The Engineering Projects

Design a 5V Power Supply in Proteus

Hello friends, hope you all are fine and enjoying in your life. In the previous post, we have seen How to use Oscilloscope in Proteus ISIS, today I am going share a new and a very important Tutorial which is How to Design a 5V Power Supply in Proteus? This project is very simple and of basic level but importance of this project is that it is used as a base in almost all large electronics project, designed now-a-days. When I start working on any project then the first thing, I need to design is this DC power supply, because without powering up the components, we can't use them. :)

While designing a 5V Power Supply in Proteus ISIS, we will be using Voltage Regulator IC, which is commonly known as 7805. This voltage regulator is used to regulate or change the voltage level of supply voltage. As we all know, most of the batteries available in market are of 12 volts. For example, if you have UPS at your homes then check its battery, it will be of 12V. Similarly, the battery of car or motorcycle is also of 12V. So, 12V has become the standard of electrical batteries. Now, we have known that all batteries are of 12V but the problem comes when we are dealing with sensitive electronic components because they are all designed to operate on 5 volts. Now, as I described earlier that, voltage source available is 12 volts and the operating equipment needs 5 volts to operate. So, we need an intermediate source or such type of DC Power Supply, which can convert the source voltage (12 volts) to operating voltage (5 volts). This problem is eliminated by using 7805 IC, and that’s why it is called Voltage Regulating IC.

So dear Friends, today we will design a 5V power supply, which will be able to change Voltage Level and will provide us our desired voltage. But as I always say, that practice makes a man perfect. Try to design it yourself so that, you also get to know the real application of Voltage Regulator IC. So, let's get started with designing of 5V power supply in Proteus ISIS.

How to Design a 5V Power Supply in Proteus

• You can download the complete simulation of 5V Power Supply in Proteus by clicking the below button:

Design a 5V Power Supply in Proteus

• Voltage Regulating IC 7805 has 3 pins.
  • Pin # 1 is used as input pin and it is connected to supply voltages. It is marked as (VI). DC +12 volts are applied to this pin.
  • Pin # 2 is called common or ground pin. It is marked as (GND). The whole circuit's common is applied to this pin.
  • Pin # 3 is the output pin of 7805. If 12 volts are applied to its input than it automatically generates 5 volts on this pin. This pin is marked as (VO).
• Now, moving towards the designing of the hardware, first of all place all the components in Proteus workspace, as shown in image below:

• In Hardware implementation, first off all apply source voltage (12 volts) to the input pin of 7805 IC. 2 capacitors are also connected in parallel with the source voltage and their ratings are 1000 uf and 100pf respectively.
• On the other side of IC, we also connect 2 capacitors parallel to the gained output voltage (5 volts), and their ratings are 100pf and 100uf respectively. And a LED is also connected in parallel on the load side.
• If you have placed all the components in their perfect place and all the connections are OK, then the resultant proteus simulation will look like as shown in the below image:

• Now if you closely observe the above image then you will notice that Capacitors connected across the 12 volts are of HIGH rating while the Capacitors connected across LED are of LOW rating. The purpose of applying capacitors is to remove noise from our DC voltages. As, we all know that DC voltage source available in market is not that much pure. So, to get pure DC wave Capacitors are connected across it.
• Now when you will run the final simulation then it will look like, as shown in the image given below:

• As you can see that when i ran the simulation, the LED started to glow. Now here is an important thing to note that i have applied a resistance in series with LED. The value of resistance is very low, and very low voltages appear across this resistor. This resistor limits the current and if we directly connect the LED then, their will be chances that the LED may burn out.
• We can justify it as: From ohms law : V=IR, and by rearranging it, we get : I=V/R .
• Now if we remove resistor then R=0, which means: I=V/0 and it lead us to conclude that: I= infinity or maximum in this case. So the only purpose of the resistor is to limit current.

Alright friends, that’s all for today, I hope now you can design a 5V power supply quite easily in Proteus. If you have some queries, then ask in comments. Subscribe us via email to get these tutorials straight in your inbox. In the next tutorial, I have discussed Variable Voltage Modulation using LM317 in Proteus ISIS.

 

LM317 Voltage Regulator in Proteus

Hello friends, hope you all are fine and having fun. In today's post we are gonna have a look at LM317 Voltage Regulator in Proteus. In the previous post, we have seen how to design a 5V Power Supply in Proteus ISIS, which I have designed using IC regulator 7805. Today I am going to share How to design LM317 Voltage Regulator Circuit in Proteus. This DC power supply is a variable one means you can set its output voltage to any level you want. In order to change its output value we have used a variable resistor and by changing its value you can change the output value. It is a basic level project and very simple but used as a base to design large industrial projects. In this project, we are going to control the speed of a DC Motor and the corresponding voltages, appearing across it. The reason for designing this variable DC power supply is that, when you are working on some engineering project then each electronic module has its own power level i.e. xbee module works on 3.3V while Arduino board works on 5V. So, there's a need to design such power supply which can provide variable voltages and we can set them according to our demand. So, for all Microcontrollers like Arduino or PIC Microcontroller or 8051 Microcontroller, I designed 5V Power supply using 7805 but for 3.3V modules like XBee, NRF24L01 etc I design this variable DC power supply using LM317. I hope now you got the importance of this LM317 Voltage Regulator.

To design this, we will be using LM317k. Basically, it is a Voltage Regulator IC. It has 3 pins. Pin # 2 is for input voltages, marked as VI. Pin # 3 is for output voltages, marked as VO, and pin # 1 is used for Regulating Voltages and it is marked as ADJ. Further, if you notice the circuit diagram, which is given in the figure, then you will see that pin # 1 is connected to a Potentiometer. Potentiometer is a Variable Resistor device and it is also known as Voltage Divider. The feature of this electronic device is that, we can adjust the voltage through it according to our own choice. It operates on 12 Volts and it gives us ease that, we can adjust its voltages from 0 to MAXIMUM (which is 12 volts in most cases). Further if we notice the circuit, then we will see that a LED is connected in parallel with a simple DC motor and a voltmeter is also connected in parallel with Motor to monitor the voltages appearing across it. Above information was a little demo about the individual components of the circuit, now let’s be practical and move towards Hardware and see how actually Electronic components respond. You should also have a look at Introduction to LM317, if you wanna read all the basics about it. So let's get started with LM317 Voltage Regulator in Proteus:

LM317 Voltage Regulator in Proteus ISIS

• You can download this complete LM317 Voltage Regulator simulation by clicking the below button but I recommend you to design it on your own so that you learn most from it.

Download Proteus Simulation

• First of all, place all the components in Proteus workspace, as shown in image:

• A 12-Volt DC supply is provided to input pin (# 2) of LM317 and potentiometer is connected to Adjustable pin of LM317, which is, pin # 1.

• At output pin we have connected DC Motor and a Voltmeter is also connected in parallel with Motor.

• The complete circuit, ready for simulation is shown below in image:

Stage # 1

• Set the potentiometer at 0% and run the simulation, you will notice that Motor will rotate very slowly in clock-wise direction and 1.25 volts will appear on the voltmeter across it. If all the connections are OK, and when you will run the simulation, LM317 Voltage Regulator simulation will look like as shown in the image below:

Note:

• If you don't want to use the variable resistance, then you should use this LM317 Calculator to get value of your second resistance.

Stage # 2

• Now, set the potentiometer value to 11% and you will see that, Motor will start to rotate with a faster rate and on voltmeter scale, we will see 6.40 volts. In this setting, the interesting thing is, LED will start to Flash and it will turn ON & OFF automatically. This phenomenon can be seen in images below:

• Stage # 2 is our transient stage. When the potentiometers setting is below 11%, voltage appears across the motor and it also rotates but LED doesn’t glow. On the other hand, when potentiometers setting is above 11%, then LED glows continuously while motor also rotates as before, and voltmeter also gives some particular values of voltages appearing across the motor.

Stage # 3

• Now at final stage, set potentiometer to 100% and you will observe that motor is rotating with full speed and voltmeter reading will be 10.6 volts while LED is glowing continuously. This stage of the simulation can be seen in the image below:

Now, we can conclude that, LM317 is the monitoring device of this circuit. We can set the value of potentiometer according to our own choice and by this, the speed of motor can be controlled and also the corresponding voltages, appearing across it.

Here's the video in which I have given the detailed introduction of LM317 and have also run its simulation:

Alright friends, that's all for today and I hope now you can easily design this LM317 Voltage Regulator. In the next post, I have discussed DC Motor Drive circuit in Proteus ISIS . Till than take care and be safe !!! :)

How to use LDR Sensor in Proteus

In today's post, I am gonna share how to use LDR sensor in Proteus. Proteus, as we all know, is a very handy software and is used for circuit and PCB designing. It is also used for circuit and programming testing. It is normally used by engineers in their projects and contains a vast list of built-in components. I have posted a lot of tutorials on Proteus and I have got quite a positive feedback from the reader about these tutorials. So, I thought to share another component in Proteus which is quite hidden and I haven't seen much posts on it available online.

So, in today's post, first I am gonna explain what is LDR sensor? and we will see where it is used and how it is used. After that I will design a simple circuit in Proteus in which I will turn control a LED using LDR sensor andwill make it ON and OFF. So, as usual let's start from the beginning so that the newcomers could also get benefit from it.

What is LDR Sensor?

• LDR is an abbreviation of Light dependent resistor. It is also known as photoresistor or photocell.
• Its symbol is shown in the below figure:

 

• LDR Sensor is used for the detection of light, internally it has a resistance which is sensitive to light as shown in the symbol.
• Whenever light falls on the LDR sensor, its resistance start decreasing and when it comes to dark then its resistance start increasing. Using the value of resistance one can easily detect whether there's light or not.
• It is normally used in light activated switches.For instance, you have seen the automatic street lights, which go ON when its night and automatically go OFF when its day time. In those street lights, LDR sensors are used.

Working of LDR Sensor

• As I explained above, it has an internaal resistance which is very sensitive to light intensity and varies according to it.
• So, one thing is quite clear that LDR sensor is an analog sensor. It gives us different values depending on the light intensity falling on it.
• Let's have a look on the simplest circuit of LDR sensor, which is shown in the below figure:

• Now if you check the above image you can see we have placed a resistor in series with the LDR sensor and have applied a voltage source across them.
• Now when the light will fall on the LDR sensor, its resistance will go LOW and in return the voltage across the LDR will also go LOW and as the LDR will come in dark, the resistance will go HIGH and in return the voltage will also go HIGH.
• Its the simplest working phenomena of LDR sensor. Now if you are using the LDR sensor with some microcontroller then what you need to do is simply give this intermediate connection of resistor and LDR to microcontroller.

Circuit Designing of LDR Sensor in Proteus

• Now we know the basics of LDR sensor and have also seen how it works so now let's design its circuit in Proteus.
• There are two types of LDR sensors available in Proteus which are exactly the same in functioning but are different in operating. Both are shown in the below figure:

• The first one has a digital display along with it on which the voltage value is displayed while the second one a bit more animated and has a torch with it, so when you press the up arrow the torch will come closer and in other words the light is falling on the LDR and when you press the down arrow the the torch will go away and your LDR is in dark now.
• Both of these states are shown in below figure:

• Now you can see both the states quite clearly, in the first state torch is away so LDR is in dark while in second state, torch is close so LDR is ON.
• So, now let's design their circuit to control a LED with LDR Sensor in Proteus. In order to do so, design this simple circuit in Proteus as shown in below figure:

Note:

• I have also designed this circuit on hardware and tested, it works perfectly as shown in the simulation.

• Its a very simple circuit in which I am using a comparator and then giving output to LED. When the LDR is in dark then the LED will remain OFF and when the LDR will go into light then the LED will turn ON.
• Both of these states are shown in below figure:

• Now you can see when the voltage on the digital display of LDR were LOW then the LED was OFF and when Iincreased the voltage then the LED went ON.
• Now let's check both of these states with the second LDR sensor in Proteus, which are shown in the below figure:

• Again quite obvious, when the torch was away then LDR was in dark and the LED was OFF but in second state when I moved the torch close the LED went ON.
• Here's the Proteus Simulation of LDR sensor attached below, download and play with it. :)

Download LDR Sensor in Proteus Simulation

That's all for today, if you have any problem ask in comments and I will reply them. Take care and have fun !!! :)

Ultrasonic Sensor Library for Proteus

Hello friends, hope you all are fine and having good health. In today's post, I am going to share an Ultrasonic Sensor Library for Proteus. A few days ago, I posted a tutorial on Arduino Library for Proteus, and today I am going to share the new Ultrasonic Sensor Library for Proteus. Using this library, you can easily interface Ultrasonic Sensors with different Microcontrollers like Arduino, PIC Microcontroller etc.

First of all, let's have a brief introduction to ultrasonic sensor. In an ultrasonic sensor, there are two nodes available, one is the transmitter while the other is the receiver. The transmitter sends an ultrasonic wave and this wave strikes any hindrance present in front of it and then bounces back. This bounced ultrasonic sensor is then captured by the receiver and on the basis of the time taken by this wave to return, the sensor calculates the distance of that obstacle from that sensor.

The Ultrasonic sensor is usually used for detecting the obstacle in the path and also to find the distance between the sensor and the obstacle. The ultrasonic sensor normally used is HC-SR04, which we have designed in this library. Let's get started with Ultrasonic Sensor Library for Proteus, in this library we have used an extra pin on the ultrasonic sensor, which is an analog pin. The voltage on that pin is used to detect how close an object is because it's a simulation and we can't place an actual object in front of the simulated sensor. Moreover, you should also have a look at this Home automation Project using XBee & Arduino, I have used this ultrasonic sensor in that project.

I hope you are going to enjoy this library. This library is designed by our team after a lot of effort, if you have any feedback to improve, please let us know. So, let's get started with Ultrasonic Sensor Library for Proteus and its interfacing with Arduino.

Note:

• Other Proteus Libraries are as follows:
  • Arduino Library for Proteus.
  • Genuino Library for Proteus.
  • GPS Library for Proteus.
  • GSM Library for Proteus.
  • XBee Library for Proteus.
  • PIR Library for Proteus.
  • Bluetooth Library for Proteus.
  • DS1307 Library for Proteus.
• Moreover, for hardware implementation of the Ultrasonic Sensor with Arduino, check below posts:
  • Interfacing of Single Ultrasonic Sensor With Arduino.
  • Interfacing of Multiple Ultrasonic Sensor With Arduino.
• I have also posted more examples of Ultrasonic Sensor Simulation in Proteus, have a look at them and you will get a complete understanding of this sensor.

Ultrasonic Sensor Library For Proteus

• First of all download this Ultrasonic Sensor Library for Proteus, by clicking on the below button.

Ultrasonic Sensor Library for Proteus

• In this ultrasonic sensor library for Proteus, you will find three files which are:
  • UltrasonicTEP.IDX
  • UltrasonicTEP.LIB
  • UltrasonicTEP.HEX
• Now, place these three files in the library folder of your Proteus software.

Note:

• If you are new to Proteus 7 or 8 Professional, then you should read How to add new Library in Proteus 8 Professional.

• Now start your Proteus software and in the components list, search for the Ultrasonic sensor and place it in your workspace as shown in the below figure:

• Now we have our ultrasonic sensor in Proteus but if you run it then it won't work as we haven't yet added any functionality in it.
• So, in order to add the functionality double click this ultrasonic sensor and open its properties.
• In properties, select the Program File section and browse to UltrasonicTEP.HEX file and upload it as shown in below figure:

• Now our ultrasonic sensor is ready to be used.
• Now let's make a simple example for an ultrasonic sensor, so that you get an idea of how to use it in Proteus.

Ultrasonic Simulation in Proteus

• After adding the Ultrasonic Sensor Library for Proteus, open your Proteus ISIS software or restart it, if it's already open.
• Now search for the below components in the Proteus Components Library and add them in your workspace as shown in the below figure.

Components Used

Here's the list of components, which I have used for designing this Proteus Simulation:

• Arduino UNO
• Ultrasonic Sensor HC-SR04
• LED
• Variable Resistor

Proteus Simulation

• After adding these components, now design a simulation as shown in the below figure:

• Now in this example, I am receiving data from Ultrasonic Sensor and then printing this data over Virtual Terminal in Proteus, if you are not much familiar with Virtual Terminal, then read How to use Virtual Terminal in Proteus ISIS.
• Now open your Arduino software and paste the below code in it and compile it to get the hex file, read Arduino Library for Proteus to know how to get the Arduino Simulation in Proteus.
• You must also read How to get the hex file from Arduino Software.

const int pingPin = 7; // Trigger Pin of Ultrasonic Sensor
const int echoPin = 6; // Echo Pin of Ultrasonic Sensor

void setup()
{
Serial.begin(9600); // Starting Serial Terminal
}

void loop()
{
long duration, inches, cm;
pinMode(pingPin, OUTPUT);
digitalWrite(pingPin, LOW);
delayMicroseconds(2);
digitalWrite(pingPin, HIGH);
delayMicroseconds(10);
digitalWrite(pingPin, LOW);

pinMode(echoPin, INPUT);
duration = pulseIn(echoPin, HIGH);
inches = microsecondsToInches(duration);
cm = microsecondsToCentimeters(duration);

Serial.print(inches);
Serial.print("in, ");
Serial.print(cm);
Serial.print("cm");
Serial.println();

delay(100);
}

long microsecondsToInches(long microseconds)
{
return microseconds / 74 / 2;
}

long microsecondsToCentimeters(long microseconds)
{
return microseconds / 29 / 2;
}

• It's quite a simple code and is self-explanatory, if you still got some trouble then ask in the comments and I will reply to them. I have simply used the ping example in Arduino Examples and slightly modified it.
• After getting the hex file, now upload it to Arduino in Proteus by clicking the properties.
• Click on the Start button and if everything's gone fine then you will see an output as shown in the below figure:

• As you can see in the above figure, the virtual terminal is showing distance values, now this value depends on the variable resistance attached to the ultrasonic sensor.
• As you change the value of the variable resistance, the voltage on that particular pin will also change and on the basis of that, you will get the distance in inches and centimeters on the virtual terminal.
• Arduino code and hex file along with the Proteus Simulation for this ultrasonic example are attached below. You can download it by clicking on the below button but I would suggest you to design it on your own, it will help you in learning.
• You should also have a look at these Arduino Projects for Beginners.

Download Code and Proteus Simulation

That's all for today, in the coming post I am gonna share some more examples of how to use ultrasonic sensor in Proteus. Till then take care and have fun.

Arduino Lilypad Simulation in Proteus

Yesterday, I have posted a new Arduino Lilypad / Nano Library for Proteus in which we have seen how to add that library into Proteus so that you could be able to use these boards in Proteus. That was quite easy. Today I am gonna post a small project in which we will see how to use that library and produce an Arduino Lilypad simulation in Proteus. In this Arduino Lilypad simulation in Proteus, I am gonna use obviously he Arduino Lilypad board along with few LED lightsand will make them blink. Its also quite easy and you can also download the simulation and the hex file at the end of this project but I would suggest you to do it yourself so that you learn something out of it.

Before starting this project, you must have first integrated the Arduino Lilypad Library as without it you wont be abe to do this project. So, if you haven't downloaded it yet then you should read the previous post Arduino Lilypad / Nano Library for Proteus first. Lets get started with this project.

Arduino Lilypad Simulation in Proteus

• Now I assue that you have already downloaded the Arduino Lilypad Library for Proteus and are ready to use it within Proteus.
• So open Proteus ISIS and get these components from the Proteus components library as shown in below figure:

• After getting these components, draw a circuit in Proteus as shown in the below figure:

• You can clearly see in the above figure, the Arduino Lilypad Simulation in Proteus. After that you need to write a code for Arduino Lilypad so that you could get the hex file for it.
• In this project, I have used three LED lights and make them ON and OFF using the switch button. If the button is not pressed then the LEDs will remain ON and when you hit the button , the LEDs will go OFF.
• Copy the below code and paste it into the Arduino software and compile.

int analogPin = A0;
int ledCount = 3;

int ledPins[] = {
2, 3, 4};

void setup() {
// loop over the pin array and set them all to output:
for (int thisLed = 0; thisLed < ledCount; thisLed++) {
pinMode(ledPins[thisLed], OUTPUT);
}
}

void loop() {
// read the potentiometer:
int sensorReading = analogRead(analogPin);
// map the result to a range from 0 to the number of LEDs:
int ledLevel = map(sensorReading, 0, 1023, 0, ledCount);

// loop over the LED array:
for (int thisLed = 0; thisLed < ledCount; thisLed++) {
// if the array element's index is less than ledLevel,
// turn the pin for this element on:
if (thisLed < ledLevel) {
digitalWrite(ledPins[thisLed], HIGH);
}
// turn off all pins higher than the ledLevel:
else {
digitalWrite(ledPins[thisLed], LOW);
}
}
}

• After compiling this code, get the hex file of code. The hex file and this simulation file is also given at the end of this post so you can download it from there.
• Now upload this hex file into this Arduino Lilypad and hit the RUN button

Note:

• If you dont know how to get the hex file from Arduino software, then read Arduino Library For Proteus.

• If everything's goes fine then as youhit the run button, the LEDs will get ON as shown in the below figure:

• Now, when you press the button, these LEDs will go OFF as shown in the below figure:

• That's all, you have successfully implemented the Arduino Lilypad simulation in Proteus. :)
• In order to download this simulation and the hex file, click on the below buttons.

Download Proteus Simulation

Arduino Lilypad Library for Proteus

Hello friends, few day ago I have posted a tutorial on how to do Arduino Simulation in Proteus. In that post, we have used an Arduino Library for Proteus but as this library is in its initial phases that's why currently it supports only three basic Arduino boards which are Arduino UNO, Arduino Mega2560 and Arduino Mega1280. But as we know there are numerous Arduino boards which are used these days. So, I searched a little and I came across this amazing Arduino Lilypad Library for Proteus which has the support for few other arduino boards, so I thought to share it with you guys. I have tested this library myself as always and its 100% working. I have tested it on Proteus 7 and I think it will work fine on Proteus 8 as well. As we have the support for above three boards in the previous library so the two new boards here are Arduino Lilypad and Arduino Nano, both of them are quite used these days. I have explained it in detail, step by step below, if you still feel problem in any step then ask in comments.This library has the support for following boards:

• Arduino UNO
• Arduino UNO SMD
• Arduino Mega
• Arduino Nano
• Arduino Lilypad

Note:

• This library isn't designed by our team so all credit goes to its creator, who is blogembarcado. Hats off dude !!!
• We are just spreading the knowledge so that more and more engineers could get benefit out of it.
• I have also posted Ultrasonic Sensor Library for Proteus, which you can download, using this library you can simulate Ultrasonic Sensor in Proteus, moreover you can also download different examples on Ultrasonic Sensor Simulation in Proteus to get a complete grip on this sensor.

Arduino Lilypad Library for Proteus

• First of all, download this new Arduino Lilypad Library for Proteus by clicking on the button below:

Arduino Lilypad Library for Proteus

• Once you downloaded the rar file, extract the file named as "BLOGEMBARCADO.LIB".
• Now place this file in the library folder of Proteus, which, in my case, is "C:\Program Files (x86)\Labcenter Electronics\Proteus 7 Professional\LIBRARY". I hope it will give you the idea where to place the file.
• After placing the file in this folder, now open the Proteus ISIS and click on the component selection button.
• In the search box write "Arduino" and the list of all the arduino boards will be shown immediately as shown in the below figure:

• You can see all the five boards in the above figure and you can select any of them.There's also another components in the list which is ultrasonic sensor. Yes, this library also supports ultrasonic sensor but I haven't tested it yet that's why didn't mentioned it, I will test this sensor soon and then will also explain its working.
• Now you can select any of these boards and can start working on them rite away. All the five boards are shown in the below figure:

• The two new Arduino boards in this library are shown below:

• So, now simply design your circuit and write the code in the Arduino ide. After writing the code, get the hex file from arduino software and upload it to these boards.

Note:

• If you don't know how to get the hex file from Arduino software, then read Arduino Library for Proteus.

• In order to upload the hex file simply double click it and the properties window will pop up. In the Properties window, there will be an option named Program File. In this Program File, browse for the hex file and upload it.
• Now run your Proteus simulation and it will work like charm.
• I will post few projects on these boards soon as soon as I get time to write them, so stay tuned and have fun.
• I have posted a small project on how to use Arduino Lilypad in Proteus which you can read and download from Arduino Lilypad Simulation in Proteus.

How to Control Relay in Proteus ISIS

Hello friends, hope you all are fine and having fun. In the previous posts, we have discussed DC motor Control in Proteus ISIS and after that we have discussed the Stepper Motor Control in Proteus ISIS and finally we had a look at Servo Motor Control in Proteus ISIS. Now when you talk about motors control then first thing came in mind is Relay, because relay is the best way of controlling any motor. In today's post, we are gonna have a look at How to Control Relay in Proteus ISIS. Relay is a key components of any electronics or electrical circuit and is usually a problem for the engineers and students. Although, its not as difficult as it seems so I thought to post about it.

In today's post, we will first simulate the Relay in a simple circuit in which when you run the simulation, the relay will automatically got activated and after that we will go in a bit detail and will control relay using a logic, i.e. when you provide +5V to it then the relay will go activated and when you give GNd then it will de-energize. I will explain it below in detail how to use it with Microcontroller. Moreover, if you are planning to work on Relay then you should also check What is a Relay and How to use it? and should also have a look at Relay Interfacing with Microcontroller using ULN2003 and finally must check this one as well Relay Control using 555 timer in Proteus ISIS.If you have any questions. related to it then ask in comments and I will try my best to reply your queries. Let's get started with designing of control relay in Proteus ISIS.

Simple Control Relay Circuit in Proteus ISIS

• First of all, we are gonna simulate a simple control relay circuit in which we will manually turn on or off the relay.
• Open Proteus ISIS and select the below components, as shown in below figure, from the components library of Proteus, if you don't know how to do it then check our earlier posts on Proteus.

• Now, design a circuit as shown in below figure:

• The circuit is self explanatory, first we have used a simple 12V battery to power up the simulation, after that there's a small led attached, which will indicate that whether proper power is supplied to the system or not. Next is our relay, which is named as RL1 in the above figure.
• After the relay, we have placed a simple 12V lamp, so now when the relay will be energized, this lamp will glow up and when the relay is de-energized, the lamp will remain off. As in the above figure, the simulation is off, that's why the lamp isn't glowing.
• After designing the circuit, now click on the run button and if everything goes fine, then the lamp will glow as shown in below figure:

• So, now you can see the small led is also ON, I have used green that's why its showing green color indicating that power supply is working.
• If you compare the off state and on state simulation then you will see that the Relay is now connected with second terminal and thus completing the circuit for lamp and lamp is also now glowing.

Complex Relay simulation in Proteus ISIS

• Now, we are gonna design a bit more complex control  relay simulation in Proteus ISIS, it's not much complicated but needs a bit more care while simulating.
• In previous section, we have seen a simple circuit which is operated manually means in order to turn it on or off you have to turn on or off the power supply but normally, it is required that the relay must be controlled by some microcontroller automatically.
• As the microcontrollers normally work on 5V so in order to control a 12V relay using 5V microcontroller, we need to use transistor. In that case, when you give +5V the relay got actuated and when you give GND then relay get turned off.
• So, first of all get these components from the Arduino components library.

• Now, design the circuit as shown in the below figure:

• As this tutorial is about relays so I haven't used microcontroller here, instead I used this logic state, it will work same as microcontroller. So the above circuit is quite similar to the simple circuit we have seen in the above section. The only difference here is the NPN transistor.
• Now, we are not providing the supply directly to the relay, instead we are providing it via this transistor. So, when the logid state is zero means ground, the transistor won't work and the supply cant reached to the relay and when we make the logic 1 means +5V on the base of transostor, then the relay circuit will complete and the relay will be energized.
• Now run the simulation, the off state is shown below:

• In the above figure, you can see that the led goes on because the power is supplied to the circuit but the lamp is still OFF and the relay is also not energized because the logic state is a low level i.e. 0.
• Now click on the logic state to make it on high level i.e. +5V, the on state is shown in below figure:

• Now you can see that as we make the logic state high, now relay got connected and the lamp is also ON. So by comparing both ON and OFF states, you can easily get the idea how the relay is operating.

Note:

• If you are planning on using the relay with microcontroller, then simply remove this logic state and connect the base of transistor with the output pin of microcontroller and when you low the microcontroller pin relay will get de energized and and when you make the pin high, it will get energized.

• That's all for today, hope you have got something out of it. In the next post I will show how to simulate a DC motor using relay. Till then take care. :))

PCB Designing in Proteus ARES

Hello friends, today's the last post of this Proteus tutorial. I have tried my best to explain everything but knowledge is limitless so explore this software, play with it and you will know many new things. Today's topic is about the PCB designing in Proteus. When you install Proteus, you have seen that along with ISIS there's also another package named as Proteus ARES. This Proteus ARES is used for PCB designing. You should also check the Arduino UNO PCB Design for Proteus ARES.

In order to design the PCB in Proteus ARES, first you need to make the circuit of that PCB in Proteus ISIS. You can also make PCB directly but I recommend that use Proteus ISIS first, its quite the easy approach as you don't need to do anything in it and the software intelligence helps you throughout the designing. Here's the list of Top 10 PCB Design Software. So let's get started with PCB Designing in Proteus ARES:

PCB Designing in Proteus ARES

• As in this tutorial, I just want to give you an idea of How to design PCB that's why I haven't taken difficult circuit, just a simple PIC basic circuit.
• First design your circuit in Proteus ISIS as shown in below figure:

Components Used:

These components are used while designing this simulation:

• PIC16F877a.
• Resistors. ( We need 1 resistor of 10k ohm )
• Capacitors. ( We need 2 capacitors of 33pF )
• Crystal Oscillator. ( 16MHz )

Working Principle:

•  After you got sure that your circuit is perfect and ready for designing, then click on the Tools and then Netlist to ARES as shown below:

•  After clicking, Proteus ARES will be opened.
• Now in Proteus ARES, select the block option from left toolbar and also make sure that you selected Board Edge in the below drop down menu as shown in below figure:

•  Now make a rectangular block in the workspace, this block is actually the boundary of your PCB.
• You can set its proper dimensions and can also re-size it manually using the mouse.

•  Now select the component option from the left toolbar, it will show all the components used in your circuit.

•  Place all these components in the workspace one by one as shown below. These green lines shown in the below image is actually the software intelligence.
• Using the circuit, it gives us the routes automatically and we don't need to panic any more just need to follow these route, if we are doing manually routing.

•  Now there are two ways of adding routing, first method is auto routing.
• To do auto routing, click on Tools and then Auto Router and a property box will open where you can set many different option for routing like the width of route and the PCB layers etc.
• After selecting your properties just click on Begin Routing.

•  And then a magic will start and you PCB will become ready as shown in below figure:

•  Second method is manual routing, you can do manual routing by clicking the edges just like we connect wires in Proteus ISIS. For manual routing select the option shown in below figure and start routing.

That's it. I don't think its much difficult. I am gonna stop this tutorial here. I have tried my best to share my knowledge about Proteus. IF you guys having any problem in part of this tutorial, feel free to contact me. Take care.

Component Designing in Proteus ISIS

Hello friends, hope you all are having fun in your life. Today's tutorial is about the component designing in Proteus ISIS. This tutorial actually deals with the presentation of your project. Usually when students give presentation of their projects, then it is asked that add the circuit diagram of their project. Now when students open Proteus in order to design their circuit, they found out that the components they have used in their project are not available in the Proteus Directory. Now what to do ? In that case, there's a need to design your own component in Proteus and place it in the circuit. Although, this new designed component won't work as the real component but for presenting the circuit, it will be enough. ofr example, we don't have Arduino boards in Proteus software. so, I have designed some of the Arduino baords myself for Proteus which you can download from Arduino Library for Proteus. Similarly, it usually happens to me during my freelancing work to design some circuit and when I don't find the required component in the Proteus library then I simply design it on my own and then create its PCB. We will check the PCB designing of such components in the coming posts of this tutorial. So, now let's get started with component designing in Proteus ISIS.

Component Designing in Proteus ISIS

• Now I am going to design a simple component having 4 pins.
• First of all select the 2D Graphics Box Mode as shown in the below figure.

• Now click on the workspace and drag the cursor to create a box, as shown in the below figure.

• We have created the body of our component, now there's a need to add pins in it.
• For this, click on the Device Pins Mode as shown in the below figure and click on the workspace.
• It will add a small pin, attach this pin with the box as I did in the below figure.

Note:

• The pin has a small green bubble on it. Make sure that this end is not connected with the box as this bubble end is for the wire.

• I have added four pins with the box. Now there's a need to name these pins. For this purpose, double click any of the attached pin and the properties box will open up as shown in the below figure.
• Mention the Pin Name and the Default Pin Number, it will appear on the component and then click on Next.

• When you click Next, it will ask for the same things for the second pin and so on.
• When you fill these info for all the four pins then click OK.
• Now when you click the ok button, your component will now look as shown in the below figure.

•  I have given my pins the names as Vcc, GND, Output, Signal.
• We have completed all the info of our product, now there's a need to add this component in our library.
• For this purpose, select the whole component and then right click and select Make Device.

•  When you click on this option a new dialog box will open up as shown in below figure.
• In this dialog box, you just need to give info of your new component so that you can search it easily in your Proteus library.
• Just fill the Device Name in it and click Next. I have given the name Test Device to my component.

•  Now click Next and go on clicking Next, unless you reach at the below page.
• Here you need to place your component in the category. Choose the appropriate category for your product and click on OK.

•  That's it. Now your component has been added to the library. Open your part list and search for the component like in my case I search for Test Device and the below component appeared in my list.

That's all for today. If you have any questions regarding this tutorial, ask in comments and I will reply them. Take care.

Stepper Motor Drive Circuit in Proteus ISIS

Hello friends, hope you all are healthy, wealthy and wise. Today's topic is about the control of stepper motor. In the last post we have seen How to control DC motor in Proteus, and now we are gonna see How to design a Stepper Motor Drive Circuit in Proteus ISIS. Stepper motors are usually of two types and the main difference between the two is in the number of wires used to control them. Mostly stepper motors use 6 wires to control them but few of them also have 4 wires to control them. Today we will have a look on the 6 wired stepper motor. In stepper motor, there are electromagnets which gets polarized when we supply voltage to them and depolarized when we remove the voltage. These electromagnets act as a stater and when one side get magnetize, it attracts the rotor towards it and then we need to magnetize the other side and demagnetize the previous one and in this ways if the sequence is right the motor starts moving.

Stepper Motor Drive Circuit in Proteus ISIS

• First of all, add the below two components from the Proteus library in the workspace.

•  Now design the circuit as shown in the below figure:

•  This circuit is just for understanding purposes. Now I have added four states in the circuit, when I make any state one that stator got magnetize and the motor rotor will attract towards that stator and start moving.
• In the below series of images, I have shown the clockwise movement of motor.

• Now, as you can see from the above sequence of images, the motor is moving in the clockwise direction as I am supplying voltage in the clockwise direction.
• Now, if I reverse the order of applied voltage the motor will also reverse its direction and will move in the counter clockwise direction.
• The speed of the motor will depend on the speed of this sequenced voltages. If you apply these voltages with delay, the motor will move slow and if you apply them fast and continuously, the motor will rotate quite fast i.e. rpm of motor will increase.

Stepper Motor Control with Microcontroller

• Now, in order to control this motor using stepper motor, simply connect these wires with four pins of microcontroller and apply a sequenced voltage in programming and the motor will run quite smoothy.
• I will upload the video of the stepper motor control with microcontroller soon in this post.

That's it for today and I hope now you got the idea how to design a Stepper motor Drive Circuit in Proteus ISIS. In the next post, we will have a look at How to design a Servo Motor Drive Circuit in Proteus ISIS. So, we will meet in the next post hopefully. Take care.