After reading this post, you will also get the skilled hand on timer interrupt and can understand them more easily. In today's post, I am gonna design a digital clock which will increment after every one second and we will calculate this one second increment using timer interrupt. This clock will be displayed on LCD so if you are not familiar with LCD then must read Interfacing of LCD with 8051 Microcontroller. You can also implement this digital clock with any other microcontroller like Arduino or PIC Microcontroller but today we are gonna implement it on 8051 Microcontroller. The complete simulation along with code is given at the end of this post but my suggestion is to design it on your own so that you get most of it. Use our code and simulation as a guide. So, let's get started with Interrupt based Digital clock with 8051 Microcontroller. :)
#include<reg51.h> //Function declarations void cct_init(void); void delay(int); void lcdinit(void); void WriteCommandToLCD(int); void WriteDataToLCD(char); void ClearLCDScreen(void); void InitTimer0(void); void UpdateTimeCounters(void); void DisplayTimeToLCD(unsigned int,unsigned int,unsigned int); void WebsiteLogo(); void writecmd(int); void writedata(char); //******************* //Pin description /* P2.4 to P2.7 is data bus P1.0 is RS P1.1 is E */ //******************** // Defines Pins sbit RS = P1^0; sbit E = P1^1; // Define Clock variables unsigned int usecCounter = 0; unsigned int msCounter = 0; unsigned int secCounter = 0; unsigned int minCounter = 0; unsigned int hrCounter = 0; // *********************************************************** // Main program // void main(void) { cct_init(); // Make all ports zero lcdinit(); // Initilize LCD InitTimer0(); // Start Timer0 // WebsiteLogo(); while(1) { if( msCounter == 0 ) // msCounter becomes zero after exact one sec { DisplayTimeToLCD(hrCounter, minCounter, secCounter); // Displays time in HH:MM:SS format } UpdateTimeCounters(); // Update sec, min, hours counters } } void writecmd(int z) { RS = 0; // This is command P2 = z; //Data transfer E = 1; // => E = 1 delay(150); E = 0; // => E = 0 delay(150); } void writedata(char t) { RS = 1; // This is data P2 = t; //Data transfer E = 1; // => E = 1 delay(150); E = 0; // => E = 0 delay(150); } void cct_init(void) { P0 = 0x00; //not used P1 = 0x00; //not used P2 = 0x00; //used as data port P3 = 0x00; //used for generating E and RS } void InitTimer0(void) { TMOD &= 0xF0; // Clear 4bit field for timer0 TMOD |= 0x02; // Set timer0 in mode 2 TH0 = 0x05; // 250 usec reloading time TL0 = 0x05; // First time value ET0 = 1; // Enable Timer0 interrupts EA = 1; // Global interrupt enable TR0 = 1; // Start Timer 0 } void Timer0_ISR (void) interrupt 1 // It is called after every 250usec { usecCounter = usecCounter + 250; // Count 250 usec if(usecCounter==1000) // 1000 usec means 1msec { msCounter++; usecCounter = 0; } TF0 = 0; // Clear the interrupt flag } void WebsiteLogo() { writecmd(0x95); writedata('w'); //write writedata('w'); //write writedata('w'); //write writedata('.'); //write writedata('T'); //write writedata('h'); //write writedata('e'); //write writedata('E'); //write writedata('n'); //write writedata('g'); //write writedata('i'); //write writedata('n'); //write writedata('e'); //write writedata('e'); //write writedata('r'); //write writedata('i'); //write writedata('n'); //write writedata('g'); //write writecmd(0xd8); writedata('P'); //write writedata('r'); //write writedata('o'); //write writedata('j'); //write writedata('e'); //write writedata('c'); //write writedata('t'); //write writedata('s'); //write writedata('.'); //write writedata('c'); //write writedata('o'); //write writedata('m'); //write writecmd(0x80); } void UpdateTimeCounters(void) { if (msCounter==1000) { secCounter++; msCounter=0; } if(secCounter==60) { minCounter++; secCounter=0; } if(minCounter==60) { hrCounter++; minCounter=0; } if(hrCounter==24) { hrCounter = 0; } } void DisplayTimeToLCD( unsigned int h, unsigned int m, unsigned int s ) // Displays time in HH:MM:SS format { ClearLCDScreen(); // Move cursor to zero location and clear screen // Display Hour WriteDataToLCD( (h/10)+0x30 ); WriteDataToLCD( (h%10)+0x30 ); //Display ':' WriteDataToLCD(':'); //Display Minutes WriteDataToLCD( (m/10)+0x30 ); WriteDataToLCD( (m%10)+0x30 ); //Display ':' WriteDataToLCD(':'); //Display Seconds WriteDataToLCD( (s/10)+0x30 ); WriteDataToLCD( (s%10)+0x30 ); } void delay(int a) { int i; for(i=0;i<a;i++); //null statement } void WriteDataToLCD(char t) { RS = 1; // This is data P2 &= 0x0F; // Make P2.4 to P2.7 zero P2 |= (t&0xF0); // Write Upper nibble of data E = 1; // => E = 1 delay(150); E = 0; // => E = 0 delay(150); P2 &= 0x0F; // Make P2.4 to P2.7 zero P2 |= ((t<<4)&0xF0);// Write Lower nibble of data E = 1; // => E = 1 delay(150); E = 0; // => E = 0 delay(150); } void WriteCommandToLCD(int z) { RS = 0; // This is command P2 &= 0x0F; // Make P2.4 to P2.7 zero P2 |= (z&0xF0); // Write Upper nibble of data E = 1; // => E = 1 delay(150); E = 0; // => E = 0 delay(150); P2 &= 0x0F; // Make P2.4 to P2.7 zero P2 |= ((z<<4)&0xF0);// Write Lower nibble of data E = 1; // => E = 1 delay(150); E = 0; // => E = 0 delay(150); } void lcdinit(void) { ///////////// Reset process from datasheet ///////// delay(15000); P2 &= 0x0F; // Make P2.4 to P2.7 zero P2 |= (0x30&0xF0); // Write 0x3 E = 1; // => E = 1 delay(150); E = 0; // => E = 0 delay(150); delay(4500); P2 &= 0x0F; // Make P2.4 to P2.7 zero P2 |= (0x30&0xF0); // Write 0x3 E = 1; // => E = 1 delay(150); E = 0; // => E = 0 delay(150); delay(300); P2 &= 0x0F; // Make P2.4 to P2.7 zero P2 |= (0x30&0xF0); // Write 0x3 E = 1; // => E = 1 delay(150); E = 0; // => E = 0 delay(150); delay(650); P2 &= 0x0F; // Make P2.4 to P2.7 zero P2 |= (0x20&0xF0); // Write 0x2 E = 1; // => E = 1 delay(150); E = 0; // => E = 0 delay(150); delay(650); ///////////////////////////////////////////////////// WriteCommandToLCD(0x28); //function set WriteCommandToLCD(0x0c); //display on,cursor off,blink off WriteCommandToLCD(0x01); //clear display WriteCommandToLCD(0x06); //entry mode, set increment } void ClearLCDScreen(void) { WriteCommandToLCD(0x01); // Clear screen command delay(1000); }
Download Proteus Simulation and Code for Digital Clock
That's all for today. Hope you have enjoyed today's project. Will meet you guys soon in the next post. Till then take care !!! :)
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