Hello friends, after completing that basic part of ladder logic programming, let us today go through one topic which is not essential to know to complete a PLC ladder program but it is important t have our code readable program and reusable pieces of code. That could happen by using what so-called a subroutine. So what is a subroutine? Well, it is a piece of code that includes a few rungs to perform specific tasks. that piece of code can be reused numerous times through the program when we need to call it for performing that task. That subroutine enables us to structure our code like building blocks so that the program will be readable very easy and also reusable later in other projects. The idea of dividing the program into routines to apply the divide and conquer technique is very crucia ...
Introduction
Hello friends, I hope you are doing very well. Today we are going to learn and practice the master control reset (MCR)! So what is that MCR? Well! This is a tool you might use to control a group of devices with one push button for performing fast emergency responses with one click for a group of devices in one zone. In another word, you divide the program into zones and put this zone between a master control to control their operation as one unit by one contact. This technique is useful for applying emergence stops and also protecting some equipment by applying a safety restriction to not operate when that condition is in effect.
The concept of the master control reset (MCR)
Figure 1 shows the master control relay in a ladder logic showing a couple of rungs between the ma ...
Hello, readers. Welcome to another lecture on signals and systems where, on the previous day, we studied the transforms. A Z transform is used to change the domain of a signal or function. It is used to convert the signal from the time domain into the z plane. Now we are going a little deep into the discussion. Have a quick promo of the topic of today:
What are the properties of z transform?
What is the unit impulse of z transform?
What is the unit ramp of z transform?
What is the difference equation and how is it related to the z transform?
What are some important applications of z transform?
We’ll go through each of these topics in detail, so stay with us to learn about all of them.
Properties of z Transform
Till now, we have seen the introduction of z transform along with s ...
Hey learners! Welcome to another exciting lecture in this series of signals and systems. We are learning about the transform in signals and systems, and in the previous lectures, we have seen a bulk of information about the Laplace transform. If you know the previous concepts of signal and system, then this lecture will be super easy for you to learn, but if your concepts are not clear, do not worry because we will revise all the basic information from scratch for our new readers. So, without wasting time, have a look at the topics of today.
What is z transform?
What is the region of convergence of z transform?
What are some of the important properties of the region of convergence?
How to solve the z transform?
What is an example of the z transform in MATLAB?
What are the methods fo ...
Hey fellows, in the previous lecture, we read the basics of Laplace transform and now, we want to go into a deep study about the same topic. Usually, it is important to learn all the properties of a mathematical tool to use it well, but we’ll focus on the basic and important properties of the Laplace transform to understand its concepts. Here are these:
Linearity
Time delay
Nth derivative
Frequency shifting
Multiplication with time
Complex shift property
Convolution of the Laplace transform
Time shifting
Time reversal
If you have read the previous concepts clearly, then these concepts should be clear in your mind. We’ll define all of them one after the other, and you'll understand each of them clearly.
Linearity in the Laplace Transform
We all know what linearity is. Yet, t ...
We've all heard that clicking on links or attachments can lead to identity theft of sensitive, personal information. And while it's true - if you're not careful, you could be leaving yourself open to hackers and other dangers. But what most people might not know is the difference between "hacking" and "data theft". In this post, we outline the steps data security engineers recommend you take to protect yourself from these different types of threats.
What do data security engineers recommend for people who don't work in security?
Data security engineers are not your everyday IT professionals, so what do they recommend for parts of the population who aren't working in IT?
Data security engineer advice for regular Internet users
Step 1: Don't br ...
Hi readers! Hopefully, you are doing well and exploring something fascinating and advanced. Imagine that particles can pass through walls but not by breaking them down? Yes, it is possible. Today, we will study Quantum Tunneling.
Quantum tunneling may be one of the strangest and illogical concepts of quantum mechanics. Quantum Tunneling proves the phenomenon of particles like electrons, protons, or even whole atoms percolating through the energy barrier of potential energy, although they do not appear to have sufficient potential to slide over it. The classical physics version of this ball at this point would merely reverse.
Nevertheless, in the quantum realm of things, particles now act like waves, and waves can pass through and even over barriers with some nonzero probability of the pa ...
Till now, we have read about the basic concepts and functions in the signal and system, but let’s have something that is more practical and practice each and every topic thoroughly because if you have the understanding at each point, transforming will become an interesting game for you.Keep in mind, that transforms are an important topic in signal processing, but they were traditionally taught in the same way they were discovered: through calculus. This approach, however, does not reveal the true purpose of the transforms or why they are desirable. Well, let’s check the topics that we are going to learn about today:
What are transforms?
Which common transforms are used in signals and systems?
What is the Laplace transform?
How can you implement the Laplace transform in MATLAB?
What ar ...
Hey geeks, welcome to the next article of this series on signals and systems. In the previous lecture, we saw the basic types of convolution and learned about convolution in MATLAB. This time, we are going to enhance some concepts about it by learning about the properties of convolution and by adding some important pieces of information about the same topic. Have a look at today’s concepts:
What are some basic properties of convolution?
What is the correlation?
Discuss some types of correlation and their implementation in MATLAB.
What is the difference between convolution and correlation?
How convolution is used in different areas of science and how different departments are using this technique to control the parameters efficiently.
The Properties of Convolution
Once you ...
Hey pupils, Welcome to another lecture of this series on signals and systems, and this is the time to learn an interesting topic in which you are going to learn about the convolution of the signals. In the previous sessions, we have learned basic operations on the signals, and this time, you are going to know the convolution of the signals and different criteria that are related to this topic. Have a quick view of the concepts that will be clarified in this lecture: What is convolution? What are some basic types of convolution? How can you define the properties of linear convolution? How can you implement convolution in MATLAB using function and without function? What is the difference between linear and circular convolution? What is the convolution of signals? Convolution is ...
