner it is and the less heat it can take before melting or burning out on you when you're trying to weld with it.

MIG Welder Settings

You can adjust these settings to improve the quality of your weld or reduce the amount of heat you apply to the weld.

Welding Wire Diameter

This controls how much material is deposited in each pass and determines how much heat will be required to melt it. A smaller diameter wire requires less energy and produces a cleaner weld, but it also requires more passes to build up a good bead.

Feed Speed

This is how quickly you move through the molten pool when welding; too fast and you'll get porosity; too slow and it may take longer than necessary for each pass due to poor cooling.

With the Right Equipment, You Can Get Started on Some Solid Metalwork

MIG welding is a great way to get started in welding. It's really easy, and it's safe for beginners. You can use Mig welding for various projects, including light steelwork, ironmongery, and aluminum.

Mig welders are versatile, meaning they can handle almost any metal you want to weld with their different settings. They also include gas supplies that provide the shielding gas needed during the process, which makes them good value for money compared with other welder types.

Mig welding is a skill that anyone can pick up with only a little time and practice. If you're interested in learning how to weld but don't know where to begin, here are a few options:

  • You can start with instructional videos on Youtube; many makers have uploaded videos that walk new welders step-by-step. The most famous one is *How To Weld Like A Pro - Using Gas Metal Arc Welding (Mig)*, by the YouTube channel OneMinuteUkeleleLessons.
  • Consider finding an experienced professional welder who's willing to teach you one-on-one. Most welders are happy with any excuse to talk shop! They'll give you tips that you couldn't find even in the most detailed book.
  • Take a course at your local community college or trade school. This could be an excellent way of getting basic hands-on experience in ideal conditions before moving on to more difficult tasks.

MIG Welding Frequently Asked Questions

Can You Use a TIG Welder as a MIG welder?

Yes, you can use a TIG welder as a MIG welder. If your TIG welder has adjustable amperage, you can follow the steps listed above. TIG welders tend to have higher amperage settings than MIG welders, but they still require the same power as a MIG welder. Since a TIG welder is more versatile, it's worth investing in one if you're regularly using welding equipment or want more control over your project.

How does a flux core welder work?

The machine uses a hollow wire and is filled with flux. Flux is the material that covers the weld and protects it from contamination when welding. You can use a flux core welder outdoors because the wind doesn't affect the weld because of the flux inside the wire. A flux core welder can also be used indoors with no gas if the welding material thickness is 1/2" or less. It isn't recommended to use Flux Core Welding for thinner materials on higher amperage settings, as there will be too much spatter and smoke

Does a MIG welder need gas?

This is a common question, and the answer is: yes, but it depends on the type of wire you are using. Flux core wire doesn't need shielding gas, while solid welding wire does need shielding gas.

The type of work you do will determine whether you need a machine that uses shielding gas or flux core wire. For example, if you are working outdoors or inside with wind, you can use flux core wire since it does not require an external gas cylinder.

Top Reasons for Microsoft SQL Database Failure 

Today all businesses utilize databases for practically all operations, ranging from sales & marketing to CRM. Hence, whenever organizations face a database failure, they are susceptible to losing crucial data that may be costly for the entire business. Microsoft SQL is a popular RDMS in all firms or organizations for professionally managing valuable data. SQLServer is incredibly useful in the business circuit, yet it has some corruption issues and errors that DBAs need to tackle strategically.

Because of SQL database errors, users are unable to access their valuable data, and it is their responsibility to fix the issues promptly to make sure that there are no severe data loss issues. There are some predominant database corruption errors and issues. You may promptly resolve them to avoid undesirable severe data loss. We will know more about database corruption errors, issues, and perfect solutions for fixing SQL server database problems.

Causes of SQL Database Corruption 

Usually, there are three main reasons behind database failure. Let us examine each of them and identify ways to recover and restore your lost data.

File System Damage

If a computer or server is shut down improperly, or if it encounters a power outage or surge or something occurs that abruptly interrupts the process of writing data to the files, there are chances of the OS files getting corrupted or damaged severely. This may lead to critical data loss. After encountering such a crisis, you are advised to repair or at least, examine the filesystem to safeguard against any data loss in the future. For modifying or mounting a file system, a repair may be necessary. Even though a thorough check may not report or reveal any severe damage, you might still need to repair the filesystem.

File Corruption

According to Small Business Chron, organizations of all sizes depend on SQLServer database from Microsoft for organizing and securing critical information. If one or even more database files are corrupted or damaged, they may result in database failure at your file-level leading to corruption. Files may be damaged because of numerous reasons. Primary files that are capable of corrupting the entire database, may themselves get corrupted because of any SQLServer account changes, file header corruption, and accidental data deletion, among many others. In case of corruption in secondary files, the SQL database will be inaccessible. When you attempt to access the damaged database, you will be getting different types of error messages. You may be several solutions for effectively repairing a corrupt database, but these solutions will not guarantee or assure you that there will be100 percent data recovery. You may consider using the log files for restoring the database. But remember that the log files are not adequate t help recover lost data in corruption cases since often backup files may get damaged if corruption seems to be severe.

Another effective way of repairing the corrupt or compromised database is by utilizing database console commands like CHECKDB, DBCC, or DBCC DEBREPAIR. These commands could help fix minor database issues. However, they are not efficient enough to tackle or resolve critical corruption cases.

Hardware & Software Failure

Hardware failures will be including memory issues, bad disk sectors, disk crashes, and even disk with errors, among many other issues. Hardware failures could be because of design errors, overloading, and poor quality control at the time of fabrication, and degradation of mechanical parts. Software failures will be including issues associated with software like DBMS software, operating system, application programs, etc.

Irrespective of how trustworthy, your DBMS seems, it is not in a position to guarantee a failure-free seamless transaction each time. To prevent any kind of database failure, the most logical and proactive step is to consult with expert DBAs. Once the overall database health is analyzed, you may rest assured to avoid serious problems down the line.

Avoiding SQL Database Corruption: Some Expert Tips

  • Do not consider rebooting the server
  • During any ongoing script execution or other running database, jobs avoid abrupt shutting down the SQLServer.
  • Always keep proper backup and then upgrade your SQLServer
  • Don’t connect or re-connect the database.

Users should regularly back up their SQL database to restore the database, in case of corruption or damage. Backup is certainly the most effective way of dealing with corruption. Keep in mind that some data may be missing between the time when disaster struck and the last backup. You may consider using commands like DBCC CHECKDB to examine and resolve corruption issues. However, you may fail to repair and restore severely corrupted files using this command.

Conclusion

You may use SQL data recovery tools recommended by experts to repair and resolve corrupt database file issues due to a lack of a backup. Some cutting-edge tools are helpful in the recovery of deleted objects, and they even display a preview. SQL recovery could prove to be a daunting and stressful job. However, you may use some advanced SQL recovery tools for getting your databases back into action!

Data Normalization - The Art of Structured Data

Industries from sales to healthcare rely on data to make business decisions and project key metrics. Tracking troves of the customer, purchasing, and logistical data reveals trends that can boost revenue or uncover missed savings.

Storing and analyzing big data is essential for process audits. For example, a company’s ongoing shipping audits explained several issues, including patterns of overcharges and delayed deliveries. A customer experience audit can yield similar findings by noting bottlenecks in the customer journey. All of these processes require the input of large sets of readable data.

Businesses need a data normalization process to store and filter raw data into useful information that can inform these valuable processes.

What is Data Normalization?

Data normalization is an automated process that organizes information into a database or table. As a result of normalization, data is searchable and verifiable. Normalized data is also easier to scan for errors, such as missing data or redundancies.

Without normalization, data becomes overwhelming and unstructured. As raw data contains errors, it can lead to poor or uninformed decisions. Unfiltered data can degrade a sales team’s ability to identify viable leads. On the other side, companies may fail to notice that investment is providing a low or negative return.

Most data normalization tables categorize data by recognizable fields. For example, a table of customer information would most likely contain their names, contact information, and job titles. Company data may contain labels such as product SKUs or employee identification numbers.

Data normalization tables prevent a phenomenon known as inconsistent dependency. This occurs when unrelated data items are entered in the same table. Data input should be logical so that anyone searching for a piece of information knows exactly where to find it.

Many software-as-a-service platforms, such as invoicing or customer management solutions, automatically normalize data. To reduce errors in automated normalization, companies must set a standard format for inputting data. Some commonly used conventions are abbreviations for addresses and job titles, or no hyphens or spaces in telephone numbers. Once data is normalized, it is easier to carry out important data analysis processes, including cleaning and interpretation.

Forms of Normalization

Normalization tables come in several normal forms, known as NFs. Each NF has its own rules for organizing and displaying data. For example, a 1NF table restricts any cell from containing more than one piece of data. Additionally, no entry can be duplicated.

For example, if a data table contains a product that comes in several sizes, each size will be listed as a separate row rather than a distinct column. In a 2NF table, the searcher can pull up a separate table to view all of the color options for a particular product.

As normal forms advance, they build off one another. A 2NF pulls data from 1NF tables, a 3NF from a 2NF table and so on. While there are many normal forms to choose from, most databases only need up to 3NF to process and store data.

Choosing the correct normal form and preparing the data can be time-consuming. As a result, more developers opt to outsource this process to automated software.

Benefits of Data Normalization

As data collection has become ubiquitous, data normalization has become indispensable. Firstly, normalization corrals data into one depository. This reduces storage space by eliminating duplicate information. Browsing through normalized data also saves time as databases contain search functions that quickly identify the needed information.

Normalized data also lends itself well to segmentation. During segmentation, the analyst will filter the data through parameters, such as location, gender, or average purchase value.

Segmentation allows marketers to target specific demographics with tailored messaging. This process can also benefit internal business processes. For example, human resource departments may search for employees demonstrating signs of burnout, such as higher than normal call-outs, and connect them to resources.

Data normalization is also essential for monitoring metrics and performance. Normalization makes it possible to create visual dashboards to measure common indicators such as sales targets, vendor costs, and revenue.

Final Word

Data normalization is an essential step in any business’s data strategy. As a developer, you can make you and your client’s jobs much easier by considering normalization as you create your projects and database structures.

Most developers follow the decades old principles created by relational database pioneer Edgar Codd. Codd’s 12 rules, since expanded to more than 300, outline the existential criteria for relational database management systems. While no system follows every rule, they are a foundational step for approaching normalization projects.

5 Great Tools for Designers

In the past, graphic designers had limited choice of graphic design tools. There were only 3-5 great design tools for professional work. This has all changed with free and open-source platforms making it easy to design what you want, wherever you want it. Also, many of these tools are cross-platform too, meaning you can whip up some quick designs on your Android or iOS device. Because the sheer number of available tools makes it harder to pick the best one, we are going to look at 5 great ones that you should be using right now.

Adobe Illustrator

Almost all designers agree that Adobe Illustrator is the best tool for creating vector graphics. You can use the software to create artwork, logos, infographics, artwork, icons, and pretty much anything else you like. Adobe Illustrator uses mathematical formulas to scale images as opposed to pixels, which means resizing might strain your computer, but you get seamless and infinite resizing.

Adobe Illustrator is not free. You get a free seven-day trial and then have to pay $20.99 per month after that.

Affinity Designer

Affinity Designer is regarded by many as the best Adobe Illustrator alternative. It is great for beginners and experienced designers alike, offering an intuitive interface and user-friendly features. You can also use it for almost all design work, and its two notable features are its 8,000X history steps and 1,000,000% zoom. Both of these features make it perfect for working with clients who want even the smallest details to be perfect.

Picsart Sticker Maker

In the past few years, stickers have grown exponentially in popularity, and it is almost impossible to go a day without seeing at least one sticker in real life or on social media. They are great promotional tools because they can be added to books, flasks, guitars, laptops, social media, and so many other places. With stickers being such useful marketing tools, designers need a way to create them easily.

Picsart Sticker maker makes it easy to make your own stickers, you only have to upload your photo and work on it using the tool. The platform also makes it easier to share all your stickers online or print physical copies for distribution.

Canva

Canva is an all-around online design tool that you can use to design almost anything. It uses a drag-and-drop interface that is familiar to many people, and that makes it easy even for beginners to whip up some quick and professional-looking designs.

The tool also comes with lots of backgrounds, templates, fonts, and images to get you started. Do note that you need to pay to get access to some of the assets on the platform.

Canva also stands out due to its social media integration; you can post designs directly from Canva to your accounts.

Pixlr

Pixlr is an image editing tool that is a little different; it does not come with all the tools other apps do. It provides all the basic and essential tools you need without requiring you to learn how to use new tools or integrate them into your workflow. Because of this, Pixlr is perfect if you are looking for a tool to help you complete quick edits.

Pixlr is part of an ecosystem of complementary design tools and supports many of the popular design file formats. It also uses a drag-and-drop interface which makes things a lot easier, even for beginners. As with Canva, it also comes with numerous design tools and templates to get you started quickly.

There are different graphic design tools, apps, and platforms available depending on what you are looking for. For beginners, there are online apps with simple features that get simple products done, while for professionals there is software that makes it easier to handle and complete massive and complex design projects.

How to Protect Your Servers from Natural Disasters?

According to NASA, areas in the north of the U.S will experience higher rainfall, increasingly extreme hurricanes, and sea levels will rise by about eight feet by 2100. With climate change, extreme weather events have become much more frequent, and their magnitude has increased globally. This scenario presents a significant risk to server rooms and data centers by increasing the likelihood of water and fire damage.

Can Your Data Center and Business Recover After a Natural Disaster?

Data loss or inaccessibility after a natural disaster is a significant concern. After Hurricane Sandy in 2012, data centers in Manhattan had to extract water from the generator rooms and restore switchgear to become operational. In the U.K., flooding in Leeds caused immense water damage to a Vodafone facility that it had to close for several days.

According to the Insurance Information Institute, over 25% of businesses never reopen after an extreme weather event. Fortunately, preventing disaster-related downtime is possible through proper monitoring systems and a disaster recovery plan.

Tips To Protect Your Servers From Natural Disasters

Knowing which natural disasters to expect based on your server room and data center location can make the difference. Here’s how to protect your facility from the most common natural disasters.

1. Fire

Whether you wish to set up a new server room or bolster an existing one, here are several tips to fireproof the area and prevent data loss.

Include fire-resistant materials during construction

Three levels of fire protection exist.

  • Building level. Your data center should install systems that will safeguard the entire structure. These include extinguishers, fire sprinklers, and secondary protection like firewalls and floor assemblies, which ought to slow down the fire and prevent it from spreading.
  • Room level. If your data center is in the U.S., you are probably aware of National Fire Protection Association (NFPA) standards 75 and 76 which help safeguard tech equipment and telecommunication facilities.
  • Rack level. This protection level focuses on the server room and equipment inside.

Install suppression systems

Your country will have specific fire suppression system standards. Typically, data centers choose between two sprinkler systems, wet pipes or pre-engineered. The former will have water in its pipes which automatically flow once you trigger the fire alarm. The only con is that wet pipe sprinklers can suffer leakage, damaging the servers.

On the other hand, pre-engineered sprinklers require two-point activation to disperse water. It’s also the preferred choice for many businesses. Depending on the model, some pre-action sprinklers operate on a quadrant level. Therefore, they will only disperse water in that specific area once activated. Like the wet piping, this system poses a risk of water damage, so you should consider installing a gaseous system instead.

Gaseous systems employ a clean agent or inert gas. The latter uses nitrogen and argon to reduce the oxygen in the server room, thereby putting out the fire. Note that you will need to install sound muffling equipment to prevent damage to hard drives.

Clean agent systems like FM-200 are a better option. They eliminate the fire through absorption. Also, they have low emissions and are non-conductive and non-corrosive, making them environmentally friendly.

Schedule regular inspections

Regular inspections ensure you stay compliant. Typically, the expert will confirm that the suppression systems and fire alarm is in good condition. More importantly, they’ll inspect whether the fire protection interface meets the sensitivity prerequisites.

2. Flooding

Flooding can cause grave consequences from short circuits to corrosion. Besides rainfall-related flooding of a server room, several water sources can threaten the data security of your server room. These include:

  • Air conditioning units leakage
  • Condensation resulting from increased humidity
  • Groundwater leakage

Before taking action, you’ll need to perform a risk assessment to determine areas that require water leakage detection.

Install leakage monitoring systems

Monitoring systems are the simplest way to detect water leakage to prevent water damage. Various systems are available in the market. Typically, businesses choose between zone leak and distance-read leak monitoring systems. Zone leak detection is the ideal choice for small server rooms. In comparison, distance-read monitoring systems are suitable for large server rooms precisely because they can pinpoint the exact location

Which system should you choose? We recommend a centralized one that detects water leakage and humidity, motion, plus ambient temperature. A vital aspect of this system is a distribution list for fire alerts. Emails, SNMP, and SMS are excellent circulation, monitoring, and reporting channels.

Set up cable runs

Different leak detection cable runs range between two and fifty meters. These cables can go under power cables. And if any water starts leaking from the air conditioning systems or backup drains, these cables can detect with pinpoint precision and let you know the exact floor tile.

In case of leakage, swift action is paramount to save equipment and other items in the server room. An experienced water damage remediation company will perform immediate water extraction and contents restoration.

3. Earthquakes

Earthquakes impact the most damage to server rooms and data centers than any other natural disaster. Approximately 500,000 incidents occur globally. The double aftermath of IT equipment damage and downtime can result in business closure. And although the world is yet to come up with tech that would predict the exact time and location of an earthquake, there are seismic planning activities you can do to protect your servers.

Rigid bolting

Rigid bolting is the most common server protection approach. Doing so secures equipment racks to the floor. And as a result, it prevents the server racks from vibrating during an earthquake. While you may want to perform cabinet bolting instead, this method only protects the employees, and servers can only escape damage if it’s a mild earthquake.

Base isolation technology

Base isolation technology is a more effective earthquake protection method. It works by significantly decreasing the path through which vibrations pass. As a consequence, it channels the seismic motions away from your servers. If your data center is located in an earthquake-prone area, base isolation systems ensure your business achieves tier 4 classification, i.e., zero disruption to the critical load.

4. Hurricanes

Preventing power outages in your server room is perhaps the primary focus when preparing for hurricanes.

Here’s what you can do.

  • Install uninterrupted power supply(UPS). As a preventive measure, raise the UPS to prevent contact with water (limits the risk of sparking).
  • Have a dedicated support team available 24/7 to ensure you receive alerts in real-time.
  • Have standby generators. UPS is only ideal for a short-term outage. Generators might come in handy if the blackout is a longer-term occurrence. Ensure you enclose the structure with steel to offer added protection from the weather elements.
  • Implement the 3-2-1 rule. The 3-2-1 is a backup strategy that entails having three data copies and transferring two to 2 storage media, e.g., cloud and disk, to a remote location. Ensure to schedule test backup regularly.

Natural disasters have proven to be a significant threat to data centers. For some businesses, the equipment damage is beyond repair, and for others, the downtime results in loss of customer trust. Having robust monitoring and report systems can mitigate disaster-related damage, thereby ensuring business continuity. Preparedness always pays off. Ultimately, leaving your servers unprotected with such high stakes would be a miscalculation.

Syed Zain Nasir

I am Syed Zain Nasir, the founder of <a href=https://www.TheEngineeringProjects.com/>The Engineering Projects</a> (TEP). I am a programmer since 2009 before that I just search things, make small projects and now I am sharing my knowledge through this platform.I also work as a freelancer and did many projects related to programming and electrical circuitry. <a href=https://plus.google.com/+SyedZainNasir/>My Google Profile+</a>

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Syed Zain Nasir