Lets see what happens

C# ProgressBar Control
Departments:
  1. Computer Science
Codings:
  1. C#
Softwares:
  1. Microsoft Visual Studio
I hope you are doing good, In the tutorial, I'm going to explore C# ProgressBar Control. C# ProgressBar is used to express progress of any process. When you have to perform a long process within your desktop application then you have to use C# ProgressBar to show a user how much time left or how much progress is done. You can use C# ProgressBar for multiple purposes such as the downloading of life and result retrieving.

C# ProgressBar Control

A progress bar is used to show the progress of any process which takes a long time compared to normal processes. Mostly you have viewed these kinds of progress bar during the installation of software. C# ProgressBar has three parameters, Maximum, Minimum and the value. Maximum represents the max progress or upper range of progress and minimum represent the min progress or lower value or range, where the value is the current point of a progress bar. By default in C# ProgressBar, the value of minimum is set to zero and maximum is 100. Progress bar filled from left to right as the universal standard. You can easily drag and drop the C# ProgressBar from the GUI toolbox to your desktop application. By default, the first instance of C# ProgressBar named as the ProgressBar1. If you are wanted to preview the outcome of progress bar then you can simply set the value in the initialize phase, as you can observe in the following code we have used four progress bar with different values. 
using System;
using System.Collections.Generic;
using System.ComponentModel;
using System.Data;
using System.Drawing;
using System.Linq;
using System.Text;
using System.Threading.Tasks;
using System.Windows.Forms;

namespace TEPArticle
{
    public partial class Form1 : Form
    {
        public Form1()
        {
            InitializeComponent();
            progressBar1.Value = 25;
            progressBar2.Value = 50;
            progressBar3.Value = 75;
            progressBar4.Value = 100;
        }      
    }
}
You can observe that we have used four progress bars which have values as 25, 50, 75 and 100. As you know the default value of the minimum range is zero and max range is 100 that's why we have used above values to demonstrate the states of the progress bar. In the following image, you can be observed the output of above code with progress bar states. Default instance named as progressbar1,2,3 and so on following. If you want to rename the object name of progress bar according to you then you have to visit the properties tab after selecting the relative progress bar and then change the name as you can be observed in the following image. If you are wanted to change the size of ProgressBar according to absolute values then there are two methods which you can use. The first method is, you have to select the relative ProgressBar then go to the properties tab and search for the size where you can insert the absolute values to resize the ProgressBar according to your requirements. In the following image, you can be observed the flow of actions. The second method is to do the same action with the help of programming code. We have to use the Size property and pass the values of the width and height in the constructor of Size. You can be observed the following code for better understanding. 
using System;
using System.Collections.Generic;
using System.ComponentModel;
using System.Data;
using System.Drawing;
using System.Linq;
using System.Text;
using System.Threading.Tasks;
using System.Windows.Forms;

namespace TEPArticle
{
    public partial class Form1 : Form
    {
        public Form1()
        {
            InitializeComponent();
            TEPprogressBar1.Value = 25;
            TEPprogressBar1.Size = new Size(100,23);
            
        }      
    }
}
If you are looking to change the ProgressBar style then you can change that from the properties tab. There are three styles for the ProgressBar, by default its set to block and others are Continuous and Marquee. Even that you can set the ProgressBar styles from the following code. 
using System;
using System.Collections.Generic;
using System.ComponentModel;
using System.Data;
using System.Drawing;
using System.Linq;
using System.Text;
using System.Threading.Tasks;
using System.Windows.Forms;

namespace TEPArticle
{
    public partial class Form1 : Form
    {
        public Form1()
        {
            InitializeComponent();
            
            TEPprogressBar1.Style = ProgressBarStyle.Blocks;
            TEPprogressBar2.Style = ProgressBarStyle.Continuous;
            TEPprogressBar3.Style = ProgressBarStyle.Marquee;

            TEPprogressBar1.Value = 25;
            TEPprogressBar2.Value = 50;
            TEPprogressBar3.Value = 75;

        }      
    }
}
We have used three progress bars, before copy, the above code inserts the three progress bar in your desktop application. Then you can be used the above code but replaced the TEPprogressBar1,2,3 with the instance names which are using for your ProgressBars. If you are wanted to make Right to left moving progress bar then you have to activate two properties for this. First, you have to make RightToLeftLayout true and then you have set RightToLeft.Yes as the value of a RightToLeft property of relative progress bar. From the following code, you can get the idea. 
using System;
using System.Collections.Generic;
using System.ComponentModel;
using System.Data;
using System.Drawing;
using System.Linq;
using System.Text;
using System.Threading.Tasks;
using System.Windows.Forms;

namespace TEPArticle
{
    public partial class Form1 : Form
    {
        public Form1()
        {
            InitializeComponent();
            
            TEPprogressBar1.Style = ProgressBarStyle.Blocks;
            TEPprogressBar1.RightToLeftLayout = true;
            TEPprogressBar1.RightToLeft = RightToLeft.Yes;

            TEPprogressBar1.Value = 25;
            

        }      
    }
}
Now you can observe the above code, we have activated two properties which are compulsory to change the progress bar flow. We have also attached the Image below which is the exact output of the above code.

C# ProgressBar Event Handlers

After learning the basics, its time to move to advanced level to play with a progress bar. In C# there are several built-in functions which are known as the event handler because they only execute on specific situations. Such as you are wanted to perform any task whenever the user will click on the progress bar. Then you will use a relative event handler to tackle this situation. There are several event handlers which you can use with ProgressBar. In the following section of the article, we are going to explore each event handler to demonstrate their purpose of use.
  • C# ProgressBar Click Event Handler
  • C# ProgressBar MouseEnter Event Handler
  • C# ProgressBar MouseHover Event Handler
  • C# ProgressBar MouseLeave Event Handler
  • C# ProgressBar Resize Event Handler

C# ProgressBar Click Event Handler

This event is designed to perform functionality whenever the user will once click on the progress bar. As much time the user will click on the progress bar that much times function is executed which is declared within the braces of click event handler. Most developers used to execute the notifications and the messages on click event handler, like the warnings. First, you have to activate the click event handler for relative progress bar then you can add your functionalities with that like in the below code. 
using System;
using System.Collections.Generic;
using System.ComponentModel;
using System.Data;
using System.Drawing;
using System.Linq;
using System.Text;
using System.Threading.Tasks;
using System.Windows.Forms;

namespace TEPArticle
{
    public partial class Form1 : Form
    {
        public Form1()
        {
            InitializeComponent();
            
        }

        private void TEPprogressBar1_Click(object sender, EventArgs e)
        {
            MessageBox.Show("You have clicked on the TEP ProgressBar");
        }
    }
}
In the above code, you can observe we have used the message box as the functionality which will be performed on the single click. You can declare any kind of functionality like change the color, size and value of progress bar. In the following image, there is the exact output of above code.

C# ProgressBar MouseEnter Event Handler

This event handler is used to execute any functionality when the mouse cursor enters in the boundaries of the progress bar. The visible part of the progress bar is considered as the boundaries. When you slightly enter the cursor within the visible part this event handler will get executed. You can experiment this situation by the following a code. 
using System;
using System.Collections.Generic;
using System.ComponentModel;
using System.Data;
using System.Drawing;
using System.Linq;
using System.Text;
using System.Threading.Tasks;
using System.Windows.Forms;

namespace TEPArticle
{
    public partial class Form1 : Form
    {
        public Form1()
        {
            InitializeComponent();
            
        }

        private void TEPprogressBar1_MouseEnter(object sender, EventArgs e)
        {
            MessageBox.Show("MouseEnter in the TEP ProgressBar");
        }
    }
}
In the above code, you can be observed that we have used message box as the functionality within MouseEnter Event handler. So that whenever user will enter the mouse cursor within the visible part of progress bar message will get executed. Below is the exact output of the above code is attached.

C# ProgressBar MouseHover Event Handler

This event is designed to perform an action whenever the user will hover the mouse in the visible part, hovers mean to stay for a moment during movement over visible part. Until you will moving the mouse over progress bar it will not execute, you must have to stay for a while over progress bar to activate this event handler. In the following code, we have created the proper code for above scenario. 
using System;
using System.Collections.Generic;
using System.ComponentModel;
using System.Data;
using System.Drawing;
using System.Linq;
using System.Text;
using System.Threading.Tasks;
using System.Windows.Forms;

namespace TEPArticle
{
    public partial class Form1 : Form
    {
        public Form1()
        {
            InitializeComponent();
            
        }
   
        private void TEPprogressBar1_MouseHover(object sender, EventArgs e)
        {
            MessageBox.Show("MouseHover in the TEP ProgressBar");
        }
    }
}
You can observe that we have used the message box as the functionality. When the MouseHover event occurs message box prompt and shows a message which is defined by the MouseHover event handler. We have also attached the output of above code which you can preview below.

C# ProgressBar MouseLeave Event Handler

This event is designed to perform functionality whenever the mouse cursor will leave the visible boundaries of ProgressBar. In short, we can be said it is the reciprocal or inverse of MouseEnter event handler. Now we are going to create the code with MouseLeave event handler. After the activation of this event handler, you have to write functionality which you want to perform within MouseLeave event handler. From the following code, you can be observed the sequence of a program which we are going to execute. 
using System;
using System.Collections.Generic;
using System.ComponentModel;
using System.Data;
using System.Drawing;
using System.Linq;
using System.Text;
using System.Threading.Tasks;
using System.Windows.Forms;

namespace TEPArticle
{
    public partial class Form1 : Form
    {
        public Form1()
        {
            InitializeComponent();
            
        }

        private void TEPprogressBar1_MouseLeave(object sender, EventArgs e)
        {
            MessageBox.Show("MouseLeave the TEP ProgressBar");
        }
    }
}
In the above code, we will observe we have used the message box. So that whenever mouse cursor will leave the visible part of progress bar it will get executed. You can perform any functionality instead of message box as you are required, for this tutorial we have used the message box. In the following image, you can observe the exact output which will come after execution.

C# ProgressBar Resize Event Handler

This event handler is designed to perform whenever the size of a progress bar is get changed in any mean such as the change in width or height. Now we are going to perform this event handler. You have to place a button on which click event handler you will declare the size changed functionality for a progress bar. So that, when you will click on the button size of a progress bar, is get changed. Then we will be used the Resize event handler for a relative progress bar. When size is get changed resize progress bar get executed. You can copy the below code and execute on your computer to get a clear idea. 
using System;
using System.Collections.Generic;
using System.ComponentModel;
using System.Data;
using System.Drawing;
using System.Linq;
using System.Text;
using System.Threading.Tasks;
using System.Windows.Forms;

namespace TEPArticle
{
    public partial class Form1 : Form
    {
        public Form1()
        {
            InitializeComponent();
            
        }

        private void TEPprogressBar1_Resize(object sender, EventArgs e)
        {
            MessageBox.Show("TEP ProgressBar Size is Changed Now !!");
        }

        private void button1_Click(object sender, EventArgs e)
        {
            TEPprogressBar1.Size = new Size(100, 30);
        }
    }
}
In above code, you can observe that we have used message box as the functionality to be executed within Resize event handler. Before copy the above code you must have to place the progress bar and button on your desktop application and don't forget to change their name. Following is the image of exact above code which is taken after execution. In this tutorial, we have tried to summarize the C# ProgressBar in depth. So that beginner can understand their usage in software development. After this, you are able to create your own small application in which you can reflect processing via C# ProgressBar. For further advanced topics, you can read, C# PictureBox, C# Checked ListBox, C# CheckBox, and C# RadioButton. Don't forget to share it with your friends if you found this tutorial informative.  

Introduction to Arduino Pico
Departments:
  1. Communication Engineering
  2. Electronics Engineering
Softwares:
  1. Arduino IDE

Hi Friends! I welcome you on board. Happy to see you around. In this post today, I’ll walk you through the Introduction to Arduino Pico.

Arduino Pico is the world’s smallest Arduino compatible board, as said by Arduino Official Page. Because of its small size & low weight, it is normally used in autonomous projects i.e. drones, robots, quadcopters etc. where size is the real issue.

Arduino boards are introduced in modern electronics, to make projects economical and easy to design. A common man with no prior knowledge about programming can get hands-on experience with them. This smallest Pico version is readily available to turn your innovative thoughts into reality.

I suggest you read this post all the way through as I’ll detail the complete Introduction to Arduino Pico covering datasheet, pinout, features, pin description, programming and communication and applications.

Let’s get started.

Introduction to Arduino Pico

  • Arduino Pico is a small-sized(0.6" x 0.6"), breadboard-friendly and Arduino-Compatible Microcontroller board, based on Atmega32u4 Microcontroller, contains 15 pins onboard and developed by MellBell Electronics(a Canadian company confounded by MOHAMMAD MALHAS & AHMAD NABEL).
  • Leonardo compatible bootloader is pre-installed in Arduino Pico.
  • The small size of 0.6” x 0.6” and 1.1g weight is what makes it special for a range of autonomous applications i.e. quadcopters, robots, automation etc.
  • Arduino Pico comes with 8 digital input/output pins.
  • It also contains 3 analog I/O pins used for interfacing analog sensors.
  • Out of 8 digital pins, 1 Pin can also be used for generating PWM pulses and its Pin # D3.
  • Arduino Pico board operates at 5V while the input voltage ranges from 7V to 12V.
  • The maximum current rating of Arduino Pico is 40mA, so we can't attach a load drawing more current than that.
  • The board also contains one micro USB Type-B Port, a reset button and a Reset pin.
  • Arduino Pico supports two types of Communication Protocols: (We will discuss them later in detail)
    • Serial Protocol.
    • SPI Protocol.
  • The flash memory is 32KB out of which 4KB is used by Bootloader. It is the memory where the sketch is stored. (The code we compile on Arduino IDE software is called a sketch)
  • It comes with an SRAM memory of 2.5KB, it's even greater than that of UNO(where SRAM is 2KB).
  • It has a crystal oscillator of 16MHz, so it's as fast as UNO or Nano.
  • On its Kickstarter page, it's available in multiple colors(around 20 different colors).
  • Mellbell also offers an aluminum version of the board that can be used in overheated environments and applications.

Arduino Pico Datasheet

Before you apply this board to your embedded project, it’s wise to scan through the datasheet of the device that features the main characteristics of the board. You can download the datasheet of Arduino Pico by clicking the link below:

Arduino Pico Features

The following are the main features of the Arduino Pico board.
  • Based on the ATmega32u4 microcontroller,
  • Runs at a clocked frequency of 16 MHz
  • 40 mA DC current per I/O pin
  • 2.5KB of SRAM memory
  • Bootloader: Leonardo compatible
  • Reset: 1 pin
  • 3 SPI pads on the back of the board
  • 32 kB of internal Flash (4 kB used by the bootloader)
  • 8x digital I/O pins, 1x PWM channel, and 3x analog input channels.
  • The operating voltage is 5V.
  • Input voltage range = 7 to 12 V.
  • 6 x 0.6 inches size. Weight of 1.1 grams
  • Bootloader compatible with the Arduino Leonardo

Arduino Pico Pin Description

  • Hope you’ve got a sneak peek of this smallest Arduino board. In this section, we’ll detail the pin description of the pins installed on the board.

Analog Pins

  • There are 3 analog pins available on the board. These pins can get any number of values in opposed to digital pins which get only two values i.e. HIGH and LOW.

PWM Pins

  • This board incorporates one PWM channel which is employed to receive some of the analog output’s functions. When the PWM is activated, the board generates analog results with digital means.

Digital Pins

  • Total 8 digital pins are employed on the board. These pins are introduced to be configured as inputs or outputs according to the requirement. These pins remain ON or OFF. When they are in the OFF state they are in a LOW voltage state receiving 0V and they are in HIGH voltage state they receive 5V.

Atmega32u4 Pinout

  • The following figure represents the pinout diagram of Atmega32u4.

Atmega32u4 Pin Description

  • In this section, we’ll detail the pin description of each pin available on Atmega32u4.

Vcc

  • Digital voltage supply pin.

GND

  • Ground Pin.

Port B (PB7...PB0)

  • Port B is attached with pull-up resistors and is an 8-bit bidirectional I/O port. The pull up resistors are mainly employed to limit the current. This port is more efficient and contains better driving capabilities compared to other ports.
  • When the pull up resistors are activated in this port C, it will source current with port pins extremely pulled low.

Port C (PC6, PC7)

  • Port C is an 8-bit bidirectional I/O port that contains pull-up resistors.
  • When the pull up resistors are activated, Port C is used to source current with port pins extremely pulled low - Similar to Port B.

Port D (PD7..PD0)

  • Port D is a bi-directional 8-bit I/O port with pull-up resistors. When the reset condition is activated, the Port D pins are tri-stated.

Port E (PE6, PE2)

  • Only two bits PE6 and PE2 are available on the product pinout. It is an 8-bit bidirectional port that features internal pull up resistors to limit the current.

Port F (PF7..PF4, PF1,PF0)

  • Port F is a bidirectional port that serves as analog inputs for the A/D converter. Two bits PF2 and PF3 are not available on the device pinout.

D+

  • USB Full speed / Low Speed Positive Data Upstream Port. It is connected to the USB D+ connector pin employed with the serial resistor 22W.

D-

  • USB Full speed / Low Speed Negative Data Upstream Port. It must be connected to the USB D- connector pin incorporated with serial resistor 22W.

UGND

  • This is USB pads ground.

UCAP

  • USB Pads Internal Regulator Output supply voltage.

UVCC

  • USB Pads internal regulator Input supply voltage.

VBUS

It is USB VBUS monitor input.

XTAL1

  • Input to the inverting Oscillator amplifier and Input to the internal clock operating circuit.

XTAL2

  • Output from the inverting Oscillator amplifier.

RESET

  • A reset pin. When a low level applied to this pin for a longer period of time, it produces a reset. It is important to note that shorter pulses may not generate a reset.

AVCC

  • AVCC is the supply voltage pin for all the A/D Converter channels.

AREF

  • This pin is utilized as the analog reference pin for the A/D Converter.

Communication and Programming

  • The module comes with different communication protocols including I2C, and UART.
  • The UART is a serial communication protocol that carries two lines Tx and Rx where the former is a transmission line used to transfer the serial data and the latter is a receive data line used to receive the serial data.
  • The I2C is a two-wire communication protocol that contains two lines named SCL and SDA. The SCL is a serial clock line that is used for the synchronization of all data transfer over the I2C bus while SDA is a serial data line mainly used to carry the data.
  • Arduino IDE is the professional software developed by Arduino.cc that is used to program all types of Arduino Boards.
  • Connect the board through USB to the computer and test and program the board as you like better.

Arduino Pico Applications

  • Creating a wireless keyboard
  • Water level meter.
  • Health and security systems
  • Student projects
  • Embedded systems
  • Industrial automation
  • Automatic pill dispenser
It is important to note that all Arduino boards are microcontrollers but not all microcontrollers are Arduino boards. Due to its small size and easy to use functions, most people prefer Arduino boards over microcontrollers. Moreover, you don’t need to include extra peripherals while using these boards, as they come with built-in functions that don’t require the addition of external components. That’s all for today. I hope you’ve enjoyed reading this article. If you’re unsure or have any questions, you can approach me in the section below. I’d love to help you the best way I can. You’re most welcome to share your valuable feedback and suggestions around the content we share so we keep sharing quality content customized to your exact needs and requirements. Thank you for reading the article.

PCB Design Online Services for Engineering Students

 Hi Friends! Hope you’re well today. I welcome you on board. Happy to see you around. In this post today, I’ll detail PCB Design Online Services for Engineering Students. PCB designing is a crucial part of making some electrical projects. If you’re a student, you can leverage these services to design PCB online. You can design many PCB layouts for a single layer or multilayer PCB. Moreover, you can test simulation online and see how your design is working that you’re going to execute in real-time.

PCB Design Online Services for Engineering Students

You’ll find a list of online PCB design services. And I can understand, when you’re given a lot of options, it is very difficult to choose the best pick. The reason I have got you covered. In this post, I’ll detail the best PCB online services that you can get online. Some are easy to use and are better than others and give you the ability to design your PCB on the fly. These online design services are open source, which means you can leverage these services free of cost. From making single-sided PCB to multi-layer PCB and from designing complex schematic diagrams to creating final layouts, you can benefit and execute everything online. Plus, these services help you connect with renowned designers online who can give feedback on the submitted designs.
  • Know that… if you find this design process difficult, you can purchase PCB design services from outside.
  • PCBWay is a great platform to help you design a single layer or multi-layer PCBs. They incorporate a team of skilled professionals that go the extra mile to help you with your circuit design.
  • PCBWay is not a broker. They are a PCB manufacturer and PCB assembler. This means you come in direct contact with the PCB producer once you contact them online.
This was a brief introduction to the PCB services online. Let’s jump right in and elaborate further on these services.

1. Library.io

  • Library.io is a remarkable online service that helps you design PCB online. It features many components in the library, moreover, in case you don’t find the required component in the library, you can design your own.
  • As this is an online service, apart from creating your design, you can see what other designers are doing online. You can have a look at their designs and duplicate content you find useful or appropriate for your design.
  • Yes, you can duplicate design because this is an open-source service where you can design your design free of cost, and in case you need any help from skilled professionals, you can just communicate and collaborate with them and get feedback on your design.
  • You can create your design, use them in EAGLE libraries, sync them with Fusion 360, and export them for further usage in your preferred CAD system.

2. CircuitLab

CircuitLab is an online simulator for creating your PCB design. Design with your easy to use and advanced schematic editor. No installation is required and you can launch this simulator with just one click.
  • Make analog and digital simulation within a few seconds. Moreover, you can get help from professional schematic PDF files, wiring diagrams, and plots.
  • In case you find any difficulty in using this program, you can watch an introductory demo that helps you understand all nuts and bolts of this platform.
  • It is free to use and comes with scores of already made schematic diagrams and PCB layouts which give you a good starting point to initiate your design process.
  • One important thing – CircuitLab gives you the ability to make your unique circuit URL which you can use to share your designs online. And this also helps you develop your unique presence online.
  • A nice, smooth and seamless interface helps you work with multiple signals at once with configurable plotting windows, vertical and horizontal markers, and calculations on signals.

3. Upverter

  • Upverter is another amazing tool in the club – A solution for all your electrical design needs.
  • Design schematics diagrams and PCB layouts anywhere anytime right from the comfort of your home.
  • It is incorporated with popular community projects for you to review. Apart from team collaboration, you can leverage free cloud storage with simple and easy to use CAD tools.
  • Plus, the forum is also available where you can communicate and collaborate with the engineers who are working on similar designs. They will help you design your PCB layout and create schematic diagrams.
  • PCB layouts are available on the online browser where you don’t need to install any software. You can simply work with them within seconds.
  • And reverting to the previous state from the current design helps you carefully generate your layout without constantly worrying about your design.
  • And this platform keeps a full track record of the files you worked on in the past, setting you free from the safety and security of your designs.

4. EasyEDA

  • EasyEDA is an online PCB design and circuit simulator.
  • It features scores of libraries with more than 1 million real-time updated components and an integrated LCSC component catalog.
  • Plus, you can create and import your common libraries.
  • You can use this online service anywhere on your Linux, MAC, or Windows operating system.
  • This platform is hosted on several servers, giving you a fast and quick web browser, where you can save your files in the cloud server which can be easily accessed by you and anyone you authorize.
  • You can leverage hundreds of thousands of open-source private projects. From schematic capture to PCB design and libraries design to project management, this platform keeps you covered.
That’s all for today. I hope you find this post helpful. If you’re unsure or have any questions, you can pop your query in the section below. I’d love to help you the best way I can. Feel free to share your valuable suggestions and feedback around the content we share so we keep producing quality content customized to your exact needs and requirements. Thank you for reading the article.

What are Digital Latches? | SR-Latches | D-Latches

Hi mentees, we are here with a new tutorial. I hope you all are fine. So far, we have been designing combinational circuits i.e. Adder, Subtractor, Multiplexer etc. using logic gates. But from today onward, we will design sequential circuits using logic gates i.e. Latches, Flip Flops etc. Let's quickly recall what's the difference between combinational & Sequential Circuits:

Combinational Circuits:

  • Combinational circuits only use the current state of the input values to generate the output.
  • Examples of DLD Combinational Circuits are: Adders, Subtractors, Multiplexers etc.

Sequential Circuits

  • Sequential Circuits use both the current & previous states of the inputs to generate the output.
  • Examples of DLD Sequential Circuits are: Latches, Flip Flops, Timers, Counters etc.

Digital Memory Elements

Normally two types of memory elements are used in digital circuits to store binary data, named:

  • Latches
  • Flip Flops(We will cover in the next lecture)

As today's lecture is on Latches, so let's explore it:

What are Latches?

  • Latches are used in digital circuits as a memory element and are used to store/save the input states.

The two inputs of Latches are called "S" and "R" where S stands for SET and R stands for RESET. Due to inputs , latches can have four unique combinations of the input. The output is denoted as "Q" and is totally dependent on the input Combination.

Nevertheless, another Output is also used in the circuit sometimes. this output is denoted as Q' and is read as Q bar, Complement of Q or bar Q  NOT Q because it is also written as:

One can have an idea that this output is the invert result of "Q" output and depends on the Q and successively to the inputs S and R.

Two types of circuits are possible in latches:

  1. Active high circuits.
  2. Active low circuits.
Both of them are same in the Components but are different due to the arrangement of the Components. Active high circuits: In this kind of the Circuit the inputs are grounded and therefore are LOW. Latch are triggered momentary high signal. Active Low Circuits: In this kind the inputs are LOW and the latches are triggered at high signals.

TYPES OF LATCHES

Latches are classified into two main types:
  1. SR Latches
  2. D Latches.
whereas, 1st two types are further subdivided into two categories:
  1. Simple
  2. Gated
All of theses types along with the implementations are shown in figure on right side.

Prior to start  DO YOU KNOW???????

  • Logic Probes are used to give input to the circuit. They can only give two types of inputs:
  1. High ( Denoted by 1)
  2. Low ( Denoted by 0)
  • By the same token, Logic toggle show the output. There are two types of output:
  1. High ( Denoted by 1)
  2. Low ( Denoted by 0)
  • NAND gate shows the output LOW ( or 0) only when both the inputs are HIGH.
  • NOT gate show is an inverter gate.
  • NOR gate shows the output HIGH ( or 1) only when both the inputs are HIGH.

Implementation of Latches in Proteus ISIS

For best understanding, we'll design each of the type and create the truth table. Devices Required:
  1. AND Gate
  2. NOT Gate
  3. Three input AND Gate
  4. Logic Toggle
  5. Logic Probe
  6. Clock
Procedure: All the Circuits follow almost same procedure. Even so, they are different in the Construction and the characteristics.

1. SR Latches in Proteus ISIS

  • Choose Two NOR Gates and fix them on the working area.
  • Examine the Circuit diagram and arrange the other required Components according to the Circuit diagram.
  • Truss all the Components by wires with the help of circuit diagram.
  • Pop the Play button and fill the truth table.
NOTE: You can also make this Circuit with NAND Gate. Examination: The SR latch ( SET/RESET) mainly change according to the change in the S line. that means, whenever the S is HIGH the Q ( output) is shown as HIGH and vise versa.  but when both the inputs (SET & RESET)  are HIGH then we seen that both the outputs are LOW. Q ( output ) is alway the inverse of Q'. Once we check all the Conditions we can assemble our own truth table. I have made a truth table that shows us the following result:
S R Q Q’
0 0 1 0
0 1 0 1
1 0 0 1
1 1 0 1
 

2. Gated SR Latch in Proteus ISIS

 

The SR latch are not Complete, hence the performance can be enhanced by the a process called "Gating" , and the resultant circuit is called Gated SR Circuit.
  • We add two Positive NOR gates at the input "S" and "R" that have inverted input using NOT Gates. In this way we can examine the Condition more clearly when both the inputs in SR gate were HIGH.
  • The circuit works well when we add a clock in the two inputs of the NOR gates.
The Circuit of Gated SR is shown next: When we test the Circuit's all conditions , the output have some difference. The output here shows us the difference.  During the LOW conditions of the Circuit the output shows us the error or Latch.
CLK S R Q Q’
0 X X LATCH LATCH
1 0 0 LATCH LATCH
1 0 1 0 1
1 1 0 1 0
1 1 1 1 0

3. D Latches in Proteus ISIS

D latch is a modification of the Gated SK Latch.
  • we add the NOT Gate in advance of the RESET (R) Input and we get the circuit that looks like this:
  Accordingly to the Picture, the D  and clock are now the inputs of the Circuit and we can notice the output at Q and Q'.
CLK D Q Q’
0 0 NO CHANGE NO CHANGE
0 1 NO CHANGE NO CHANGE
1 0 0 1
1 1 1 0

4. Gated D Latch in Proteus ISIS

This is another type of D Latch.
  • Connect the clock with the D input so that  we alter the D input. But with this change, we see the changes in the output as well.
Let's have a look on the Circuit of Gated D Latch:   when we change the D and test all the Condition, the resultant truth table is:
CLK D Q Q’
0 0 0 1
0 1 1 0
1 0 1 0
1 1 0 1
Hence today we learnt about the latches, some basic concepts and its types along with  practical implementation.

Introduction and Installation of Emu8086 in windows

 Hey Pals, Welcome to the new lesson. I hope you are having a productive day. Today, we'll talk about installation of Emu8086 application in windows. but  before this, It is important to have the brief introduction of the application. Lets find out what is Emu8086.
"Emu8086 is a powerful, offline and  free software for emulation, disassembling and debugging of 8086 programs i.e, 16 bits/DOS." It is an Integrated Development Environment (IDE) that write a source, assemble it and link into .COM or .EXE file then trace it in machine code and source file. When we launch the Emu8086 Asm or Ist will start the assembler source editor. one the other hand, .exe and obj files starts the disassembler and debugger units.
Let's move towards its installation:

Prerequisite:

You must have
  1. A PC
  2. An active internet Connection
  3. Administrative rights for Windows XP/Vista/7 users.
  4. 10 Mb of hard disk space
  5. 1024x768 or greater screen resolution.

Installation Process:

You can get Emu8086 through the link given below: Introduction and Installation of Emu8086 in windows
  • Click it and you will get a Website.
  • Click "Download for PC" button. This opens a new tab and the downloading starts.
Observe that the zip file of 3Mb in your folders .
  • Click on the small arrow, open the folder. A folder will be pop up.
  • Double click at "Setup". It will ask for the permission. Allow it by clicking "yes".
The Window will appear that will start the setup process.
  • Click "Next" to continue the process.
A new will be appear like this:
  • Close All the Application running applications and click "Next".
  • Now, You have to give the path for the folder .By default the path is given for the C directory but you can change it by clicking Browse.
  • Read all the tabs appeared after it and then Click "Next".
In the last window, it will ask does we want to launch the Emu8086 or Does we wish to read the instruction.
  • Choose the action you want to be launched or mere remove the tick mark and the setup is finished.
The Emu8086 icon will appear on your desktop. You can use it whenever you want. Hence, today we learnt about Emu8086. We saw the brief introduction along will the installation process in detail.

Shunt Clippers and Dual Clippers in Proteus ISIS

Bonjour trainees!!! Welcome to the Engineering projects, We hope you are doing great. In our previous lecture, we discussed the first type of clippers in detail i.e. Series Clippers. Today, we are going to discuss the next two types of Clippers i.e. Shunt Clippers and Dual Clippers. Here are the types of Clippers from the last lecture:

So, today, we are going to cover the below concepts:

  1. what is a Shunt Clipper?
  2. Types of Shunt Clippers
  3. Implementation of shunt Clippers in Proteus ISIS.
  4. Dual Clippers basics.
  5. Implementation of Dual Clippers in Proteus ISIS.

So, let's get started:

What is a Shunt Clipper?

  • In Shunt Clippers(Parallel Clippers), the diode is connected in Shunt(Parallel) to the input signal source & the load resistance, as shown in the below figure:

As the diode is in parallel with the load & source, so during the positive half cycle, the diode will be in the forward-biased state(short circuit) and thus no current will flow to the load resistance. While during the negative half cycle, the diode will be in a reverse-biased state(open circuit) and the load resistance will get all the current flow.

Now, let's have a look at the types of Shunt Clipper:

Types of Shunt Clippers

Shunt clippers are Classified into four main types, named:

  • Positive
  • Positive with bias
  • Negative
  • Negative with bias

Let's implement these Clipper types in the Proteus:

Implementation of Shunt Clippers in Proteus

So, open your Proteus software and add these components:

Components Required

  1. Vsine
  2. Diode
  3. Resistor
  4. Ground terminal
  5. Oscilloscope
  • We can get the first three components from the "Pick library" by searching for the required component.
  • We can get the Ground Terminal by left-clicking on the screen and then go to Place>Terminal>Ground.
  • Get the Oscilloscope from the "Virtual Instrument" in the leftmost bar.

Now let's design the first type of Shunt Clipper:

Positive Shunt Clipper:

Now place the above components in the Proteus workspace and design the circuit, as shown in the below figure:

As you can see in the above figure, the diode is placed parallel to the load resistance. The arrowhead of the diode points opposite to the input source. As we discussed above, the load resistance will get voltage only if the diode is in a reverse-biased state. In the current arrangement, during the negative cycle of the AC signal, the diode will be reverse-biased, and the load will get complete power. The positive cycle of the input will be clipped off, as the diode will be in a forward-biased state, not allowing any current to flow through the load.

Change the values of components according to the below table:

Components Value
Resistor R1 600 ohm
Resistor R2 500 ohm
Vsine Amplitude =110V,Frequency= 1000Hz
Oscilloscope Time= 0.2m-1,Voltage 20V
  • Now run the simulation and you will definitely acquire the required output:

Positive with bias:

If you recall from our previous lecture on Series Clippers, we have added a battery in the bias clippers. Here, we are going to do the same, as shown in the below figure:

As we can see in the above figure, a battery of 5V is added in series with the diode. By adding the battery in the circuit of positive shunt clippers, we can easily control the amount of signal to be clipped. This arrangement is called Positive Shunt Clippers with bias or Biased Positive Shunt Clippers.

In the above circuit, we placed the battery just after the diode and the Positive Terminal of the battery connects with the diode's arrowhead and the negative terminal is connected to the Vsine source.

Here's the output of Positive Bias Shunt Clipper:

Negative Shunt Clippers:

In negative Shunt Clippers, the diode polarity is reversed i.e.the positive end of the diode is connected to the negative terminal of the battery and the negative end of the diode is connected to the positive terminal of the battery, as shown in the below figure:

In this arrangement, the diode is forward-biased during the negative half cycle, so no current will pass to the load. We can say, the negative cycle is clipped off. While in the positive cycle, the diode is reversed bias(open circuit) and thus current is flowing through the load resistor.

We will get the following waveform on the oscilloscope:

Biased Negative Shunt Clippers:

By now, you must have understood that an extra battery is added in series with the diode to create a Bias Clipper. As it's a negative bias, so the polarity of the battery is reversed i.e. the negative terminal of the battery is connected to the diode and the positive terminal of the battery is connected to the Vsine Source. The output is shown in the below figure:

So, that was all about the Shunt Clippers. Now let's have a look at the third tye of clippers i.e. Dual Clippers. Let's get started:

What is a Dual Clipper?

As the name depicts, the Dual Clipper is a combination of two types of Shunt Clippers i.e.

  1. Biased Shunt Positive Clipper.
  2. Biased Shunt Negative Clipper.

Now, let's move towards its simulation:

Dual Clipper Proteus Simulation

We have studied both Positive & Negative Bias Shunt Clippers in the previous section, so now we need to add both clippers in a single circuit, as shown in the below figure:

As you can see in the above figure, the circuit has four parallel branches, let's discuss them one by one:

  • The First branch has an AC input source.
  • The second branch has a Biased Shunt Positive Clipper i.e. Diode and a battery.
  • The third branch has a Biased Shunt Negative Clipper i.e. Diode and a battery, but here the polarity is reversed.
  • In the fourth branch, we have the load.
  • Pop the Play button, and have a look at the output:

One can see that we got a square wave that conducts the current in both directions but in clipped form. We need Dual clippers in the place where we need to clip some part of both sides of the sinusoidal wave.

So, that's all for today. In this article, we discussed what are Shunt Clippers? what are their types? and How to simulate in Proteus? We also discussed Dual Clippers along with their implementation in Proteus ISIS. Take care!!!

Full Wave Rectification in Proteus

Hey buddies, hope you all are fine. In our previous tutorial, we studied Half Wave Rectification and have seen that it rectifies the half wave of the AC signal. Today, we are going to study Full Wave Rectification to rectify the complete AC source. We will design the simulation of the Full Wave Rectifier in Proteus software. So, let's get started:

What is Full Wave Rectification?

A comprehensive definition of full-wave rectification is:

  • Full-wave rectification is a process to convert both cycles(positive & negative) of input(sinusoidal) wave to pulsating DC (Direct current).

We have studied in the previous lecture that Half Wave Rectifiers are used to convert only one cycle(either positive or negative) of an AC signal into a DC signal, thus dissipating the 50% energy of the overall signal. But in Full Wave Rectifiers, both cycles of the AC signal are converted into a single pulsating DC signal.

We used a single diode in our circuit to achieve half-wave rectification but for full-wave rectification, we need to create a bridge using 4 diodes. Here's the circuit diagram of Full Wave Rectification, designed in Proteus:

Why Full Wave Rectification?

Full Wave Rectification is always preferred over half wave rectification because of following factors:

  • In half-wave rectification, half of the wave gets wasted as the diode suppresses the second half cycle. But if we add the diode bridge, we can easily get the complete signal i.e. both of its cycles.
  • Full Wave Rectification gives higher output values with a low ripple factor.

Full Wave Rectifier Simulation in Proteus ISIS:

You can download the complete Proteus Simulation of Full Wave Rectifier, by clicking the below button:

Full Wave Rectification in Proteus

First of all, we have to pick the components from the Proteus Components Library. We are going to need these three basic components:

  1. Full Wave rectification bridge
  2. Resistor
  3. Alternating voltage source
  • Go to the pick library button and select these components, as shown in the below figure:

  • So, design the circuit for full-wave rectification in Proteus, as shown in the below figure:

  • Change the value of load resistance to 500 ohms.
  • Set the Vsine Frequency to 1000Hz & amplitude to 120V.

Now we are going to place an oscilloscope to monitor the input & output signals. You will find the oscilloscope in the "Virtual Instruments" section on the left bar. So, our final circuit with an oscilloscope is shown in the below figure:

  • The oscilloscope settings are shown in the below figure:
The output of oscilloscope is shown in the below:


As you can see in the above figure:

  • The Yellow(A Terminal) wave shows the sinusoidal wave. Whereas, the blue wave (B terminal) shows a positive half-cycle and the magenta one (C terminal) shows a negative half-cycle. And the magic is, both the outputs are direct currents and are combined in a single direction at the load resistance.

Thus, today we studied another simple Proteus experiment that shows what is full wave rectification, how to make the simplest circuit that shows the best output of full wave rectification and why we need the full wave rectification circuit. Till the next tutorial, take care!!!

Common Collector BJT Amplifier in Proteus ISIS
Departments:
  1. Communication Engineering
  2. Electronics Engineering
Softwares:
  1. Proteus

Hi Mentees, Welcome to a new tutorial at The Engineering Projects. Today You will unearth about Common Collector bipolar Junction Transistor Amplifiers. Before this, we learnt about two types of Configurations of Transistors named Common Emitter BJT Amplifiers and Common Base BJT Amplifiers.

In this tutorial We'll discuss about:
  1. Introduction of Common Collector BJT Amplifier.
  2. Basic Concepts for the Common Collector BJT Amplifiers.
  3. Implementation of Common Collector BJT Amplifiers in Proteus ISIS.
  4. Characteristics and advantages of Common Collector BJT Amplifiers.
So that, you can get the best understanding about the topic and its practical implementation.

Introduction

1st  of all, We'll have a brief definition of the Common Collector Amplifier: " A type of Bipolar Junction Transistor Amplifier is called Common Collector BJT Amplifiers in which Collector is common to both Base, Base region is used for input and emitter is used to take the output of the Amplifier."  It is one of the Configuration of the Transistor and is used in many kinds of circuits due to its efficiency. Other two Configurations are;
  1. Common Base BJT Amplifiers.
  2. Common Emitter BJT Amplifiers.
All of them acquire their Own Construction, characteristics and advantages as we as disadvantages. Common Collectors are also called as Emitter follower Configuration as the emitter voltage follows the base voltage.

Basic Concepts:

It is Always useful to get core information about the circuit before its Implementation. Let's see what a Common Collector amplifiers is. Type of transistor: Recall that  the are two types of Transistors i.e, 1. NPN 2.PNP. the Transistor we are using NPN transistor for our Experiment because in this type, the electrons are majority carries that have more mobility than holes ( majority charge carriers in PNP transistors) therefore, we get quick and easy output due to best electron flow.   Current Gain: The current gain of this type of amplifier is also taken as the division of the Emitter current with the base current and mathematically it is stated as:

Current Gain = Emitter current/Base Current

? = IE/IB = ß + 1

Voltage Gain : Voltage Gain of Common Collector BJT Amplifier is considered to be the unity, i.e. 1 and is obtained by the formula given below: Voltage Gain=Vout/Vin where in Common Collector amplifier we give the input to Base and take the output from the emitter of the transistor. Emitter Current: in this Configuration the Emitter current is taken as the sum of base current and collector current. consequently, we say  Ie=Ib+Ic we can use this equation in others ways as,

Ib=Ie-Ic

Ic=Ie-Ib

we can also say that the collector current is approximately equal to Emitter current because base is very thin region and passes a minute amount of current through it.

Implementation of Common Collector BJT Amplifier in Proteus ISIS

At the instance, we will test the circuit given in the circuit diagram in Proteus. the material for the Circuit is given below. Material Required: 
  1. Transistor (2N1711)
  2. Capacitor
  3. Resistor
  4. Vsine
  5. Oscilloscope
  6. Ground
  • Take 1st four components from the "Pick device" library presented at the left corner of the screen.
  • Set them at the working area according to the circuit diagram.
  • Add the ground terminal by left clicking the screen >Go to Place>Terminal>Ground and add the ground Terminal.
NOTE: You can also connect just one Ground terminal to the circuit if you connect the Circuit with a wire at the bottom. Now, the Circuit will look like this:
  • Add the DC source from "Generation Mode" to just above the circuit.
Now, We need an output device to examine the output. Therefore, We'll use Oscilloscope. Choose it from "Virtual Instrument mode".
  • Set the Oscilloscope just aside the circuit and Connect Channel A with input (Base) and the Channel B with the output ( Emitter).
Before Starting the simulation, I am going to change the values of the Components I used because the default values will not give us the required Output.
  • we will use the 120V for the DC Power source.
  • One can clearly examine that the Values of the Components are given according to the table given below:
Components Values
Resistor R1 10ohm
Resistor R2 100ohm
Resistor R3 20ohm
Resistor R4 100kohm
VSine Amplitude=220, Frequency=1000
Capacitor 1 50m
Capacitor 2 2m
Oscilloscope Channel 5V, Channel B=5V, Time=0.2mS-1
 
  • After setting the values  you can change the value of Oscilloscope to get the required output.
NOTE: The amplifiers are sensitive to the temperature and the type of transistor used, hence their must be the practice to get the best output.

Characteristics

  • The input Resistance of Common Collector Amplifiers is high.
  • The power gain of this kind of amplifiers is medium.
  • It has low output resistance.
  • It has non-inverting effect (opposite to other two Configuration that gives the inversion of the wave).
  • It has zero voltage gain.

Advantages of Common Collector BJT Amplifiers

  1. It is useful for the circuits where the high impedance is required.
  2. It is mostly used as voltage buffers as the voltage gain is unity.
  3. The Common Collector configuration is used in the Circuit where the engineers want the high current gain.
  4. Due to its high current gain, it is applied in circuits to drive heavy loads.
  5. We use it for voltage translation stage.
NOTE: Sometimes, It becomes the disadvantage of the Common Collector bipolar Junction Transistor Amplifier that they have no voltage Gain. Summary: Today, we ascertained the Basic Common Collector BJT Amplifiers, learnt some Concepts about it, saw the Implementation in Proteus ISIS, saw some characteristics and found the advantages of the Common Collector Configuration.

Design of a Load Cell

 Hi Friends! Hope you’re well today. I welcome you on board. In this post today, I’ll walk you through the details on the design of a load cell. Strain gauge load cells are widely used in various applications. They work on the principle of varying electrical resistance with elastic deformation in the conductor. The strain gauge comprises thin wires which are affected by a change in environment. Expansion or contraction in a strain gauge occurs with varying temperatures which results in creating noise and lack of accuracy in measurement. The life of the device may also be affected due to corrosion that may occur in the elastic element. In addition to the possible deterioration, the load cell itself may cause safety issues with regard to the environment. For example, in a refinery or chemical industry, the ignition of flammable liquids or gases may occur due to the use of load cells. Therefore, they must be designed accordingly.

        Hermetically Sealed

Hermetically sealed load cells provide the best protection to the environment. The load cell is sealed by welding, using epoxy or glass-to-metal bonding. Pressurized inert gas is filled inside the cell. These load cells are standardized by Ingress Protection (IP) rating as air and watertight.

        Open

These are designed in normal indoor conditions or special outdoor environments. Soft resin or rubber covering is used for environmental protection in this type of load cell. However, the strain gauge becomes vulnerable to moisture and change in temperature due to this type of protection.

        Explosion-proof

As the name suggests, this type of load cell protects from any explosion that may occur within the device. If the internal cavities in a device or equipment are exposed to gases, these gases, once filled in the cavity, will lead to a potential explosion. An explosion-proof load cell is highly suitable for such conditions. Their rating is achieved by combining confinement, limitation of energy, and segregation. Other factors to consider when designing a load cell are:
  •         The maximum weight that a load cell can measure is called Rated Capacity or rated load. Therefore, the load cell rated load must be greater than the weight to be measured in a system.
  •         Overload Rating (Safe) is the maximum load that can be exerted on a load cell without causing plastic deformation while measuring the weight of an element.
  •         Overload Rating (Ultimate) is the maximum load that can be exerted on the load cell without causing a fracture to the load cell.
  •         Rated Output is the ratio of the electric output signal and the strength of the excitation voltage expressed in mV/V.
  •         Zero Balance is the electric output signal with rated excitation voltage at no-load condition.
  •         Excitation Voltage is the voltage for excitation transferred to the circuit.
  •         Non-linearity defines the deviation of the calibration curve of the load cell from a straight line. It starts from zero loads up to the maximum capacity of the cell.
  •         Hysteresis is defined as the difference in the cycle a load cell follows while increasing the load from zero to maximum and then decreasing it from maximum to zero.
  •         Combined Error is calculated by measuring non-linear and hysteresis effects in combination.
  •         Repeatability is the measure of the difference between readings of repeated loads under the same loading conditions.
  •         Temperature Effect on Rated Output is the change in readings due to a change in temperature.
  •         Temperature Effect on Zero is the change in the zero-reading due to a change in temperature.
  •         Input and Output Resistance is the resistance of the circuit measured at the input and output respectively.
  •         Insulation Resistance is the measured resistance between the circuit and housing of the load cell.
That’s all for today. I hope you’ve enjoyed reading this article. If you have any questions, you can ask me in the section below. Thank you for reading the article.

TDA2005 Amplifier Datasheet, Pinout, Features & Applications
Departments:
  1. Electrical Engineering
  2. Electronics Engineering
  3. Mechatronics Engineering
Components:
  1. TDA2005
Softwares:
  1. Proteus

Hi Everyone! Hope you’re well today. Happy to see you around. In this post today, I’ll walk you through the Introduction to TDA2005.

TDA2005 is a 20-watt Class B dual audio amplifier integrated chip. It comes in a Multiwatt11 package and is carefully designed for car radio applications. It can support the current up to 3.5A which is quite high which makes it a suitable pick for constructing power booster amplifiers.

I suggest you read this post all the way through as I’ll detail the complete Introduction to TDA2005 covering datasheet, pinout, features, and applications. Let’s jump right in.

Introduction to TDA2005

  • TDA2005 is a 20-watt Class B dual audio amplifier integrated chip. It is particularly designed for car radio applications.

  • It comes with a high current capability and features a total of 11 pins on board.
  • It supports low impedance loads of around 1.6 with an output power of more than 20 W.
  • TDA2005 features a bridge or stereo setup and the total power dissipation is 30W.
  • This device is mainly employed in applications where high-output audio power amplification is required.
  • Incorporated with protection against load dump voltage surge, this device features a maximum supply voltage of around +28V.
  • The repetitive current through each output is 3.5A while the maximum non-repetitive peak current through each output is 4.5A.
  • The storage temperature range is -40°C to 150°C while the operating temperature range is -23°C to 130°C.
  • This chip employed in stereo amplification applications will exhibit a voltage gain of 51 dB.

TDA2005 Datasheet

Before you apply this device to your electrical project, it’s wise to go through the datasheet of the component that features the main characteristics of the device. You can download the datasheet of TDA2005 by clicking the link mentioned below.

TDA2005 Pinout

The TDA2005 is an 11-pin device. The following figure represents the pinout diagram of TDA2005. The following table shows the pin name and pin description of TDA2005.
Pin Description of TDA2005
Pin No. Pin Description Pin Name
1 Non-Inverting Input of amplifier 1 INPUT+(1)
2 Inverting Input of amplifier 1 INPUT-(1)
3 Supply Voltage Rejection Ratio SVRR
4 Inverting Input of amplifier 2 INPUT-(2)
5 Non-Inverting Input of amplifier 2 INPUT+(2)
6 The ground is connected to this pin GND
7 Amplifier 2 bootstrap capacitor BOOTSTRAP(2)
8 The output of amplifier 2 OUTPUT(2)
9 Positive Power Supply +VS
10 The output of amplifier 1 OUTPUT(1)
11 Amplifier 1 bootstrap capacitor BOOTSTRAP(1)

TDA2005 Features

  • Overheat protection and output short circuit protection
  • A few components required to put the amplifier in working condition
  • Operating voltage range = +8 to +18V
  • High output power - Po=10 + 10 W @ RL = 2 ?, Po = 20 W @ RL = 4 ?
  • Programmable gain and bandwidth
  • Peak supply voltage = +40V for 50ms
  • Loudspeaker protection against short circuit
  • Incorporated with protection against load dump voltage surge
  • Supply voltage Max. = +28V
  • Comes with protection against fortuitous open ground
  • Total power dissipation = 30W
  • Comes with Bridge or Stereo setup
  • Repetitive current through each output = 3.5A
  • The non-repetitive peak current through each output Max. = 4.5A
  • Storage temperature range = -40°C  to 150°C
  • Operating temperature range = -23°C  to 130°C

TDA2005 Applications

The TDA2005 is used in the following applications.
  • Employed in Car radio
  • Used in Microphone amplifiers
  • Used in audio power amplifiers
  • Incorporated in Woofer amplifiers
  • Used in Music players

That’s all for today. Hope you found this article helpful. If you have any questions, you can pop your comment in the section below. I’d love to help you the best way I can. Feel free to share your valuable suggestions around the content we share so we keep creating quality content customized to your exact needs and requirements. Thank you for reading the article.

Syed Zain Nasir

I am Syed Zain Nasir, the founder of <a href=https://www.TheEngineeringProjects.com/>The Engineering Projects</a> (TEP). I am a programmer since 2009 before that I just search things, make small projects and now I am sharing my knowledge through this platform.I also work as a freelancer and did many projects related to programming and electrical circuitry. <a href=https://plus.google.com/+SyedZainNasir/>My Google Profile+</a>

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Syed Zain Nasir
2 days ago