OOP Concepts in C#

Brief Introduction To C# Programming Language

We know that you already have a great understanding of the C# programming language. But, we want to begin the article with a brief introduction to the C# so that you have no confusion regarding anything.

C# is an exceptional, object-intended programming language that allows programmers to create a wide range of secured and reliable programs that run on the.NET platform. Programmers may develop Windows consumer applications, different programming elements, XML online assistance, and data technologies. It assists pointers, harmful software, and interoperability function for storage management.  Also, C# language facilitates the client in performing all tasks comparable to that of a C++ program.

Features of C#

Some of the many features of the C# programming language are listed below:

• The C# programming language is utilized to rationalize functions and pointers.
• It provides implicit conversions from the standard dataset to the extended type, making it type secure.
• Garbage management is automated during the completion phase.
• C# is an object-oriented programming language which is a plus point.
• It has a variety of built-in features that assist programming execution quickly.
• The C# programming has a quick compiling and operation duration.
• Applications like Microsoft Office, smartphone apps, videogames, and others are all developed due to the C# programming.

OOP in C#

The most awaited section of the article is here: OOP in C# programming language. What Is OOP, and what is its importance? All the answers to your queries are here. So, please start taking notes!

OOP means Object-Oriented Programming. Object-oriented programming is basically a coding structure in which systems are arranged around components rather than action and reasoning. It is a creative approach that employs a unique collection of computer languages like C#. Mastering OOP principles can assist you in deciding how to develop a program and which programming language to utilize. Every component within OOP is organized as self-contained Objects. The term Object shall be described in the upcoming sections.

Features of OOP

The concept of OOP has high importance in computer science. It has exceptional features that have been benefitting us for several years. Please note down every point discussed in this section. Let us have a look at the features of OOP:

• In OOP, the focus is upon the data instead of the method.
• Systems are separated into groups called Objects.
• Objects are employed to interact with one another via operations.
• OOP is a more efficient and straightforward method of programming.
• The scripts have a proper framework, thanks to OOP.
• OOP makes it convenient to manage, alter, and analyze C# DRY. DRY means Do not Repeat Yourself.
• It allows developers to construct fully reusable apps with less coding and in less period.
• Unique capabilities may be created by developing objects and methods.
• It is required in OOP programming languages to define a category to handle data which is great.

The above features are just an overview of what OOP programming languages like C# can offer the programmers. More details are on the way in this article. So, get ready precious readers!

C# Objects And Classes In OOP

Objects are the fundamental components of a C# OOP system. A collection of datasets and procedures is referred to as an Object. The files and the strategies are named members of an OOP object. Objects are created within an OOP framework. Methods allow these items to interact with one another. Every object has the ability to accept and transmit messages, as well as execute data.

While a class is a group of values and actions, it is a template that specifies the dataset and functionality of a form. Unless a class in OOP does not define a constant, you must build an example of the category that explains the operations that may be executed on it. In simple words, Objects are examples of an OOP class. The strategies and factors that comprise a category are referred to as members of that class.

Defining a Class

We may describe a C# class utilizing the class magic word and the class content surrounded by a set of curly brackets, as seen below:

The main building components of the OOP C# class are depicted in the image below:

OOP Concepts In C#

The main section of the entire article is here: OOP Concepts In the C# Programming Language. Mastering the OOP Concepts is not a child’s play if you are a beginner. That is why you must pay extra attention to this section. If you do so, we promise that you will not face any difficulty. Let us begin:

There are four main OOP concepts in the C# programming language:

• Encapsulation
• Polymorphism
• Inheritance
• Abstraction

The details of each concept are:

Encapsulation

Encapsulation is a principle within object-oriented C# coding that enables developers to enclose data and script excerpts. You may isolate the representatives of a particular class from some other category by utilizing encapsulation software. It is the equivalent of packing a rational object within a bundle. Only pertinent information is accessible and viewable from the outside, just to particular people.

Access Specifiers are used to enforce encapsulation. In the C# programming language, the Access Specifier is utilized to specify the category member's transparency and ease of access. The access Specifiers within the C# programming are as follows.

• Public: The term public makes itself accessible to all of the program's participants from wherever. It provides the fewest restrictions on visibility.
• Private: Just users of a similar class have access to the secret content. It offers the lowest visibility levels among other access specifiers.
• Protected: Protected visibility provides entry to the user from inside the category as well as from some other one that represents this class.
• Internal: Access is provided within the program. The protected inner side is another internal usability option. It enables the same functionality, with the exception that a subclass can adopt this category and access its properties from any project.

The accessibility and its properties are determined by these specifiers. It enables you to keep the data accessible in one section of the script while hiding it from the other parts. Private and Public are the two most prevalent types.

Polymorphism

Polymorphism comes from the Greek word, which implies various forms. Morph denotes different forms, and Poly indicates numerous. It enables many implementations of the identical class to exist within C#. Polymorphism is classified into two categories:

• Compile-time Polymorphism
• Run Time polymorphism

Let us discuss each in detail:

• Compile-time Polymorphism

Static polymorphism is another name for compile-time polymorphism. Compile-time polymorphism can be implemented in a number of methods, one of which is procedure overloading. It is named after the fact that the procedure calling choice is made during the compilation process.

It is accomplished by using a similar method title but giving different variables. In method stacking, the software first verifies the argument used and then selects which way to execute depending on the collection of parameters. An example code is as follows:

An applicable example of Compile-type Polymorphism is also mentioned below so that you can have a better understanding.

• Run Time polymorphism

The second category of Polymorphism is Run Time Polymorphism. If both the procedure title as well as the procedure declaration contain similar title and inputs, it is known as dynamic polymorphism or Runtime polymorphism. This type of polymorphism is exemplified through procedure overriding. It enables the developer to design an abstract type with the only limited implementation of the standard. An example code to explain Runtime polymorphism is as follows:

We would receive the following result if we execute the above software:

Inheritance

The OOP approach in the C# includes Inheritance as the main component. We establish parental relationship categories within inheritance. The kid category can acquire all the strategies, items, and attributes of the parent category. A kid category may also include its own design and operations. The parent category is also called a foundation class. The example is:

In the above script, we feature a class called Program that has only one operation. Then we have an additional category Execute, which is derived from Software. Rather than establishing an object example for the Program, we have produced one for the category Execute. As a result, the outcome will be:

Many inheritances are not supported in the C# programming inheritance.  Therefore, one category cannot gain from multiple categories. But, one category may descend from another category.

Abstraction

Last but not least is Abstraction. Abstraction enables the coder to show the public only the information that is required whilst disguising the rest. The Abstract category and method in the C# language are used to accomplish abstraction. The Abstract prefix may be used to define a category as an abstract data type. In the C#, the Abstract category is typically the hierarchy's root class. They are distinguished from the remaining classes by the fact that they may not be created. Inheritance is required for a C# abstract data type.

An example of Abstraction is:

We understand that all the above concepts might be a little challenging for you in the beginning. But, we will make you an expert, and all of this will be a piece of cake for you.

Why is Object-Oriented Programming (OOP) Required in C#?

The most common question asked the C# novice beginners is that why is OOP required in the C#? The answer to this is quite simple but, we want you to have crystal clear concepts regarding OOP. That is why we added this small section.

The idea of OOPs is required if you wish to symbolize real-world items inside coding languages like C#. It helps to manage a company by accomplishing Reusability, Expandability, Elegance, and Supportability. OOPs establish basic ideas, and by applying them, we may create real-world items in a computer language that are reusable, extensible, simple, and maintainable. Objects include both live and non-living objects. So, utilizing the OOP principle, real-world things like people, animals, bicycles, computers, etc may be created in object-oriented coding languages. It is also the main reason why developers prefer C# instead of other languages.

Why Real-World Items Within A Project?

Now, you might have this question in your mind as well. So, we have the answer right here. Real-world items are required in a program because they are a major component of our company. We should construct business-associated real-world items in the initiative because we are creating programs (technology) for managing the organization.

To organize the Bank Company, for instance, you will need to generate real-world items like a client, a director, a receptionist, an administration officer, a brand manager, a laptop, a copier, and furniture. In addition to the Bank property, you should also build all of the banking items because it is impossible to operate a Banking company without the items. The above items are referred to as commercial objects in scientific terms.

EndNote

In this article, we discussed the most crucial topic in the C# programming: OOP concepts in the C#. From the definition and features to the four fundamental OOP concepts, we discussed each detail thoroughly. We know that the concepts might be complicated for you in the beginning. But, you will be an expert in no time. With passion, hard work, and sheer determination, you can achieve everything in this world. If you feel that the concepts are still unclear, you can always read the article again. It is available for all our precious readers on our website 24/7. Best of luck!